Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy Evaluation of Two Plant Macrophytes in a Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland for Domestic Wastewater Treatment","authors":"Khemissi Yahiaoui,&nbsp;Toufik Masmoudi,&nbsp;Mansoura Benakcha","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25030099","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25030099","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Constructed wetlands are engineered systems, constructed and designed to employ the natural functions of emerging macrophytes, soils, and microbial populations to remove multiple contaminants from raw wastewater to reduce environmental deterioration and increase water availability by improving the wastewater quality. To practically develop artificial wetlands in Algeria and especially in the Saharan zone with an arid climate, locally available macrophyte species (<i>Phragmites australis</i> and <i>Acacia</i>) were tested. To evaluate the treatment efficiency of each macrophyte and especially <i>Acacia</i> in this arid region compared to the control, the experiments were carried out for 3 months (February, March, and April) with measurements taken at the beginning of each month for untreated water and every 10 days for treated water. Therefore, the main objective of this review article is to judge the performance of two aquatic plants (<i>Phragmites australis</i> and <i>Acacia</i>) regarding the domestic wastewater pollutants removal under arid climate conditions. It was found in the work that the wastewater treatment efficacy of the two aquatic macrophytes was very remarkable. The overall results show that the pH values recorded before and after treatment are lower than the limit values of Algerian discharge standards and the World Health Organization (WHO) standards (8.5). The electrical conductivity (EC) values recorded in treated water strongly exceed those before treatment. The bed grown with <i>Phragmite australis</i> achieves the highest oxygen concentration (4.29 mg/L) as compared to the <i>Acacia</i> filter (1.97 mg/L) and even to raw wastewater (1.28 mg/L). Obtained findings also indicated that <i>Phragmites australis</i> donated the upmost achieving the highest removal rate for biological oxygen demand (BOD₅) (97%). Additionally, it showed superior removal efficiency for total nitrogen (TN) (89%) and total phosphorus (TP) (99.65%) in domestic wastewater samples, compared to the <i>Acacia</i> plant, which exhibited removal rates of 95.26, 96.79, 87.7, and 99.38% for the same parameters, respectively. The unplanted bed (no plants), on the other hand, showed lower removal efficiencies of 91.58, 95.46, 72.60, and 95.50% for the same parameters, respectively. The higher performance in removing TN after wastewater treatment may be due to the absorption of nitrates (<span>({text{NO}}_{3}^{ - })</span>) and ammonium (<span>({text{NH}}_{4}^{ + })</span>) by macrophyte plants for the growth of their tissues. On the other hand, total suspended solids (TSS) removal, the <i>Acacia</i> filter showed the greater removal percentage compared to that found via the <i>Phragmite australis</i> bed and unplanted filter respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 3","pages":"281 - 290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biotransformation of Hexavalent Chromium from Wastewater Using Bacillus firmus","authors":"Pragatisheel,&nbsp;Abhishek Kumar,&nbsp;Leela Manohar Aeshala,&nbsp;Tapas Palai","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X2503004X","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X2503004X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chromium is an element present in the Earth’s crust that acts as an impurity in food, water, soil and air and causes benign effects on the human body. Among the various oxidation states, the hexavalent form has higher toxicity, higher solubility in water, and higher mobility in soil. The maximum recommended permissible limit of Cr in drinking water is 0.01 mg/L by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), whereas 0.05 mg/L by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and World Health Organization (WHO). Several physical and chemical methods have been developed for the removal of chromium from contaminated water. In most techniques, there is a higher chance of re-contamination after the disposal of generated sludge. In this study, <i>Bacillus firmus</i> has been exploited for in-situ bioremediation of hexavalent chromium (Cr⁶⁺) from wastewater under batch mode. The effects of operating conditions such as pH, initial concentration, centrifugation rate (rpm), external carbon, and nitrogen sources were investigated. The maximum Cr⁶⁺ conversion of 99.9% was obtained at 0.5 and 1 mg/L initial concentration, pH 7, 30°C, and 120 rpm. Dextrose was found to be the potential C source for enhancing microbial growth and efficient conversion at higher Cr⁶⁺ concentrations. Furthermore, living and dead biomass revealed a comparatively high biosorption of 18.3% at 100 mg/L Cr⁶⁺ concentration.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 3","pages":"271 - 280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technology for the Production of Energy Syngas from Wastewater Sludges","authors":"Yu. I. Yaremko,&nbsp;Z. S. Sirko","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25030105","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25030105","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, scientifically substantiated recommendations on the technological processing and utilization of wastewater sludges for the production of energy resources are formulated. The analysis of earlier studies shows that sludges contain mineral, organic, and bacterial origin contaminants of different composition in the form of solutions, colloids, and floating and suspended compounds. It is demonstrated that the removal of sludges is one of the most urgent environmental problems associated with the propagation of bacteria, which have a negative effect on the environment, people, animals, and plants. The most attractive alternative to sludge utilization is the production of energy syngas from it. The objective of studies is to develop an innovative technology for the production of energy syngas from wastewater sludges. Some characteristics of initial materials and equipment used for investigations are given. A syngas production process flowchart based on a patented setup with two screw retorts from a catalytically active material is proposed to optimize the temperature regimes of outer sludge heating from 200 to 