Journal of Superhard Materials最新文献

{"title":"Properties of Titanium Carbonitride TiCN Coatings Obtained by Vacuum Arc Deposition","authors":"S. A. Klymenko,&nbsp;S. V. Lytovchenko,&nbsp;S. An. Klymenko,&nbsp;A. S. Manokhin,&nbsp;M. Y. Kopeykina,&nbsp;A. O. Chumak,&nbsp;Y. O. Melnychuk","doi":"10.3103/S1063457624030055","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063457624030055","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A comprehensive study is performed on the effect of vacuum arc conditions on the formation of TiCN coatings, specifically focusing on parameters such as the bias potential applied to the substrate, nitrogen partial pressure, and the composition of the C₂H₂–N₂ gas mixture. Our investigation encompassed analyses of the coatings’ chemical composition, structure (lattice parameter, texture factor, orientation, grain size, level of microstrains), and mechanical properties (microhardness, adhesion strength indicators, and coefficient of friction). The results reveal that the coatings predominantly exhibit a polycrystalline nature and possess a cubic B1-NaCl structure, characterized by visible diffraction peaks in the range of 2θ from 30° to 80°, corresponding to reflections (111), (200), (220), and (222). The lattice parameter of TiN was found to increase from 0.4291 to 0.4301 nm with variations in the concentration of C₂H₂, while the texture coefficient concurrently increased from 5.91 to 5.97. The hardness of the coatings at a bias potential <i>U</i>_bias = –200 V exhibited variation from 31.7 to 33.9 GPa, depending on the C/N ratio. Variations in the elemental composition of the coatings led to changes in adhesion strength, with failure occurring at a load <i>F</i> = 62.1 N. The coefficient of friction was measured at μ = 0.45 under these conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Superhard Materials","volume":"46 3","pages":"204 - 211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141569978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helical Milling of Small Holes in Fully-Sintered Zirconia Ceramic with PCD Tools","authors":"Jinpeng He,&nbsp;Xiang Cheng,&nbsp;Junfeng Zhang,&nbsp;Chuanzhi Luo,&nbsp;Guangming Zheng,&nbsp;Yang Li,&nbsp;Mingze Tang","doi":"10.3103/S1063457624030043","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063457624030043","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fully-sintered zirconia ceramic (ZrO₂) is a typical hard-to-machine material, and fabricating small holes in this material with high precision remains a challenging task. In this study, the PCD tools and helical milling process are used to investigate this problem. First, a finite element model is established, and cutting simulations with variable thickness are carried out to identify the effect of axial depth of cut on cutting force and surface quality. The range of milling parameters for single-factor experiments is also preliminarily determined. Second, taking the milling force (<i>F</i>) as the evaluation index, single-factor experiments of small hole helical milling are carried out using a PCD tools to determine the range of milling parameters (spindle speed <i>n</i>, feed per tooth <i>f</i>_z and axial depth of cut <i>a</i>_p) for orthogonal experiments. Then, orthogonal experiments are carried out, with inner hole surface roughness (<i>R</i>_a) and crack width at the hole entrance (Δ_<i>w</i>) taken as the evaluation indexes of machining effectiveness. The rake face wear band width (<i>V</i>_A) and the flank face wear band width (<i>V</i>_B) are taken as the evaluation indexes of the PCD milling cutter wear. Through nonlinear regression analysis and the range analysis are performed to construct nonlinear models and obtain the influence laws of milling parameters for <i>R</i>_a, Δ_<i>w</i>, <i>V</i>_A and <i>V</i>_B evaluation indexes, respectively. Finally, the optimal combination of parameters obtained from the analysis is analyzed for small hole optimization experiments, obtaining better <i>R</i>_a, narrower Δ_<i>w</i>, and longer tool service life. The obtained results provide several technical guidelines for milling small holes in Fully-sintered zirconia ceramics with PCD tools.</p>","PeriodicalId":670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Superhard Materials","volume":"46 3","pages":"221 - 237"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141569980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Diamond Grinding Powders with Combined Coatings on Diamond Grain Surfaces in Abrasive Tools","authors":"V. I. Lavrinenko,&nbsp;V. G. Poltoratskyi,&nbsp;O. O. Pasichnyi,&nbsp;V. Yu. Solod","doi":"10.3103/S1063457624030067","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063457624030067","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A technological process has been developed for forming coatings on the surface of diamond grains using two and three components: soluble boron oxide (B₂O₃) and insoluble aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) or insoluble carbide (B₄C, SiC, TiC). To achieve guaranteed increases in the wear resistance of diamond wheels when grinding hard alloys, it is necessary to apply a coating of boron oxide and boron carbide (B₂O₃ + B₄C) to the surface of the diamond grains. The positive effect of such a coating on the surface of the diamond grains is more pronounced under increased force and heat loads in the grinding zone. The holding capacity of the processed rough surface in terms of the <i>t</i>50 support surface curve parameter is preferable when the surface of diamond grains in diamond powder wheels AS6 125/100 is coated with a mixture of B₂O₃ + B₄C. Thus, for diamond grains, considering both the wear resistance of diamond wheels and surface roughness parameters, it is recommended to use diamond grains with a surface coating of B₂O₃ + B₄C in wheels for grinding hard alloys.