{"title":"Instability-driven microstructural evolution in drying bidisperse colloidal films","authors":"Jinseong Yun, Byoungjin Chun, Hyun Wook Jung","doi":"10.1007/s13367-025-00145-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13367-025-00145-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We investigate the coupled effects of evaporation and sedimentation on the microstructural evolution of bidisperse colloidal films using lattice Boltzmann simulations. The drying process is examined under both continuous drying and a two-step drying protocol, in which a temporary interruption period is introduced during the rapid drying stage. Under continuous drying, the competition between evaporative accumulation and gravitational settling leads to distinct outcomes: a pronounced small-on-top stratification when large particles undergo stronger sedimentation, and a much weaker degree of such stratification when the sedimentation rates of the two particle types are comparable. When drying is temporarily paused, the dense particle layer formed near the air–liquid interface becomes gravitationally unstable, and exhibits Rayleigh–Taylor instability. During this quiescent period, size-dependent vertical stratification relaxes, while new lateral patterns featuring finger-like structures emerge. These lateral patterns subsequently influence the final film configuration, ultimately producing alternating regions enriched in small and large particles. These findings demonstrate that drying-induced instability through a two-step drying protocol provides a promising route for designing unique microstructures in colloidal films.</p>\u0000 <span>AbstractSection</span>\u0000 Graphical Abstract\u0000 <div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div>\u0000 \u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":683,"journal":{"name":"Korea-Australia Rheology Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"45 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147339793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jungwon Sa, Byeongju Jeon, Yonghyeon Seo, Jaeuk Lim, Siyoung Q. Choi
{"title":"Physics-informed neural networks for complex fluids: opportunities and limitations","authors":"Jungwon Sa, Byeongju Jeon, Yonghyeon Seo, Jaeuk Lim, Siyoung Q. Choi","doi":"10.1007/s13367-025-00140-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13367-025-00140-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) offer a transformative alternative to conventional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by embedding governing physical laws directly into neural network loss functions. While traditional CFD methods face limitations including high computational costs, mesh sensitivity, and extensive data requirements, PINNs overcome these barriers by ensuring solutions inherently satisfy conservation principles during training. This review examines PINN foundations and their dual capability in solving forward problems—predicting complex fluid behaviors—and inverse problems involving parameter identification from limited data. We categorize existing research across three dimensions: canonical flows (Couette, Poiseuille), constitutive models (non-Newtonian, viscoelastic), and mathematical formulations (Burgers, Cahn-Hilliard equations). Building on this framework, we discuss advanced PINN variants addressing limitations in accuracy, efficiency, and generalization. We conclude by outlining future directions in multiscale modeling, irregular geometries, and data-driven discovery of constitutive laws, highlighting PINNs’ potential to revolutionize computational strategies for complex fluids.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":683,"journal":{"name":"Korea-Australia Rheology Journal","volume":"37 3-4","pages":"469 - 492"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13367-025-00140-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145898461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Om Prakash Pandit, Dipankar Chatterjee, Sourabh Khambra
{"title":"Effect of polymer concentration on the wake structure for the viscoelastic flow behind a square cylinder","authors":"Om Prakash Pandit, Dipankar Chatterjee, Sourabh Khambra","doi":"10.1007/s13367-025-00146-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13367-025-00146-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The work investigates numerically the influence of elastic force and polymer concentration on the behavior of two-dimensional viscoelastic flow past a square cylinder. The Oldroyd-B constitutive model is implemented for the characterization of the viscoelastic flow behavior. The coupled conservation and the constitutive equations are solved using a finite volume method in a non-uniform structured collocated grid system. The roles of the Weissenberg number (<i>Wi</i>) and the polymer viscosity ratio (1-<i>β</i>) are studied for the range <span>(0 le Wi le 5)</span>, 1-<i>β</i> = 0.01, 0.04, and 0.1 and Reynolds number <span>(10 le {text{Re}} le 4)</span> 0. The elastic force causes suppression of the wake behind the object while the polymer concentration leads to an increase in the stretching strength of the wake. A fully developed flow in a confined domain of blockage ratio 0.1 is considered for the study. It is observed that higher the value of <i>Re</i> and the polymer viscosity (1-<i>β</i>), a lower <i>Wi</i> is required for the wake suppression. The wake behind the square cylinder increases in both lateral and longitudinal directions with an increase of <i>Wi</i> and polymer viscosity ratio (1-<i>β</i>). It is further observed that the influence of polymer viscosity ratio on the flow structure around the cylinder has a significant impact in increasing the wake size and drag force at low <i>Wi</i> and <i>Re</i>.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":683,"journal":{"name":"Korea-Australia Rheology Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"53 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147338817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From 3D particle structuring to the 3D printing of silicones: A review","authors":"Chanyoung Kang, Ryun Oh, Daehoon Han, Yeongun Ko, Sangchul Roh","doi":"10.1007/s13367-025-00139-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13367-025-00139-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Silicones, a class of elastomers, are widely used in various applications, including soft robotics, microfluidic devices, biomedical materials, flexible electronics, and wearable sensors. 