Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism最新文献

{"title":"Enhanced Magnetic Softness and Specific Capacitance in Mg0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 Nanoferrites","authors":"S. Meena Sankari,&nbsp;R. Sagayaraj,&nbsp;S. Sebastian,&nbsp;A. Amalorpavadoss,&nbsp;V. Porkalai,&nbsp;S. Aravazhi,&nbsp;G. Chandrasekaran","doi":"10.1007/s10948-026-07169-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10948-026-07169-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, magnesium-zinc ferrite (Mg_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via a PVP-assisted co-precipitation method, followed by thermal annealing at temperatures ranging from 600 °C to 1000 °C. The influence of annealing temperature on the structural, morphological, magnetic, electrical, and electrochemical properties was systematically investigated. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction (XRD) data confirmed the formation of a single-phase cubic spinel structure, with the average crystallite size increasing from 9.2 nm to 34.8 nm as a function of thermal treatment. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy corroborated the structural integrity of the ferrite phase, revealing characteristic metal-oxygen absorption bands while indicating a thermally induced redistribution of cations. Morphological analysis via SEM and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) demonstrated progressive grain densification and strong secondary magnetic agglomeration, with hydrodynamic diameters expanding from ~ 3.08 μm to ~ 7.41 μm at elevated temperatures. Magnetic measurements using a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) revealed a transition towards soft magnetic behavior, characterized by a significant reduction in coercivity (Hc) to 45.88 Oe and an optimization of saturation magnetization (Ms) from 1.23 emu/g to 19.08 emu/g at 900 °C. Complex Impedance Spectroscopy (CIS) showed a systematic reduction in overall electrical resistance to 8994.5 Ω at 1000 °C due to enhanced grain growth. Furthermore, electrochemical analysis via Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) indicated that the robust crystallinity achieved at higher annealing temperatures significantly improves charge storage, reaching a maximum specific capacitance of 7.68 F/g. These findings suggest that thermally tuned Mg_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄ nanoparticles possess highly tunable dual-functionality, making them promising candidates for high-frequency soft magnetic devices and pseudocapacitive energy storage systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":669,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication and Characterization of Al-doped MgB2 Superconductors","authors":"A. S. Salwa,&nbsp;Rana Sayed,&nbsp;Dalila Khlaifia,&nbsp;M. A. Sebak,&nbsp;A. K. Aladim,&nbsp;A. Salem,&nbsp;Soltan Soltan,&nbsp;T. R. Hammad","doi":"10.1007/s10948-026-07163-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10948-026-07163-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study explores the effects of aluminum doping on the structural, magnetic, and superconducting properties of magnesium diboride (MgB₂). Aluminum was introduced to synthesis <span>({text{M}text{g}}_{1-text{x}}{text{A}text{l}}_{text{x}}{text{B}}_{2})</span> samples at doping levels of x = 0.03, 0.06, and 0.12. Structural characterizations revealed slight changes in bond lengths and bond angles, indicating successful Al substitution without significant lattice distortion. Doping (x = 0.12) increases the critical current density, indicating better vortex pinning by raising temperature, according to magnetization tests.</p>\u0000 <p>In contrast, a higher doping level (x = 0.12) reduces both the superconducting transition temperature and critical current density. Specifically, the transition temperature decreased from approximately 38.5 K at lower doping levels to about 35 K at the highest doping. For this highly doped sample, critical current densities were found to be <span>(0.93times{10}^{9}A/{cm}^{2})</span>, <span>(1.57times{10}^{9}A/{cm}^{2})</span>, and <span>(1.64times{10}^{9}A/{cm}^{2})</span> at 5 K, 15 K, and 20 K, respectively, reflecting the temperature-dependent pinning behavior at high doping. These findings reveal a sensitive balance in aluminum doping, where moderate amounts boost superconducting properties, but excessive doping reduces its performance. This work highlights the potential of controlled Al doping for optimizing MgB₂ superconductors for technological applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":669,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147560466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Structural, Elastic, Mechanic, Optoelectronic, Magnetic, and Thermoelectric Properties of New Class p0-d of Half- Heusler Alloys LiCrZ (Z = Ge, Sn and Sb): Ab-initio Study","authors":"A. Bahnes,&nbsp;Z. Bahnes,&nbsp;H. Bendjilali,&nbsp;M. Safer,&nbsp;A. Arrar","doi":"10.1007/s10948-026-07155-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10948-026-07155-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this theoretical study, the physical properties of half-Heusler alloys LiCrZ (Z = Ge, Sn, and Sb) are investigated using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method within the GGA and TB-mBJ frameworks. The results indicate that all compounds are energetically and mechanically stable in the β-type ferromagnetic crystal structure and exhibit ductile behavior. Analysis of the elastic constants further confirms their mechanical and dynamical stability. Moreover, the electronic structure reveals robust half-metallic ferromagnetism (HMF). The TB-mBJ approach was employed to improve the description of the electronic structure, leading to enhanced band gaps of 1.28 eV, 1.05 eV, and 2.07 eV for LiCrGe, LiCrSn, and LiCrSb, respectively, while preserving their half-metallic nature. The total magnetic moments are integer values of 3 µB for LiCrGe and LiCrSn and 4 µB for LiCrSb, consistent with the modified Slater–Pauling rule, and all compounds exhibit 100% spin