Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Technical Efficiency Assessment and Economic Cost Analysis of Leachate Treatment Systems in Waste Incineration Power Plants in China","authors":"Chao Sun,&nbsp; Jisheng Long","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25050030","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25050030","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The waste stockpiling before its incineration often leads to the production of substantial leachate. Climate might affect the leachate production and its treatment. Here, a systematic investigation of leachate quality and the operational status of leachate treatment stations in 9 incineration power plants from subtropical and temperate regions in China was carried out. The results indicated that the average annual leachate production rates of waste incineration power plants in both regions were 17%, with higher production amounts in summer and lower in winter. When compared to subtropical projects, those in temperate zones exhibited greater annual fluctuations in leachate production, poorer raw leachate water quality, and higher treatment loads during the summer. These characteristics posed higher operational management demands for the temperate leachate systems. The “pretreatment + biological treatment + membrane advanced treatment” system is the main technology for leachate treatment in waste incineration power plants. It could be found that the removal rates for chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH₃–N), and chloride ions (Cl^–) could reach 99.94, 99.88, and 95.70%, respectively. Meanwhile, the treated water met the reuse standards, proving the technology’s high efficiency and stability across different temperature zones. The average annual total operating cost of leachate treatment stations was approximately 50.62 yuan/t. Among the total cost, the electric cost accounted for about 50.95%, making it a key factor in cost reduction and efficiency improvement for leachate treatment systems. This study will provide valuable data and technical support for the efficient and economical leachate treatment in waste incineration power plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 5","pages":"464 - 475"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145028316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Spatiotemporal Variation, Controlling Factors and Travertine Deposition Capacity of the Springs and the Secondary Conversion Springs in Huanglong, a World Natural Heritage, Sichuan, China","authors":"Jiyu Tang,&nbsp;Wenhao Gao,&nbsp;Xinze Liu,&nbsp;Zhilin Chen,&nbsp;Dong Sun,&nbsp;Liang Qin,&nbsp;Zhipeng Zhang,&nbsp;Shupu Liu,&nbsp;Jianxing Dong,&nbsp;Shikuan Wang,&nbsp;Qingming Zhang,&nbsp;Liping Jiang,&nbsp;Shu Tang,&nbsp;Qingle Zeng","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25050042","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25050042","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To investigate the hydrochemical properties, influencing factors, and travertine deposition potential of the Springs and the Secondary Conversion Springs in the Huanglong Scenic Area, 14 surface water samples were gathered from two aquifers. The composition and controlling factors of hydrochemical elements in the region’s surface water were analysed using statistical methods, Pearson correlation, Piper diagrams, Gibbs diagrams, ion ratio analysis, and principal component analysis. The findings are as follows: (1) The dominant hydrochemical classification in the region is <span>({text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - })</span>–Ca²⁺. (2) The Springs exhibit significant spatial variability in hydrochemical traits, heavily influenced by factors such as temperature, aquifer materials, and terrain. In contrast, the Secondary Conversion Springs are less impacted by these variables. (3) The hydrochemical composition of the Springs and the Secondary Conversion Springs in July and September remained stable over time, primarily influenced by a single factor—water−rock interaction. The hydrochemical profile was mainly governed by the dissolution of carbonate rocks, with minor contributions from halite and gypsum dissolution. (4) The Springs in the study area are characterised by high <span>({{P}_{{{text{C}}{{{text{O}}}_{{text{2}}}}}}})</span>, high <span>({text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - })</span> and high Ca²⁺, concentrations, providing the main sources of calcium and carbon for travertine deposition in the Secondary Conversion Springs, and the deposition capacity of travertine is mainly affected by Ca²⁺, <span>({text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - })</span>, <span>({{P}_{{{text{C}}{{{text{O}}}_{{text{2}}}}}}})</span> and pH.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 5","pages":"439 - 454"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145028313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photodegradation of Pharmaceuticals from Aqueous Solutions Using TiO2, Composite Nanofiber PAN-MWCNT/TiO2, and PAN-MWCNT/TiO2–NH2 as Photocatalysts under Ultraviolet and Visible Light","authors":"Mousumi Chakraborty,&nbsp; Vineet Kumar Rathore","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25050029","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25050029","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present study investigates the degradation of tetracycline (TCH), amoxicillin (AMX), and diclofenac sodium (DCF) under ultraviolet (UV) and visible light conditions using TiO₂ and two composite nanofibers, PAN-MWCNT/TiO₂−NH₂ and PAN-MWCNT/TiO₂, as photocatalysts. The nanofiber catalysts