Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Removal of Co(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption as Polyethylenimine Complexes","authors":"S. O. Dolenko,&nbsp;І. Yu. Romaniukina,&nbsp;L. Yu. Yurlova","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X26010017","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X26010017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Heavy metals (HMs) form a distinct group within the vast range of organic and inorganic ecotoxicants. Because of their high solubility, heavy metals can exert mutagenic and toxic effects on all components of the biosphere. Among the most hazardous heavy metals is cobalt. In trace amounts, cobalt is an essential element for humans and animals; however, excessive cobalt intake can cause serious health disorders. Prolonged exposure to cobalt may lead to carcinogenic, teratogenic, or mutagenic effects in living organisms. Developing modern, efficient, and economically feasible methods for removing heavy metals, including cobalt, from contaminated water, therefore, remains a critical and urgent challenge. Adsorption using natural or synthetic, modified or unmodified adsorbents represents one of the most effective approaches for removing heavy metal ions from polluted water. This study examines the adsorptive removal of Co(II) ions from aqueous solutions using Filtrasorb 300 activated carbon premodified with Fe(III) oxide. This adsorbent shows high magnetic sensitivity, enabling a convenient and efficient separation from aqueous media. The study also demonstrates the potential of polymeric complexing agents—water-soluble polyethylenimines—to enhance the efficiency of Co(II) removal. The effects of several adsorption parameters, including pH, initial Co(II) concentration, polyethylenimine (PEI) concentration, and PEI molecular weight, on the adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of Co(II) were investigated. The results show that the extraction of Co(II) by the modified adsorbent depends on the stability and concentration of its complexes with PEI, which are influenced by both the molecular weight and the concentration of PEI in solution. Furthermore, the equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"48 1","pages":"52 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147340109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing an Efficient Model for Microplastic Removal in Wastewater: Integrating Advanced Filtration, Nanotechnology, and Bioremediation","authors":"P. Pande,&nbsp;B. Hambarde,&nbsp;P. Parkhi","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X2601008X","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X2601008X","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The escalating prevalence of microplastics in wastewater poses a formidable environmental challenge, necessitating innovative solutions beyond conventional treatment methodologies. Existing wastewater treatment frameworks exhibit limitations in microplastic removal, primarily due to insufficient removal efficiency, low adsorption capacity, and inadequate selectivity. Moreover, these systems often fall short in enhancing the biodegradation rate of microplastics, leading to persistent environmental contamination. Recognising these gaps, this study introduces an integrated approach that synergistically combines advanced filtration materials, nanotechnology applications, and bioremediation techniques, aiming to address the aforementioned deficiencies. In this novel model, bio-based filter media, specifically chitosan and alginate beads, are employed for their intrinsic high adsorption capacity, biodegradability, and affinity towards microplastic particles. This choice of materials underlines a strategic shift towards eco-friendly and efficient filtration. Nanotechnology is harnessed through carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and magnetic nanoparticles, such as iron oxide variants like magnetite or maghemite. CNTs, renowned for their expansive surface area and adsorptive traits, are functionalized to augment selectivity towards specific microplastic types. Magnetic nanoparticles facilitate the expedient separation of adsorbed microplastics from water, leveraging their magnetic characteristics. Bioremediation is incorporated via enzyme-based degradation and microbial remediation. Enzymes such as laccase and manganese peroxidase are immobilised on filtration materials, catalysing the breakdown of microplastics into less harmful substances. Concurrently, the integration of microorganisms capable of plastic degradation bolsters the biodegradation process. The proposed model markedly elevates the removal efficiency of microplastics to over 95%, a significant advancement over current standards. The advanced filtration materials exhibit an enhanced adsorption capacity of 10–20 mg/g. Furthermore, the rate of biodegradation of microplastics is accelerated by 30–50%, outpacing natural degradation rates. The system also boasts improved selectivity for diverse microplastics, achieving a specificity rate of over 80%. Post-treatment water quality sees substantial improvements in parameters like turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and biological oxygen demand (BOD), with targets such as nephelometric turbidity unit (NTU) &lt;5, and reductions in COD &gt;70% and BOD &gt;60%. Operational stability is ensured for 6–12 months, minimising the need for frequent maintenance. Additionally, the energy consumption for the treatment process is maintained below 0.5 kWh/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, making it economically viable and environmentally sustainable for different use cases. This integrative approach, therefore, stands as a pivotal