3D printing is one of the rapidly growing additive manufacturing methods for 3D structuring of materials, and it can expand the use of silicones for diverse applications. For an extrusion-type 3D printing process, such as direct ink writing, the inks require specific rheological properties. However, silicones typically exist as a viscous fluid, making it challenging to 3D print them without additional treatment, such as the incorporation of rheology modifiers. Here, we review common fillers used to modify the rheological properties of silicone for extrusion-based 3D printing. We discuss filler structuring and the resulting emergent rheological properties of silicone. We also review past studies on the applications of 3D-printed silicones with rheology modifiers.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":683,"journal":{"name":"Korea-Australia Rheology Journal","volume":"37 3-4","pages":"455 - 468"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145898460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rheology of physiological fluids and their artificial substitutes","authors":"Jinhyeong Lee, Jiho Choi","doi":"10.1007/s13367-025-00141-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13367-025-00141-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biological fluids exhibit complex rheological behaviors that are essential for physiological function and significantly altered in disease. Direct studies of native fluids, however, are constrained by invasive sampling, variability, and limited reproducibility, underscoring the importance of developing mimicking fluids. Unlike early substitutes based on Newtonian solutions, next-generation mimicking systems aim to reproduce non-Newtonian features such as thixotropy, and pH-dependent transitions. Recent advances highlight multicomponent formulations and simulation frameworks that more faithfully capture the defining rheological signatures of biofluids, yet most approaches remain preliminary and rely on simplified or animal-derived components. This review synthesizes progress in mimicking systems for major biofluids, identifies current challenges including limited pathological data and lack of standardized protocols, and emphasizes the need for integrated experimental and computational strategies. Looking ahead, future efforts should combine microstructural characterization, standardized rheological databases, and AI-enhanced modeling with sustainable materials. Such developments will establish physiologically accurate and reproducible mimicking fluids, enabling broad applications in diagnostics, medical device testing, and precision medicine.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":683,"journal":{"name":"Korea-Australia Rheology Journal","volume":"37 3-4","pages":"431 - 454"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145898350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sabin Hong, Sung Sik Lee, Tae Soup Shim, Ju Min Kim
{"title":"Correction: Rheological properties of silicon anode slurries modified with citric acid and borax and their impact on battery performance","authors":"Sabin Hong, Sung Sik Lee, Tae Soup Shim, Ju Min Kim","doi":"10.1007/s13367-025-00142-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13367-025-00142-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":683,"journal":{"name":"Korea-Australia Rheology Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"123 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147336169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pranav Dev Srivyas, Bishal Bidyut Buragohain, Anugrah Singh, Prasenjit Khanikar
{"title":"Effects of nano additives on the rheological behavior of fumed silica filled polyethylene glycol based shear thickening fluid","authors":"Pranav Dev Srivyas, Bishal Bidyut Buragohain, Anugrah Singh, Prasenjit Khanikar","doi":"10.1007/s13367-025-00143-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13367-025-00143-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a systematic rheological study on shear thickening fluid (STF) to determine the behavior and effects of fumed silica and different additives concentration on the shear-thickening behavior and the critical parameters responsible for thickening behavior. A stable STF suspension was prepared by adopting the sono-chemical homogenization technique, which enabled the complete elimination of water contamination and air bubbles from the STF suspension. Due to the presence of additives, the discontinuous shear thickening (DST) behavior was achieved even at low fumed silica concentration. The critical parameters, i.e., critical shear rate (CSR), peak viscosity, and shear thickening ratio (STR), were strongly influenced by different additives and their concentrations. Increasing the concentrations of the additives even in less proportion in the virgin shear thickening fluid (V-STF) significantly increases the thickening behavior and the peak viscosity and decreases the CSR. Further, a possible mechanism for shear thickening has been reported based on the effects of additives and their concentrations to understand the rheological behavior of these STF suspensions. The present study is in agreement with the hydro-cluster theory for the shear thickening behavior and particle friction interaction theory for the discontinuous shear thickening. In addition, the energy dissipation by the STF suspensions was also obtained from the oscillatory rheological test.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":683,"journal":{"name":"Korea-Australia Rheology Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"13 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147335875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiwoo Choi, Haegyo Jeong, Seon Yeop Jung, Seyoung Kim