were prepared by the force-spinning method and characterised by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Maximum degradation percentage was achieved by optimising various parameters, in particular feed pH (3–11), concentration of feed (50–100 mg/L), and dosing of the catalyst (0.5–1.5 g/L). TiO₂-based nanofiber adjusts the band gap and increase its capability to absorb UV and visible light selectively. The effectiveness of AMX, TCH, and DCF (50 mg/L) degradation was investigated using UV and solar radiation with various photocatalysts (1 g/L) at pH 3 for AMX and DCF and pH 11 for TCH. This study revealed that PAN-MWCNT/TiO₂ was the most efficient catalyst under UV radiation, which showed the maximum degradation percentage of the pollutants, i.e., 97% for AMX, 95% for TCH, and 91% for DCF in 90 min, whereas PAN-MWCNT/TiO₂–NH₂ was highly effective in visible light and resulted in 64% for AMX, 72% for TCH, and 67% for DCF degradation in 6 h. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) analysis was performed before and after the degradation process. 70–80% COD removal efficiencies suggested partial oxidation of the pollutants (AMX/TCH/DCF). To spot the intermediate compounds produced during the degradation process, Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis was also performed.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 5","pages":"426 - 438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145028312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel and Sustainable Approach for Wastewater Treatment and Contaminant Removal by Biohybrids: Contemporary Situations and Prospective Futures","authors":"Manoj Kumar,&nbsp;Prakash C. Sahoo,&nbsp;Kulamani Parida","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25050054","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25050054","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The synthesis of biohybrids is a fascinating field of study at the node of materials engineering and bioscience involving combining functional materials with biological entities. Tailoring the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials in conjunction with biological systems has been made easy by developments in novel material design and processing technologies. Because biohybrids have more active sites and a larger surface area than polycrystalline materials, they demonstrate better catalytic activity. Thus, employing microbes in nanomaterials can offer a fresh method for decontaminating and treating wastewater. Various nanomaterials have been incorporated into biological systems up to this point, ranging from essential enzymes to complex multicellular species. Here, we offer a critical review of current advancements in biohybrids, which open up new or enhanced biological applications that can potentially treat wastewater. These enticing biohybrids explore the most recent developments of integrated biotechnology and nanotechnology that may work together to transform wastewater management. An overview of the possible uses of different biohybrids in various water treatments is given in this review. Consequently, this review has also recognized and examined the drawbacks and difficulties of using biohybrids. The information presented in this review offers fresh perspectives and opportunities for further study and advancement to increase the applicability of biohybrids.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 5","pages":"492 - 508"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145028315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the Structure of Water–Oil–Coal Emulsions Based on Anthracite and Waste Water","authors":"A. S. Makarov,&nbsp;Yu. M. Kryuchkov,&nbsp;R. E. Klishchenko,&nbsp;I. M. Kosygina,&nbsp;I. M. Potapchuk","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X2505008X","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X2505008X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A structural model of water–oil–coal emulsions (WOCEs) based on large spherical anthracite particles dispersed in a matrix phase composed of small spherical anthracite particles, oil, industrial waste water, and an emulsifier is proposed. The model provides the calculation of average coordination numbers for both large and small particles along with the interparticle distance by using the specified or calculated coordination numbers. This makes it possible to optimize the process of achieving desirable properties, in particular, with waste water to promote more efficient utilization for water–oil–coal emulsions in the power production sector. The utilization of water–oil–coal emulsions contributes to rational resource management, reduces environment pollution, and provides a comprehensive solution for industrial wastewater disposal. Due to stable combustion within a broad range of temperatures and a high calorific value, such systems essentially reduce the thermal power production expenditures. The cost of heat production by WOCE combustion per 1 Gcal is twice lower as compared to traditional fossil fuels, so its utilization becomes economically reasonable and promising for power production industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 5","pages":"421 - 425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145028250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promising Adsorbents for the Purification of Aquatic Environments from Heavy Metals: A Review","authors":"S. O. Kobets,&nbsp;G. M. Pshynko,&nbsp;B. P. Yatsyk,&nbsp;L. M. Demutska","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25050066","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25050066","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;This