Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of Groundwater Suitability for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes Using Water Quality Index, Seawater Mixing Index, Human Health Risk Assessment, and Irrigation Suitability Indices","authors":"Zahir Malik,&nbsp;Ansh Mirani,&nbsp;Sathish Nagaraj,&nbsp;Gokulan Ravindiran","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25040095","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25040095","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Groundwater has been depleted much faster in recent decades due to anthropogenic activities. Many pollutants enter water bodies through domestic sewage and industrial wastewater, lowering water quality. The health risks associated with water quality are critical for long-term water management in coastal regions of India. This study analyzed groundwater quality, seawater intrusion, hydrogeochemical processes (Piper trilinear graph and Gibbs plot), and statistical data in Tiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu, India. Water quality data were collected at 58 sampling stations. The water quality index (WQI) results showed that water in 12 stations was unsuitable for drinking. 20 stations exhibited poor water quality, while 20 were very poor. The extent of seawater intrusion into the study area was calculated using the seawater mixing index (SMI), and the results indicated that only one station had an SMI value of &gt;1. A human health risk assessment (HHRA) was performed based on the nitrate and fluoride concentrations. The results showed that 39.65% of stations posed nitrate risks to children, while 20.68% posed risks to adults. By comparison, fluoride-related risks affect 34.48% of the stations in children, but only one station in adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 4","pages":"390 - 403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145168950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of Low-Cost Ceramic Membranes for Water Filtration: Valorization of Inorganic Clay Ores","authors":"Tarek Melki,&nbsp;Boukhemis Boudaira,&nbsp;Mohamed Mouadh Messaoui,&nbsp;Nasrine Boughezala,&nbsp;Madiha Zerouali,&nbsp;Salma Reghis,&nbsp;Nora Bouchahm,&nbsp;Tarik Otmane,&nbsp;Noureddine Sengouga","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25040083","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25040083","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Two samples of Algerian clay were collected for preparing ceramic membranes that can be used for water filtration. The membrane support was prepared from mountain clay from El Outaya mountains, Biskra province, Algeria, using calcium carbonate and methocel additive via extrusion method. The membrane was deposited using slip-casting method and the precursor slurry was based on polyvinyl aniline (PVA) and clay from Constantine mountains. The supports exhibited proportional evolution of mechanical resistance with sintering temperature, so the 1150°C support was selected for membrane deposition due to its porosity, which yielded optimal mean flux values (30 002.082, 21 559.54, and 16 511.71 L h^–1 m^–2 for 3 × 10⁴, 6 × 10⁴, and 9 × 10⁴ Pa pressure, respectively). The selected support possessed optimal permeability suitable for membrane deposition (factor <i>k</i> = 0.25679 L h^–1 m^–2 Pa^–1) because of necks and bridges formation made of mainly Gehlenite–Anorthite with some traces of Mullite. The cast membrane displayed low porosity and very high filtration performance since the Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image revealed a clean side section of the membrane with good homogeneity and low porosity rate. Moreover, the application of the cast membrane for filtration resulted in a very good filtration rate under high-pressure filtration when comparing the polluted water sample and the filtrate, showing the applicability of the designed membrane for microfiltration.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 4","pages":"332 - 341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145168948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption of Aniline Derivatives on Modified Activated Carbon","authors":"L. A. Savchyna,&nbsp;I. V. Kosogina,&nbsp;O. O. Samsoni-Todorova,&nbsp;N. A. Klymenko","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25040071","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25040071","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Among the physicochemical and biological methods of water purification from organic and inorganic contaminants, adsorption is the most suitable and advanced technique due to the high removal efficiency, easy operation, economic availability, and reusability of adsorbents. The removal of organic contaminants from water sources can be improved by using appropriate target adsorbents. Currently, much attention is paid to the production of carbon-containing sorbents from biorenewable raw materials (agro-industrial residues, wood processing products, wastes from various industries). The structural and sorption properties of fruitstone activated carbon from apricot kernels (FAC) and its modified sample obtained by impregnation with iron salts (Fe-FAC) have been studied. It has been shown that FAC modification leads to an increase in the total specific surface area, the surface of meso- and micropores, and the volume of pores. An increase in the static cation- and anion-exchange capacities was observed. The adsorption of <i>p</i>-chloroaniline, <i>p</i>-nitroaniline, and <i>m</i>-nitroaniline was studied under steady-state conditions at temperatures of 5, 20, and 40°C. In all the cases, adsorption is better on the modified adsorbent. The obtained results were described by the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich models. Thermal studies allowed us to calculate thermodynamic parameters, such as the Gibbs free energy change and process enthalpy and entropy. It has been revealed that the adsorption of the studied compounds occurs as a spontaneous exothermal process.