850°C. The setup provides the production of multicomponent energy syngas at atmospheric pressure without air access with a conversion of 90% and a calorific value of 3300–3600 kcal/m³ to be superior to the known technologies of gasification at the same temperatures and pressure. The developed technology for the production of energy syngas from wastewater sludges results in syngas of increased calorific value due to gas generator elements providing rational temperature regimes for the chemical destruction reactions of sludges with an increased humidity. The combination of fuel gas and steam generation processes results in a high degree of sludge gasification with the formation of syngas with an increased calorific value due to acceleration of chemical reactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 3","pages":"299 - 305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research of Water Preparation Process for Hot Water Supply Systems Using CL-Anionization Method","authors":"G. H. Feyziyeva,&nbsp;R. T. Ismayilov,&nbsp;A. M. Jalilova","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25030014","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25030014","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The research results on a new technology for preparing water for hot water supply by chloro-anionization are presented. According to this technology, water for treatment is passed through a high-base anionite in chlorine form and regenerated by a NaCl solution. In the treated water, the concentrations of Cl⁻ and OH⁻ ions are reduced while maintaining the amount of water hardness cations necessary for the healthy development of the human body. The mathematical experimental design was used to obtain expressions which determine the working exchange capacity of A200EMBCl anionites. The results include the successful implementation of this technology at a system of 6 m³/h performance in Baku. The World Health Organization (WHO) does not set strict requirements for total water hardness levels. However, based on research conducted in various countries over the past 50 years, WHO recommends keeping both the maximum (≤7 g-eq/m³) and minimum hardness levels within the range of 2–4 g-eq/m³. This is because consuming softened or desalinated water can lead to serious health issues. WHO also states that even in developed countries, the intake of hardness cations, including those found in food, is not sufficient to support normal human development. For the first time, the technology developed in this study was implemented at the Azerbaijan Diplomatic Academy (Baku, Azerbaijan Republic) in a drinking water treatment system with a capacity of 6 m³/h. In this system, water is passed through a 400 mm diameter filter loaded with A200EMBCl anionite, with a layer height of 1 m, and equipped with an automatic control valve of Clack WS1 type. The average alkalinity of the treated fresh water, with its initial value of 4.4 g-eq/m³, was decreased to be within the range of 1.8–2.2 g-eq/m³. The working exchange capacity of anionite absorption for <span>({text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - })</span> ions, with a specific consumption of NaCl for regeneration between 45–55 kg/m³, falls within the range of 300–370 g-eq/m³, which conforms well with the data from laboratory research. According to operational data, the formation of scale in hot water heaters has been prevented. There were even observations of pipe cleaning from the existing scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 3","pages":"253 - 258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a High-Rate Biological System for the Complete Treatment (Nitrification) of Low Strength Wastewater","authors":"M. Ramesh,&nbsp;T. R. Sreekrishnan,&nbsp;M. Goel,&nbsp;J. S. Sudarsan,&nbsp;S. Nithiyanantham","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25030063","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25030063","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Low strength wastewaters (LSW) are those that have a chemical oxygen demand COD &lt; 1000 mg/L. Nitrogen and phosphorus are the major nutrients present in LSW in addition to the organic carbon. The present study was undertaken to develop an optimal combined treatment system for removing nitrogen from LSW at high hydraulic loading rates as there are hardly any reports on the same. The biological removal of carbon in LSW has been studied in detail earlier using the anaerobic hybrid reactor (HR) and activated sludge process (ASP). The biological nitrogen removal was studied through the conventional route of nitrification process. The effect of different operational parameters was studied to optimize the nitrification in rotating biological contactor (RBC) and aerobic HR. RBC showed better nitrification rate over aerobic HR.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 3","pages":"259 - 270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isothermal Adsorption of the Products of Nonionic Surfactants Ozonolysis on Activated Charcoal","authors":"S. K. Smolin,&nbsp;Yu. O. Shvadchina,&nbsp;V. F. Vakulenko,&nbsp;L. V. Nevinna","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25030075","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25030075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The overwhelming majority of commercial nonionic surfactants (NIS) represent a mixture of many chemically related compounds, a number of which and some metabolites are resistant to biochemical assimilation and pose a serious threat to living organisms. The degree and efficiency of their removal from water can be increased by combining destructive adsorption methods in water treatment systems, in which the preliminary partial chemical oxidation of resistant compounds leads to the formation of products capable of efficient adsorption and microbial assimilation in an activated carbon (AC) bed at subsequent purification stages. For resistant organic impurities, the degree of their transformation at the previous stage of chemical oxidation is an important technological parameter, which essentially influences the combined water treatment efficiency. Using the “conditional component” method, the effect of the degree of primary NIS (Triton X-100, OP-10) destruction by ozone itself or ozone in combination with UV radiation on the adsorption energy of newly formed mixtures of their decomposition products on activated carbon was studied under isothermal adsorption conditions. The decrease in the equilibrium adsorption values ​​of the reaction mixtures and the change in the molar Gibbs free energy of the adsorption system were estimated with the decomposition of the aromatic ring of NIS in the range of 30–88%. A rational regime without long-term treatment and high specific ozone consumption was proposed for the preliminary oxidation of the studied NIS to increase the bioassimilated organic carbon fraction without absorption system capacity losses.