</p>","PeriodicalId":670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Superhard Materials","volume":"46 3","pages":"238 - 243"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141569981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic Calculation of the Al–B–N Phase Diagram at Pressures up to 9 GPa","authors":"V. Z. Turkevich,&nbsp;M. P. Bezhenar,&nbsp;A. M. Patsyk,&nbsp;D. V. Turkevych","doi":"10.3103/S1063457624030109","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063457624030109","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aluminum–boron–nitrogen phase diagram is calculated at a pressure from 0.1 MPa to 9 GPa by the models of phenomenological thermodynamics in the Thermo-Calc software package with interaction parameters from literature data and equation of states for competing phases. The comparison of our calculation results with the experimental studies of the phase composition of polycrystalline boron nitride samples sintered ay high pressures and temperatures shows their agreement.</p>","PeriodicalId":670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Superhard Materials","volume":"46 3","pages":"163 - 168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141569973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the ZrO2 Content on the Strength Characteristics of the Matrix Material of Cdiamond–(WC–Co) Composites Synthesized by Spark Plasma Sintering","authors":"B. T. Ratov,&nbsp;E. Hevorkian,&nbsp;V. A. Mechnik,&nbsp;N. A. Bondarenko,&nbsp;V. M. Kolodnitskyi,&nbsp;T. O. Prikhna,&nbsp;V. E. Moshchil,&nbsp;V. P. Nerubaskyi,&nbsp;A. B. Kalzhanova,&nbsp;R. U. Bayamirova,&nbsp;A. R. Togasheva,&nbsp;M. D. Sarbopeeva","doi":"10.3103/S1063457624030079","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063457624030079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract</b>—For structurally homotypical specimens different in the ZrO₂ content from the (94WC–6Co) + ZrO₂ matrix material used in diamond-containing С_diamond–(WC–Co) composites formed by spark plasma sintering, the dependences of the relative density ρ_rel, the ultimate strength under compression <i>R</i>_<i>cm</i> and bending <i>R</i>_<i>bm</i>, the microhardness <i>Н</i>_<i>V</i>, and the fracture toughness <i>K</i>_<i>Iс</i> on the zirconia content have been established. The addition of 6 wt % zirconia to the WC–6Co composite leads to an increase in the relative density from 0.948 to 0.990, the ultimate compression strength <i>R</i>_<i>cm</i> from 4950 ± 110 to 5600 ± 120 MPa, the ultimate bending strength <i>R</i>_<i>bm</i> from 1935 ± 80 to 2660 ± 115 MPa, and the fracture toughness <i>K</i>_<i>Iс</i> from 13.8 ± 0.71 to 16.9 ± 0.76 MPa m^0.5 at a slight decrease in hardness (from 15.9 ± 0.72 to 15.1 ± 0.33 GPa). Such values are caused by the decrease of main WC phase grains in size with tetragonal <i>t</i>-ZrO₂ phase transformation and, correspondingly, by the growing role of transformation strengthening mechanism and the active action of inner mechanical compressive microstresses. When the ZrO₂ additive to the WC–6Co composite is increased to 10%, the parameters ρ_rel, <i>R</i>_<i>cm</i>, <i>R</i>_<i>bm</i>, and <i>K</i>_<i>Iс</i> are gradually decreased. At the same time, the material at the indentor imprint edge begins to destruct, and crack propagate in a chaotic way. It has been revealed that the properties ρ_rel, <i>R</i>_<i>cm</i>, <i>R</i>_<i>bm</i>, and <i>K</i>_<i>Ic</i> are worsened at a zirconia nanopowder content above 6 wt % in the WC–Co composite due to the formation of agglomerates during the mixing of components, their separation under sintering, and the formation of micropores and microcracks.</p>","PeriodicalId":670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Superhard Materials","volume":"46 3","pages":"175 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141569974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Diamond/Metallic Film Interface and Valence Electron Structure Analysis of Diamond Growth","authors":"Bin Tian,&nbsp;Wenyang Wang,&nbsp;Yong Xu,&nbsp;Zhenxing Liu,&nbsp;Ruichao Ge","doi":"10.3103/S1063457624030092","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063457624030092","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The diamond/metallic film interface has been studied using transmission electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. This interface is significant in the graphite/diamond transition procedure, where a metallic film from the Fe–Ni–C system covers the diamond during its growth at high pressure and high temperature. It is reveals that the metallic film interface consists of γ-(Fe,Ni) and orthorhombic Fe₃C, with γ-(Fe,Ni) present in tetragonal shapes whose exposed surfaces are likely to be (001) crystal surfaces. Furthermore, the valence electron structures of Fe₃C, γ-(Fe,Ni), and diamond were calculated, and the relative electron density differences of diamond growth interfaces were analyzed using the empirical electron theory of solid and molecules. It is found that the relative electron density differences of Fe₃C/diamond interfaces are continuous at the first order of approximation, indicating that the carbon atoms decomposing from Fe₃C can be transformed into diamond structure. Additionally, the relative electron density differences of γ-(Fe,Ni)/Fe₃C interfaces were found to be continuous. Therefore, it is suggested that carbon atoms for diamond growth may come from the decomposition of Fe₃C, while γ-(Fe,Ni) serves as a catalytic phase to promote the decomposition of Fe₃C.