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 4","pages":"319 - 331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145168947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Correlations between Water Quality Indicators in the Dnipro River Basin Due to Climate Changes and Anthropogenic Load","authors":"Yu. A. Onanko,&nbsp;Ya. B. Mosiichuk,&nbsp;A. B. Mosiichuk,&nbsp;Yu. V. Bilous","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25040058","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25040058","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The analysis of correlations between the quality indicators of water resources is carried out for the Dnipro River representing a strategic water resource of Ukraine as an example. The studies show an increase in the concentrations of contaminants, such as ammonium ions, nitrates, nitrites, and chlorides due to excessive water discharge and climate changes. In particular, significant distinctions in the dynamics of water quality indicators on the left and right banks of the Kremenchuk Reservoir are observed to evidence a nonuniform character of load on the water resources. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of climate changes and anthropogenic load on the quality indicators of surface water in the Kremenchuk Reservoir. Mathematic modeling by means of regression analysis, statistical data processing, and analysis of trends in water quality indicators for the period from 2016 to 2024 are performed. It has been revealed that most of the studied indicators do not correspond to the normal distribution law due to a complex effect of climatic and anthropogenic factors. Correlation analysis results evidence that temperature cycle has an essential effect on the organic water parameters and the seasonal character of their change. At the same time, chlorides and dissolved oxygen remain stable and independent of temperature fluctuations. The conclusions of this papers emphasize importance of adaption to European standards, introduction of advanced water treatment methods, and reformation in the water supply and sewage infractructure. A key problem in attaining the sustainable development and European integration goals of Ukraine is to preserve the qualitative state of water resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 4","pages":"411 - 419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145168959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Technologies for Treating Highly Concentrated Dairy Industry Wastewater","authors":"V. A. Kovalchuk,&nbsp;O. M. Kvartenko,&nbsp;A. V. Lysytsya","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25040046","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25040046","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The adoption of water-saving technologies in dairy industry facilities has created a challenge in effectively treating their high-strength wastewater. One approach to addressing this issue involves the implementation of integrated treatment technologies. This study aimed to identify the most effective wastewater pretreatment solutions for discharge into municipal sewer systems or natural water bodies. We analyzed current methods and technologies for treating high-strength effluents generated by dairy plants, proposed, and experimentally validated the performance of a custom-designed aeration-settling tank with increased hydraulic height and jet aeration for use at dairy wastewater treatment facilities. For high-strength effluents with chemical oxygen demand (COD) values ranging from 2000 to 5000 mg/dm³, where discharge into municipal sewer systems is intended, the proposed technology and proprietary infrastructure proved suitable. These include flotation-settling tanks and aeration-settling tanks with increased hydraulic height (6–10 m) equipped with surface jet aeration. When discharging into natural water bodies, a two-stage biological treatment process is necessary, utilizing the same aeration tank configuration followed by post-treatment through polystyrene-based filtration systems. Field testing of the proposed system demonstrated its capacity to increase the concentration of activated sludge in the aeration zone to 5–6 g/dm³ and to efficiently separate sludge mixtures. This results in high oxidative capacity of the treatment infrastructure, with COD removal rates reaching up to 2200 g/(m³ day), and enables effective nitrogen compound removal via simultaneous biological nitrification−denitrification. This is achieved by forming an aerobic zone in the upper part and an anoxic (anaerobic) zone in the lower part of the unit. The authors also investigated the flocculating and disinfecting properties of polyhexamethylene guanidine salts, confirming their applicability at various stages of wastewater treatment. These compounds neutralize potentially harmful microorganisms, promote the sedimentation of suspended solids, and eliminate residual odors and coloration. Based on these findings, the authors propose a treatment technology for high-strength dairy wastewater (COD 2000–5000 mg/dm³) that combines physical and biological methods. This integrated approach ensures efficient treatment before discharge into either municipal sewer systems or open water bodies.