work presents current aspects of chemical contamination of surface water environments, which serve as sources for drinking water, by heavy metals. Elevated concentrations of these metals induce toxic effects, while certain species, such as Cd(II), Pb(II), Cr(VI), and others, exhibit carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic impacts on the human organism and compromise the stability of the ecological environment. The adsorption capacity of various materials was analyzed, including natural aluminosilicates, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with differing layer compositions and interlayer ligands, their calcined forms, potassium zinc hexacyanoferrate, and nanocomposites based on magnetite, among others, as adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals from environmental aqueous media. The results demonstrate that the efficiency of heavy metal adsorption significantly depends on their chemical speciation, which varies with pH, the macroscopic compositional characteristics of the aqueous environments, and other influencing factors. The analysis of adsorption properties of materials revealed that the efficiency of natural adsorbents is significantly lower than that of synthesized layered double hydroxides functionalized with inorganic and organic anions, potassium zinc hexacyanoferrate(II), as well as composites based on these materials with magnetite. The nature and spatial distribution of functionally analytical adsorption-active centers within their composition play a decisive role. When producing such adsorbents and determining conditions for their modification, it is crucial to select them according to the hypothesis of analogy. This hypothesis involves establishing a qualitative parallel between the conditions of reactions with organic and inorganic reagents (such as hydrolysis, precipitation, and complex formation) occurring in aqueous media and the functional groups present on the adsorbent surface. Applying this approach enables achieving high efficiency and selectivity of the adsorbents. Significant attention was also given to evaluating the effect of the pH of aqueous environments and the pH at the point of zero charge of the adsorbent surfaces, the nature and concentration of cationic and anionic forms of inorganic ecotoxicants, as well as the macroscopic composition of waters and the duration of adsorption. These factors decisively affect the degree of heavy metal removal by the studied multifunctional materials. The efficiency of adsorbents functionalized with chelating and hexacyanoferrate(II) anions, as well as calcined forms of Me(II),Me(III)-LDHs, toward cationic and anionic forms of heavy metals, predominantly depends on the differing stabilities of their complex compounds with the interlayer ligands of the multifunctional materials and the formation of precipitates such as hydroxides and hydroxycarbonates. Additionally, the physicochemical characteristics of the aqueous media, including pH, mineralization, and the concentration ","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 5","pages":"476 - 491"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145028317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of the Toxicity of Water Contaminated with Pharmaceutical Preparations by Biotesting Methods","authors":"V. F. Kovalenko,&nbsp;A. M. Holovkov,&nbsp;A. V. Nanieva,&nbsp;A. M. Sova","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25050078","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25050078","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study justifies the use of biotesting methods to assess the level of toxicity in aquatic environments contaminated with pharmaceutical substances (PSs) of various origins, including diclofenac, streptocide, and paracetamol. To determine overall toxicity, we used <i>Daphnia magna</i>, a cladoceran crustacean, and <i>Brachydanio rerio</i>, a representative vertebrate aquatic organism. To assess cytotoxicity, the blood cells of zebrafish were tested. The biotesting results showed that the tested pharmaceuticals exerted varying degrees of toxicity on aquatic organisms, depending on their concentration in the water, and caused pathological changes in fish blood cells. Aqueous solutions of the pharmaceuticals at concentrations from 0.1 to 10.0 mg/dm³ caused acute toxic effects in <i>Daphnia</i> and chronic toxic effects in fish. In addition, cytotoxicity in the blood cells of <i>Brachydanio rerio</i> was detected after 10 days of exposure to the studied compounds, well before the onset of mortality in the test organisms. According to the European Directive EC 93/67/EEC, these effects correspond to “very toxic,” “toxic,” and “harmful” classifications for aquatic life. These findings indicate negative trends in the ecological status of natural water bodies that are continuously polluted by pharmaceuticals and their metabolites. Excessive contamination may lead to irreversible degradation of aquatic ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 5","pages":"509 - 515"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145028207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocatalytic Destruction of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds by Hydrogen Peroxide Immobilized on TiO2","authors":"Yu. O. Shvadchina,&nbsp;V. F. Vakulenko,&nbsp;O. V. Lozovskyi","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25050091","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25050091","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The widespread application of pharmaceutically active compounds all over the world and the imperfection of