advancement in wastewater treatment, presenting a scala","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"48 1","pages":"1 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147340108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Renewable Energy and Water Nanofluids in Improving the Performance of Passive Solar Distillation","authors":"T. Elango,&nbsp;K. Hemarana,&nbsp;K. Kalidasa Murugavel,&nbsp;Muttineni Sasidhar","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X26010029","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X26010029","url":null,"abstract":"<p>One of the major problems which the world faces today is water scarcity, as every life needs it for their day-to-day activity. Pollution and salinity are the two major causes of most waterbodies being unfit for use. Removing pollutants or salt from water became essential for overcoming the water shortage. Desalination technology is being used to achieve this, but the major disadvantage is its lower production. Applying solar energy and nanofluids may tackle the problem and increase the production. In this work, some physical and chemical parameters, in particular isoelectric point (pH), total dissolved solids (TDS), electric conductivity (EC), chloride (Cl^–), fluoride (F^–), iron(II) (Fe²⁺) content, were studied before and after desalination. Also, the influence of various water nanofluids (WNF) on increasing the output of glass-made double slope solar stills was studied. Physical and chemical parameter analysis revealed a reduction in values after desalination. Single and double-basin glass solar stills of 0.81 m² basin area were fabricated, and the experiments were conducted at Kovilpatti. The experiments were carried out at a depth of 1 cm with borewell saline water and nanofluids under insulated conditions. A maximum productivity of 4350 mL per 0.81 m²/day (5405 mL/m²/day) was obtained while using Al₂O₃ nanofluid in a double basin glass solar still, which was higher than that obtained using water, SnO₂ and ZnO WNF. This confirms the efficiency of Al₂O₃ aqueous nanofluid, which yielded more distillate than other two nanofluids used.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"48 1","pages":"94 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147340145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water Pollution and Its Impacts on Public Health in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","authors":"Nazish Huma Khan,&nbsp;Muhammad Aamir Khan,&nbsp;Mohammad Nafees,&nbsp;Sarzamin Khan,&nbsp;Tooba Saeed,&nbsp;Areeba Inaam,&nbsp;Nida Naz","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X26010042","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X26010042","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aims to evaluate the current knowledge about the biological effects and the sources responsible for drinking water contamination in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. For this purpose, this review article has summarized data extracted from various national and international journals and relevant reports published by government and non-governmental organizations. The KP province faces water pollution as a major public health problem. This review shows a detailed layout of the water quality with special emphasis on major pollutants, pollution sources, and their impacts on public health. The study revealed that drinking water sources in KP province are highly polluted with microbes and heavy metals. The physicochemical parameters were noted above the World Health Organization’s permissible limits. The trend of toxic metals has been reported as Fe &gt; Ni &gt; Pb &gt; Cd &gt; Cr in the drinking water of KP. An overview of relevant reports and published articles reported the presence of <i>Coliform</i> bacteria (CB) in the drinking water of Peshawar (1740 MPN/100), Abbottabad (2–600 MPN/100), Nowshera (2–1800 MPN/100), Charsadda (5–1600 MPN/100), Swabi (21 MPN/100), and the Northern Areas (38 MPN/100). The study highlighted those key sources responsible for water contamination are anthropogenic activities such as improper waste handling and agricultural inputs. Various health problems, such as diarrhea, dysentery, other gastrointestinal problems, and skin diseases, have been reported due to waterborne diseases. To shrink the risk of waterborne diseases, it is important to enhance the monitoring and sustainable techniques for the effective management of water resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"48 1","pages":"80 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147340147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single and Dual Metal Impregnated Activated Carbons for the Removal of Lead and Chromium from Wastewater","authors":"Madeeha Younes,&nbsp;Muhammad Younas,&nbsp;Sidra Shaoor Kiani,&nbsp;Amjad Farooq,&nbsp;Saima Ashraf,&nbsp;Rimsha Shoukat,&nbsp;Zainab Waseem,&nbsp;Muhammad Zayed","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X26010078","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X26010078","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Metal oxide impregnated activated carbon (IAC) has good affinity for heavy metals present in water. Zinc/copper impregnation by imbibing method was executed for the purpose of optimum tailoring of activated carbon (AC) for water purification purposes. Calcination of these samples was carried out to convert metals into their respective oxides in an inert atmosphere using a tube furnace. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results helped to explore metal loading, metal dispersion and the final metal form onto AC. The surface area available for incoming metals was studied by Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) theory. Heavy metal ions were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and studied by applying adsorption models, a variety of isotherms and altering various conditions. The system was feasible, spontaneous, had a major chemisorption mechanism and was overall endothermic. Adsorption studies make it clear that dual metals impregnation helped in maximizing active sites as compared to the same concentration of single metal. Weber and Morris model was used to find that intra particle diffusion and film diffusion, both processes occur during adsorption while Boyd model confirmed that film diffusion was rate determining phenomenon. 0.33 mmol/g of each zinc and copper IAC showed 96% removal efficiency of chromium(VI) and 98% for lead(II) at 30°C for 10 mg/L concentration, pH 3 and a dose of 4 g/L. Hence, imbibed AC is efficient, safe and economical adsorbent for water purification.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"48 1","pages":"12 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147340148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removal of Chromium Ions from Contaminated Water Solutions by Filtration Process Using Inorganic Membrane Developed by Slip Casting Method on Tubular Ceramic Supports","authors":"Cheikh Kadiri,&nbsp; Ferhat Bouzerara","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X26010030","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X26010030","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Inorganic membrane was prepared from local raw materials using slip casting technique. Characterizations of prepared tubular samples have been made by mercury inclusion porosimetry (MIP), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-visible spectrometer, water permeability plant and stream potential measurements. The obtained values are mean pores radius (10 nm), water permeability (1000 L m^–2 h^–1 MPa^–1) and stream potential (–52 mV); these values clearly indicate the possibility of using this inorganic membrane in microfiltration, ultrafiltration and/or pre-nanofiltration processes. Results from filtration operation applied to chromium (Cr(III)) contaminated water: retention <i>R</i>(%) = 82% and estimated surface charge –66.7 mC m⁻² show the important capacity of membrane to separate chromium ions from contaminated waters. Donnan equilibrium mechanism between membrane surface charge and solute ions has been proposed to explain the selective rejection behaviour of ions by inorganic membrane.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"48 1","pages":"27 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147340149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Box–Behnken Design for the Optimization of Fenton Degradation of Paracetamol in Aqueous Solution","authors":"Chala Mouna,&nbsp;Boumechhour Fatima,&nbsp;Boudrahem Nassima","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25060074","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25060074","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present work focuses on the treatment of model wastewater that simulates industrial pharmaceutical effluent. Paracetamol (PCT) is the most widely consumed medicine, particularly during the fight against the Corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and is therefore one of the most persistent contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. In this study, the degradation of PCT was investigated using the conventional homogeneous Fenton reaction (H₂O₂/Fe²⁺) in a batch reactor operating at an ambient temperature with a degradation time of 60 min. The effectiveness of the treatment was assessed by monitoring the removal of total organic carbon (TOC). The study investigated the effect of the key process variables: A: pH, B: [H₂O₂]/[PCT], and C: [H₂O₂]/[Fe²⁺]. The influence of these variables was systematically examined utilizing a Box−Behnken design (BBD) with a 3-level 3-factor configuration and response surface methodology. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) for TOC removal efficiency by BBD model shows that the model is significant. The model F-value is 41.71 and the <i>p</i>-value is 0.0004. The model was fit with an <i>R</i>² of 0.9869 and an adjusted <i>R</i>² of 0.9632. The ideal process conditions were determined as pH = 3, [H₂O₂]/[PCT] = 15, [H₂O₂]/[Fe²⁺] = 16, with a TOC elimination rate of 33.40%. The results show how to make the Fenton process work better and how to get rid of PCT more efficiently. This research could lead to new ways to treat wastewater and clean up the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 6","pages":"573 - 585"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145493586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resonant Nuclear Interaction as the Basis of Chemical Bonding: A Quantum-Mechanical Approach","authors":"V. V. Goncharuk,&nbsp;L. O. Solianyk,&nbsp;S. O. Lysenko","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25060049","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25060049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In classical chemistry, a chemical bond arises from the distribution of electron density between atoms. However, quantum-mechanical models suggest that vibrational states of nuclei also play an active role in forming stable structures. Atomic nuclei in a molecule undergo quantum oscillations within potential wells shaped by the electron cloud and neighboring nuclei. These oscillations exhibit characteristic frequencies that depend on the nuclear mass and the form of the potential, as well as a spatiotemporal structure expressed through vibrational wave functions. When two or more nuclei in a system possess similar or commensurate vibrational frequencies, resonance