</p>","PeriodicalId":670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Superhard Materials","volume":"46 3","pages":"169 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141569979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sputtering Coating on the Surface of Diamond Particles Using High Temperature Generated by Thermal Explosion Reaction","authors":"Baoyan Liang,&nbsp;Yitong Luo,&nbsp;Wangxi Zhang,&nbsp;Jizhou Zhang,&nbsp;Mingli Jiao","doi":"10.3103/S106345762403002X","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S106345762403002X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A new method of coating diamond particles was proposed in this paper, that is, using the high temperature generated by the thermal explosion reaction to induce the sublimation of volatile substances in the raw material and then deposit them on the surface of diamond particles to form one coating. The thermal explosion reaction of Mo/Al/B₂O₃ system was selected as an example. Results showed the high temperature generated by the thermal explosion reaction may induce a certain amount of Al volatilization. Al was deposited on the surface of diamond particles and reacted with trace oxygen in the environment to form Al₂O₃. Thus, Al–Al₂O₃ composite was coated on the surface of diamond particles.</p>","PeriodicalId":670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Superhard Materials","volume":"46 3","pages":"197 - 203"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141569976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Properties of Cast Tungsten Carbide and Peculiarities of Its Preparation in a Low-Temperature Plasma under Gas Pressure","authors":"A. M. Stepanchuk,&nbsp;I. V. Andreiev,&nbsp;S. Y. Teslia","doi":"10.3103/S1063457624030080","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063457624030080","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For cast tungsten carbide, the conditions of preparation in an arc furnace with a consumable electrode under different pressures (up to 9 MPa) in the working chamber have been studied. It has been shown that tungsten carbide decomposes under melting to form a product composed of WC and W₂C phases and free carbon. The results of studying the integral microhardness, grain crush strength, wear resistance, and abrasivity, which grow for carbides synthesized at a higher gas pressure, are presented. It has been shown that the composition of the product and, therefore, its properties can be controlled by varying the tungsten carbide melting conditions. Based on the behavior of refractory compounds at supermelting temperatures, an explanation is given to the obtained results, and a mechanism is proposed for the formation of the structure and properties of tungsten monocarbide melted in a low-temperature plasma.</p>","PeriodicalId":670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Superhard Materials","volume":"46 3","pages":"187 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141569975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Material Removal Rate in Polishing Polymethylmethacrylate Parts","authors":"Yu. D. Filatov","doi":"10.3103/S1063457624030031","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063457624030031","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The investigation into the mechanism of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) polishing using dispersed systems of micro- and nanoparticles of polishing powders revealed that the formation of slurry particles in the processed material is driven by Förster resonance energy transfer between the energy levels of the polishing powder particles and the processed material. This transfer occurs within the open microcavity created by the surfaces of the processed material and the polishing powder particles, in a multimode regime. The material removal rate during PMMA polishing is determined by the combined coefficients of volumetric wear and the total lifetime of the excited states of clusters on the processed surface, along with the resulting quality factor of the resonator at all allowed frequencies of the discrete spectrum. The results of the theoretical calculation of the material removal rate during PMMA polishing are in good agreement with the data from the experimental determination of polishing performance, with a deviation of 1–3%.</p>","PeriodicalId":670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Superhard Materials","volume":"46 3","pages":"212 - 220"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141569977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing the Polyhedral Shape of Mineral Inclusions in Diamond Crystals Using Goniometric Data","authors":"V. M. Kvasnytsya","doi":"10.3103/S1063457624020035","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063457624020035","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Drawing from our research and an extensive review of publications, we have compiled data from goniometric studies concerning the morphology of mineral inclusions in diamonds sourced from both kimberlites and placers. Specifically, we have examined the morphology of olivine, garnet, and chrome-spinelide inclusions. In the majority of instances, the crystalline shape of these mineral inclusions has been instrumentally confirmed to mirror that of diamonds. The formation of such shapes is attributed to the influence of the negative morphology of diamond crystals, the host mineral, on mineral inclusions. The shape of these inclusions reflects various features of diamond morphology, encompassing simple forms, habits, outlines, and surface topography of faces. Compelling evidence supporting the syngenesis of mineral inclusions with diamond-shaped crystals and the diamonds within which they are found lies in indicators of their simultaneous growth. These indicators include the presence of induction pseudo-edges, pseudo-faces, and pseudo-vertices on inclusion crystals.</p>","PeriodicalId":670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Superhard Materials","volume":"46 2","pages":"94 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141528890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}