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 4","pages":"362 - 379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145168414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Natural Water Resources in the Dniester River Basin for Fishery Purposes","authors":"V. V. Chobotar,&nbsp;V. A. Kopilevych,&nbsp;O. O. Kravchenko","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25040010","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25040010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Anthropogenic pressure alters the hydrochemical regime of surface water sources, thereby degrading water quality and limiting its suitability for aquaculture. This issue underscores the critical need for continuous monitoring and comprehensive environmental assessment of surface water quality in aquaculture contexts. The present study aims to evaluate seasonal fluctuations—during spring and autumn—in the water quality index (WQI) of surface water sources within the Mohyliv-Podilskyi district of Vinnytsia oblast. The analysis focuses on the Kotlubaivka River basin, a left-bank tributary of the Dniester River, and the Dniester River itself, both upstream and downstream of the municipal wastewater treatment facilities operated by the municipal enterprise “Vodokanal” utility (Mohyliv-Podilskyi). This region exemplifies areas vulnerable to surface water contamination due to intensive agricultural practices, affecting rivers and ponds that are otherwise suitable for fish farming. The WQI was determined based on analytical measurements of hydrochemical parameters, including dissolved oxygen, pH, total (bicarbonate) alkalinity, total mineralization, nitrate concentration, and ammonium nitrogen. During the spring season, water samples from all five sampling points exhibited WQI values corresponding to the Good category. In contrast, in the autumn season, the water sample from Kotlubaivka River fell under the Satisfactory category, while the remaining samples remained Good. These findings indicate that spatial and seasonal variability in hydrochemical parameters significantly constrains the suitability of aquatic environments for aquacultural use.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 4","pages":"404 - 410"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145168956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radioecological Estimation of Okchuchay and Basitchay River Basins in Zangilan Region of Azerbaijan","authors":"F. Y. Humbatov,&nbsp;H. A. Nejati Solut,&nbsp;G. F. Aslanova,&nbsp;V. S. Balayev","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25040034","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25040034","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The purpose of this study is to perform a comprehensive radioecological assessment of Okchuchay and Basitchay rivers in Zangilan region of Azerbaijan. The main objective of the article and research is to assess the level of radioactive contamination, as well as the amount of heavy metal pollutants and organochlorine pesticides in water, sediment and soil samples taken from these major transboundary rivers, which are important for agriculture and drinking water. Samples were taken from six zones of Zangilan region. Laboratory analyzes were performed using gamma spectrometry for radionuclides, atomic absorption spectrometry for heavy metals, and gas chromatography for pesticide residues. The study used rigorous sampling and analytical procedures to ensure accurate and reliable data. Additionally, the parameters of the water samples collected were measured using appropriate devices, and all the results are presented in tables. This study highlights the urgent need for effective environmental management and restoration strategies to address pollution in the Okchuchay and Basitchay basins. Urgent measures must be taken to reduce pollution and protect the health of ecosystems and local populations that depend on these water resources. It is important to implement complex monitoring and remediation programs for sustainable environmental management in Zangilan region.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 4","pages":"380 - 389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145168245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Titanium on Photodegradation and Antimicrobial Properties of ZnO","authors":"K. Srinivasarao,&nbsp;Shweta Verma,&nbsp;B. Tirumala Rao,&nbsp;A. V. N. Ashok Kumar","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25030087","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25030087","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Photocatalysts are emerging as promising materials for various photolytic chemical reactions for the applications ranging from fuel generation to pollutant degradation. In this study, we synthesized ZnO and Ti doped ZnO (Ti:ZnO) nanoparticles using sol-gel method with 2–12.8 at % in ZnO. The chemical composition and optical response of the nanoparticles were studied using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) respectively. The morphological and crystalline properties of the nanoparticles were characterised using high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) respectively. The role of Ti doping on crystallinity, photocatalytic response and anti-microbial activity is addressed. Using ZnO nanoparticles, degradation