{"title":"Toroidal mixers for microfluidic assembly of therapeutic lipid nanoparticles (LNPs): a review","authors":"Jiwoo Choi, Haegyo Jeong, Seon Yeop Jung, Seyoung Kim","doi":"10.1007/s13367-025-00138-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13367-025-00138-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are nanosized vehicles for gene delivery that enabled great success of mRNA vaccines in past years. Much of the success in the LNP-related gene therapeutics—vaccination, immunotherapy, and others—is in debt to its ability in packaging nucleic acids of long sequence inside the core and in delivering cargos efficiently across the plasma and endosomal membranes. Nevertheless, LNPs are structurally far from equilibrium; the particle size as well as the mass of encapsulated genes may vary widely particle-wise without timely controlled and spatially homogeneous particle growth. This raises critical needs to ensure homogeneous state of mixing during the nucleation and growth stage of LNPs with timescale of ∼10 ms. This review addresses fundamental aspects in and recent success of toroidal micromixers for the production of well-defined therapeutic LNPs, especially in the context of gene delivery systems. Toroidal micromixer is a 2D passive microfluidic device that is simple to operate, inexpensive, and has a mixing time that is sufficiently short for homogeneous LNP growth. It uses a series of toroidal channels arranged in a zig-zag configuration to interweave Dean vortex and asymmetric split-and-recombine effects. The existing commercialized toroidal mixers significantly lowered the technical barrier of microfluidic LNP production for newcoming researchers, and design of advanced toroidal mixers is actively studied in the field. We discuss the effectiveness of toroidal mixers in the production of LNPs that meet the requirements in terms of the structure and bioactivity and major factors in the toroidal mixing devices that need to be tailored when using different formulation of lipids and genes. Lastly, we summarize recent studies that used toroidal mixers with various production scales for LNPs encapsulating genes and other therapeutic cargos.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":683,"journal":{"name":"Korea-Australia Rheology Journal","volume":"37 3-4","pages":"405 - 430"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145898459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental study of the rheological and viscoelastic properties of lubricating greases at high temperature","authors":"Madjid Meriem-Benziane, Redha Mazouzi, Benyebka Bou-Saïd","doi":"10.1007/s13367-025-00137-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13367-025-00137-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This project aims to study the rheological and viscoelastic properties of lubricating greases, a technology used to prevent corrosion and characterized by their ability to withstand high temperatures. Three types of lubricating greases were tested using an Anton PAAR Rheometer at 60 °C compared to 20 °C, to demonstrate the effect of high temperatures on the viscosity decrease. The tests results of shear stress and viscosity versus shear rate were used to analyze the rheological property. Regarding the theoretical analysis, various rheological models were selected, such as the Bingham model, Herschel–Bulkley model, Casson model, power law to evaluate the flow curve data. The behavior of the greases was best expressed using the Casson and Herschel–Bulkley models. The results showed that the linear viscoelastic (LVE) range of the lubricating greases is characterized by steady flow. The experimental results show a curve of storage and loss modulus (G' and G\") versus the frequency of oscillatory deformation. It was observed that the samples exhibit G' greater than G\" (G' > G\"); that is, the elastic behavior is greater than the viscous behavior. This variation is measured in the oscillatory deformation range, which depends on a phase angle of less than 45 degrees. In fact, the development of the rheological properties of lubricating greases depends on the homogeneity between the nature of the oils and the thickeners. Analyses can provide information that can assess the suitability of lubricants in mechanical fields, depending on operating conditions, including temperature.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":683,"journal":{"name":"Korea-Australia Rheology Journal","volume":"37 3-4","pages":"335 - 345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145898353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A review of non-newtonian flows around a sphere","authors":"Subin Choi, Hyung-Jun Park, Jaekwang Kim","doi":"10.1007/s13367-025-00134-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13367-025-00134-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review aims to present a comprehensive historical account of both experimental and numerical investigations into the flow of non-Newtonian fluids around a sphere. Non-Newtonian fluids comprise a broad spectrum of soft materials, each characterized by distinct rheological responses under shear and extensional deformation. Although the geometry of a sphere may appear deceptively simple, the flow that develops around it involves coupled shear and extensional components, thereby eliciting a wide range of rheological phenomena, including shear-thinning, viscoelastic, and thixotropic effects that are absent in Newtonian systems. Sustained scientific interest in this classical problem has led to extensive research over the past several decades, employing both laboratory experiments and numerical simulations to unravel the fundamental mechanisms governing such flows. In this review, we systematically categorize non-Newtonian fluids by their rheological characteristics and trace the historical progression of studies on sphere–fluid interactions within each class. Particular emphasis is placed on highlighting seminal contributions that have shaped the current understanding, as well as recent advances that leverage modern computational techniques. We further identify emerging directions that highlight unresolved challenges and outline promising avenues for future research in non-Newtonian flow around spheres.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":683,"journal":{"name":"Korea-Australia Rheology Journal","volume":"37 3-4","pages":"389 - 403"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145898349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}