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 3","pages":"241 - 252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Ecotoxicological Impacts of Pharmaceutical Pollution in Aquatic Environments: A Review","authors":"V. F. Kovalenko,&nbsp;A. M. Sova","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25030026","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25030026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The rapid advancement of medical science has increased the availability and use of pharmaceutical products. Consequently, pharmaceutical compounds contaminate natural water bodies, raising concerns in global environmental policy. This study examines various types and pathways of aquatic pollution, highlighting the health and ecological risks associated with wastewater discharge into surface waters. When excessive concentrations of contaminants enter rivers, they can alter biodegradation dynamics, reduce aquatic biodiversity, and consequently impair the natural self-purification capacity of water bodies. The study also underscores the importance of monitoring wastewater treatment efficiency through bioindication and biotesting methods. Contemporary scientific research focuses not only on the toxicity of pharmaceuticals but also on their transformation and degradation processes, which remain largely unexplored in terms of their characterization, presence, fate, and effects in natural environments. These findings demonstrate that the environmental risks associated with pharmaceutical compounds and their metabolites should not be overlooked.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 3","pages":"291 - 298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Lead Ions Based on Backward Light Scattering Technique","authors":"Rui Yuan,&nbsp;Huachun Li,&nbsp;Kejun Tan,&nbsp;Qiuju Zhou,&nbsp;Fei Wu,&nbsp;Zhen Cheng","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25020092","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25020092","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This work presents a novel analytical method for detecting lead ions (Pb(II)) based on backward light scattering (BLS). The BLS intensity was significantly enhanced by the formation of ion-association complexes between ciprofloxacin (CIP), Congo Red (CR), and Pb(II) through electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic interaction in a Britton−Robinson (BR) buffer solution at pH 4.56. The maximum BLS peak was observed at 399 nm. The BLS intensity showed a linear relationship with Pb(II) concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 60.0 μM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 50 nM. Studies on the BLS spectrum, absorption characteristics, and reaction mechanism were conducted, and optimal reaction conditions as well as the impact of interfering substances were investigated. This method was successfully applied to the determination of Pb(II) in environmental water samples, achieving recoveries between 91 and 104%, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤ 4.7%. The proposed BLS method offers rapid analysis, high sensitivity, environmental friendliness, and good stability, providing a theoretical basis for real-time, online monitoring of lead ions using BLS technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 2","pages":"159 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Kinetics of Copper Leaching from Solid Electroplating Sludge","authors":"R. Ye. Klischenko,&nbsp;R. D. Chebotar’ova,&nbsp;S. V. Remez","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25020055","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25020055","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the process of wastewater treatment from electroplating industries, solid residues containing compounds of Fe, Cu, Ni, Zn, and other metals are generated. To determine the optimal leaching conditions for metals and identify the limiting stage of the process, an experimental study of the leaching kinetics was conducted, focusing on key technological parameters—temperature and the concentration of reacting substances. The kinetic parameters of the reaction were investigated using electroplating sludge containing up to 50% Fe compounds, 9.6% Cu compounds, ~1% Zn compounds, 0.5% Ni compounds, and less than 0.1% Cr, Pb, Cd, Mg, and Ca compounds. Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) with concentrations ranging from 0.15 to 0.75 M was used as the leaching reagent, in significant excess relative to the metal content. The process was carried out at a pH of the equilibrium solution that limits the dissolution of iron compounds and allows only the dissolution of nonferrous metal compounds. The concentration of copper in the leaching solution reached 17.8–18.1 g/dm³.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 2","pages":"124 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solid Phase Extraction of Cesium and Strontium Radionuclides Using Zeolite Packed Column","authors":"Rajesh Kumar,&nbsp;Shankar Lal Jat,&nbsp;Deepesh Patidar,&nbsp;Prashant Vasistha","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25020067","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25020067","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Radionuclides contaminated water is a serious issue for human beings and ecological systems. In particular, they cause various types of cancers and mutagenic affects. Removal of radionuclides from contaminated water is a challenging task, since efficient and cost-effective materials are required for extraction of radionuclides from water. Under this objective, modified zeolite beads (MZBs) were prepared and characterized. The beads were evaluated for extracting of cesium (Cs) and strontium (Sr) from contaminated water using column method. Breakthrough capacity (BC), total capacity (TC) and column efficiency (CE) obtained for Cs were 0.167, 0.279 g/g and 59.75% respectively. BC, TC and CE for obtained for Sr were 0.153, 0.239 g/g and 64.4% respectively. Based on these results, MZBs column can be used as radionuclides removal cartridge in water purifiers.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 2","pages":"115 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}