rate constant of Methylene Blue (MB) about 4.6 × 10^–2 min^–1 occurred which was found to increase by 20% for 12.8% Ti in Ti:ZnO photocatalyst. For other Ti dopant concentrations, the degradation rate constant decreased due to lower crystallite size with higher grain boundaries leading to charge carrier recombination and suppressed formation of reactive oxygen species. By addition of varying concentration of isopropyl alcohol, the suppressed degradation process revealed the role of hydroxyl radicals in this low power UV light assisted photocatalysis. This was further confirmed with controlled experiments through generation of photoluminescence in terephthalic acid induced by the hydroxyl radicals. Ti:ZnO nanoparticles also showed significant anti-bacterial activity towards the Gram-positive (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>) and Gram-negative (<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Klebsella pneumonia</i>) organisms. In addition, these nanoparticles also showed remarkable activity against fungi <i>Candida albicans</i> and <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> due to their greater surface area leading to generation of hydrogen peroxide. This study reveals the role of grain size in dye degradation process and anti-bacterial activity. The Ti:ZnO nanoparticles obtained using a simple and scalable synthesis route are highly efficient photocatalyst material and anti-microbial agent for application of waste water treatment in industrial effluents and bacterial killing.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 3","pages":"227 - 240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Quality of Groundwater and Its Purification Using Gravity Filtration and Natural Adsorbents","authors":"O. Yu. Kulishenko,&nbsp;S. V. Grechanik,&nbsp;S. K. Smolin,&nbsp;N. A. Klymenko,&nbsp;V. T. Ostapenko","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25030038","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25030038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study of water quality in private wells within the Kyiv region has evaluated the feasibility of using a gravity-fed adsorption filter for producing potable water. The filter medium consists of a natural adsorbent, zeolite (clinoptilolite), along with two types of activated carbon: Filtrasorb 300 and biochar, the latter synthesized through an innovative process from renewable plant-based feedstock. Experimental results obtained under irregular household filtration dynamics demonstrate a significant influence of biosorption on water purification. The filter effectively controls water color and turbidity, and efficiently removes total organic carbon, as well as nitrogen and iron compounds, but has a limited effect on overall salt concentration. The operational lifespan of the dual-layer medium, comprising zeolite and activated carbon, ranges from three to four weeks and is governed by microbial activity and the formation of mineral-biological purification films within the filtration layers, which correspond to the composition of the influent water. The gravity-fed, non-pressurized filter is recommended for temporary individual or group use in field conditions, as well as for short-term periods when access to drinking water of sanitary quality is unavailable due to anthropogenic or other force majeure circumstances.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 3","pages":"306 - 318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction of Methylene Blue on the Functionalized Hybrid Mg/Fe Layered Double Hydroxide—A Kinetic and Thermodynamic Interpretation","authors":"Mir Tamzid Rahman,&nbsp;Md. Rabiul Islam,&nbsp;Md. Lutfor Rahman,&nbsp;Farzana Rahman,&nbsp; Abdullah-Al-Mamun,&nbsp;Nahid Sharmin,&nbsp;Md. Mahbubul Bashar","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25030051","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25030051","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The escalating presence of harmful dyes in industrial wastewater is a critical issue, with textiles, food, paper, and pharmaceutical industries identified major contributors. This study enhances the adsorption capabilities of Mg/Fe layered double hydroxide (LDH), a recognized adsorbent, by incorporating jute charcoal. Resulting hybrid, created with a 3 : 1 Mg/Fe molar ratio using co-precipitation, proves more efficient in removing Methylene Blue (MB) dye than pristine Mg/Fe LDH. Described by the Freundlich model, the hybrid displays a higher <i>K</i> value (0.87) than Mg/Fe LDH (0.13), indicating enhanced adsorption capacity. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model identifies chemisorption as the rate-determining step. Across temperatures (10 to 60°C), equilibrium MB removal reaches 343–454 µmol/g (Mg/Fe LDH) and 528–666 µmol/g (hybrid Mg/Fe LDH). The activation energy is significantly lower for the hybrid (18.63 kJ/mol) than Mg/Fe LDH (111.33 kJ/mol), signaling a favorable process. The hybrid’s efficacy in MB removal is attributed to π–π interactions, cation–π interactions, H-bonding, and electrostatic forces. Spontaneous adsorption is confirmed by negative ∆<i>G</i>° values (–5.5 to –9.69 kJ/mol for Mg/Fe LDH and –4.7 to –5.5 kJ/mol for the hybrid), exothermic reactions (∆<i>H</i>° values –5.5, –8.5 kJ/mol), and increased disorderliness (∆<i>S</i>° values 7.39, 11.71 kJ/molK), underscoring the hybrid’s potential in combating textile pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 3","pages":"213 - 226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}