traditional water treatment technologies lead to the appearance of these preparations and their metabolites in purified waste and surface waters. Contemporary advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on the generation of powerful OH radicals from environmentally friendly oxidants (O₂, O₃, H₂О₂) under UV radiation and the application of titania as a photocatalyst are able to provide the complete destruction of many ecotoxicants to CО₂, H₂О, and inorganic ions, i.e., their mineralization. A promising trend in expanding the capabilities of heterogeneous AOPs is the use of titania, which is deposited (immobilized) on solid supports to avoid the terminal nanosized powder separation stage. The kinetics of photocatalytic and heterogeneous photocatalytic destruction with hydrogen peroxide has been studied for popular cheap drugs, such as aspirin, salicylic acid, and analgin, in an aqueous medium in a reactor with TiО₂ immobilized on a large-pore ceramic support under UV-C irradiation. It has been shown that the Н₂О₂/TіО₂/UV photocatalytic system is able to provide the almost complete (96–100%) primary destruction of salicylic acid and aspirin (<i>C</i>₀ = 0.2 mM) and analgin (<i>C</i>₀ = 0.1 mM) at a maximum degree of mineralization of 85, 84, and 71%, respectively, for 3 h at an oxidant utilization rate ≥90%. The direct photolysis of all three preparations for 3 h has led their molecules only to slight initial transformation (≤41% according to spectrophotometric data) accompanied by a low degree of mineralization (≤6%).</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 5","pages":"455 - 463"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145028314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of Bisphenol A Effect on Microbial Extracellular Polymers in Biological Denitrification Systems","authors":"Hua Zhang,&nbsp;Shuo Ruan,&nbsp;Jian Huang,&nbsp;Tao Luo,&nbsp;Jianye Cao,&nbsp;Minli Lin,&nbsp;Guowei Liu,&nbsp;Zichen Shuai","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25040022","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25040022","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Extracellular polymers (EPS) are critical for microbial metabolism in wastewater biological treatment processes. This study examined the impact of bisphenol A (BPA) on microbial EPS within a biological denitrification system. Results indicated that low concentrations of BPA (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/L) had minimal effects on denitrification performance. In contrast, high concentrations (3.0 and 5.0 mg/L) significantly impaired denitrification. As the concentration of BPA increased, tyrosine-like proteins content in loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) increased while tryptophan-like proteins and humic acids content decreased. The C–(C,H) content in LB-EPS initially increased and then decreased, whereas the C–(O,N) content continuously increased. Conversely, in tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS), tyrosine and tryptophan-like proteins content decreased while humic acids content increased. The C–(C,H) content in TB-EPS continuously increased, whereas the C–(O,N) content initially increased and then decreased. The C–O–C and C=O peaks of polysaccharides and carboxylates in both LB-EPS and TB-EPS shifted, whereas the peaks corresponding to protein peptide bonds remained unchanged. BPA primarily binds to C–(C,H) and C–(O,N) components in EPS.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 4","pages":"342 - 353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145168416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy Recovery and Treatment of Slaughterhouse Wastewater Using Anaerobic Digestion Coupled with Combined Chemical Electro Coagulation Technique","authors":"Sadia Nasreen,&nbsp;Romana Khan,&nbsp;Saimar Pervez,&nbsp;Syed Muhammad Affaq,&nbsp;Hafiza Irsa Ashraf","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X2504006X","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X2504006X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wastewater treatment is an important option to reclaim treated water for countries that are facing water shortages. The availability of technical and financial factors influences the selection of treatment technology. Therefore, it is very important to choose the best-fit technology for the treatment of wastewater. The objective of this investigation was to optimize the anaerobic digestion for the treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater and to evaluate the bioenergy production potential, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of residual matter. The anaerobic digestion setup was combined with the electro-coagulation technique to enhance the process optimization and recovery of bioenergy from waste. The performance of the lab scale anaerobic digester was evaluated under mesophilic environmental conditions (29 <i>±</i> 1.40°C). Experimentation showed the COD removal efficiencies and methane yield of lab scale treatment system in the ranges of 58.92 to 94.54% with the maximum volumetric production of 0.158 <i>±</i> 0.17 m³/day. The proposed system is efficient enough to cater not only to the high-strength slaughter-house wastewater, but it will also act as a source of generating bioenergy. Consequently, combined processes are inferred to be superior to individual techniques, for the removal of both organic and inorganic compounds from slaughterhouse wastewater.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 4","pages":"354 - 361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145168949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}