interaction between them can emerge. This resonance may increase coherence time, minimize the energy of the vibrational subsystem, and induce effective interactions without electron participation. In a water molecule, nuclear coherence plays a key role in enhancing the stability of its geometry. This property of the water molecule becomes especially significant under conditions of strong ionization, when electrons are almost absent and classical orbital models lose applicability. In high-temperature environments, water maintains structural integrity through harmonic nuclear oscillations with phase coherence. In biomolecular systems, water provides the background of coherent vibrations that sustain the stability of complex biochemical structures. Thus, the water molecule serves as a universal model that demonstrates the action of the nuclear vibrational resonance mechanism as one of the fundamental principles of chemical bonding. Water not only preserves coherence under the destabilization of electron clouds but also gives a platform for energetic interactions between molecules.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 6","pages":"592 - 597"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145493588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal Dynamics of Organochlorine Pesticides in River Water: Influence of Physicochemical Properties and Transformation Processes","authors":"V. I. Balamut,&nbsp;M. V. Milyukin","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25060013","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25060013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper deals with the results of studying the seasonal dynamics of organochlorine pesticides (OCP) in river water with consideration for the physicochemical properties of individual compounds. It is shown that seasonal variability of concentrations for some OCP groups is caused by different mechanisms of physicochemical processes occurring in an aquatic system. It has been established that the content of more hydrophobic and poorly soluble compounds from the dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT) group depends predominantly on sorption and photochemical degradation processes, whereas the distribution of less hydrophobic and more soluble hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers is determined by the equilibrium between the dissolved, sorbed, and gaseous phases. Among all the organochlorine pesticides, particular attention is paid to δ-HCH demonstrating increased mobility and transportability over long distances in a water medium due to its unique physicochemical properties (hydrophobicity constant, distribution coefficient logarithm log <i>K</i>_OW, high solubility in water, moderate volatility, and low Henry constant). The mechanisms of photoisomerization and dechlorination with participation of humic and fulvic acids (humic acids), which may influence on the formation of DDT transformation products, are proposed. The obtained results are of practical importance for environmental risk assessment, OCP migration prediction, and the development of aquatic ecosystem monitoring strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 6","pages":"598 - 611"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145493338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Seasonal Functional Dynamics of Plankton in Relationship with Physicochemical Variables in Point Calimere Wildlife and Bird Sanctuary","authors":"P. Nithya,&nbsp;M. Kanipriya","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25060086","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25060086","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The study reveals the seasonal variation of physicochemical parameters and their functional dynamics on plankton density, diversity, richness, and evenness in Kodiakarai (also known as Point Calimere) wetland Bird Sanctuary. Quantitative samples were collected every month from September 2021 to June 2022 at Kodiakkarai, Bay of Bengal (BOB) coast. Statistical analyses of physicochemical parameters: temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, and silicate were performed. The significant variation across seasons as well as the high influence of physicochemical changes of plankton productivity were observed. A total of 40 species: viz. 28 species of <i>Bacillariophyceae</i>, 7 species of <i>Dinophyceae</i>, 2 species of <i>Cyanophyceae</i> and 3 species of <i>Chlorophyceae</i> were recorded in station I; whereas 34 species: viz. 22 species of <i>Bacillariophyceae</i>, 6 species of <i>Dinophyceae</i>, 4 species of <i>Cyanophyceae</i> and 2 species of <i>Chlorophyceae</i> were recorded in station II. In both stations, calanoid was found (40%) dominated, further 32% of <i>Cyclopoida</i> and 28% of <i>Harpacticoida</i> were recorded in station I; whereas 35% of <i>Cyclopoida</i> and 25% of <i>Harpacticoida</i> were recorded in station II. Therefore, a total of 25 and 20 species were recorded during the study period. The statistical analysis of plankton species, including the Shannon−Wiener diversity index, Simpson’s richness index, and Pielou’s evenness index, revealed higher values during the summer season and lower values during the monsoon season. The study found that the productivity of the Kodiakarai wetland contributes on dietary of about a hundred bird species, annually. Among the bird species, a major portion of large wading bird dominance was noted in the Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary during the study period.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 6","pages":"517 - 533"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145493589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}