polarization at the Fermi level. Furthermore, thermoelectric properties, including the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and power factor, were systematically evaluated. The results demonstrate excellent thermoelectric performance, with high Seebeck coefficients and figure-of-merit (ZT) values approaching unity over a wide temperature range, as well as strong optical responses in the visible and and ultraviolet regions, highlighting the potential of these materials promising candidates for spintronic, optoelectronic devices, photovoltaic systems, and other energy conversion technologies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":669,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Argon Background Pressure on the Performance of Fe(Se, Te) Thin Films Deposited by Pulsed Laser Deposition","authors":"Shaohua Liu,&nbsp;Rongji Zhu,&nbsp;Chaohang Miao,&nbsp;Shuo Yan,&nbsp;Linfei Liu,&nbsp;Yijie Li","doi":"10.1007/s10948-026-07158-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10948-026-07158-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fe(Se, Te) film is a key material for developing next-generation high-field magnets, thanks to its extremely high upper critical field, which gains significant research attention. The performance of Fe(Se, Te) films still requires improvement, and it is necessary to further enhance the critical current density of the films by optimizing the fabrication process. This work reports the effects of argon background pressure and deposition parameters on the properties of epitaxial Fe(Se, Te) films fabricated by pulsed laser deposition on flexible metal tapes. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms phase purity and exclusive <i>c</i>-axis orientation in all films. Compared to the film deposited at an argon pressure of 5 mTorr and an identical substrate temperature, films grown at 10 mTorr exhibited a significantly greater thickness. This suggests that a higher background pressure can enhance deposition efficiency. The increased deposition pressure also raised the concentrations of both Te and interstitial Fe in the films. The excess interstitial Fe ultimately led to a reduction in the critical current density. Subsequent TEM imaging showed the higher background pressure introduced additional defects into the matrix, which in turn led to a slower critical current density decay in magnetic fields. In contrast, the thinner film with lower Fe content deposited at 5 mTorr demonstrated a higher self-field critical current density value of 4.6 MA/cm². Nevertheless, excessive film thickness was found to promote iron deficiency and the formation of surface droplets. These results highlight the crucial role of background gas pressure in tuning the stoichiometry and critical current density of Fe(Se, Te) films.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":669,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superconducting and Physical Properties of Hydrogenated RhZr2","authors":"Hiroto Arima,&nbsp;Katsutoshi Nomoto,&nbsp;Md. Riad Kasem,&nbsp;Tetsuya Shishido,&nbsp;Yoshikazu Mizuguchi","doi":"10.1007/s10948-026-07160-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10948-026-07160-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Superconductivity in <i>d</i>-electron compounds with the tetragonal C16 structure often exhibits resistivity saturation due to <i>s</i>–<i>d</i> scattering. RhZr₂ shows the lowest inflection temperature <i>T</i>_infl and highest superconducting transition temperature <i>T</i>_c among <i>Tr</i>Zr₂ compounds (<i>Tr</i>: transition metals). To clarify the role of <i>s</i>–<i>d</i> scattering, we investigated hydrogenated RhZr₂H_3.10. Hydrogen absorption expanded the <i>a</i>-axis lattice constant, suppressed the negative curvature in resistivity, and increased <i>T</i>_infl, indicating weakened <i>s</i>–<i>d</i> scattering. The Hall effect measurements revealed an increase in carrier density upon hydrogenation, while the specific heat measurements showed an enhancement of the Debye temperature. Although both results are typically favorable for superconductivity with a conventional electron–phonon interaction mechanism, superconductivity was suppressed by hydrogenation in RhZr₂H_3.10. Our measurements also showed that RhZr₂H_3.10 exhibits a large residual resistivity and significantly reduced carrier mobility. These results imply that it is possible that the suppression of superconductivity in RhZr₂H_<i>x</i> is associated with disorder induced by hydrogenation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":669,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10948-026-07160-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Gd Substitution on Structural and Magnetic Properties of Co-Cu-Zn Bulk Ferrites","authors":"Mohammed Anwar Hossain,&nbsp;Nur Mohammed,&nbsp;Mohammad Shahjahan,&nbsp;Abdulla Al-Momin,&nbsp;A. K. M. Akther Hossain","doi":"10.1007/s10948-026-07157-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10948-026-07157-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Co_0.40Cu_0.20Zn_0.40Gd_xFe_2−xO₄(x = 0, 0.025, 0.050, 0.075, 0.10) was prepared using the conventional solid-state reaction technique. The cubic spinel structure is studied through X-ray diffraction (XRD). The lattice parameters were increased from 3.08Å to 8.354Å with Gd content. Microstructural analysis indicates that the mean grain size was increased with Gd³⁺ content up to x = 0.050. The complex initial permeability determined the characteristics of magnetic properties. The real part of the initial permeability (µ_iʹ) increases with Gd³⁺ content up to x = 0.04 and then decreases. The highest µ_iʹ was observed for x = 0.050 at the optimal sintering temperature. As the Gd³⁺ concentration increased to x = 0.05, the saturation magnetization (M_s) increased from 72.70 to 78.7 emu/g. M_s was declined after x = 0.05 as a result of the potential for non-collinear spin arrangements with further increments in Gd³⁺ content. The α_Y−K values reached a minimum of 26˚ at x = 0.05, whereas n_B explores an opposite trend. The reduction of electron exchanges between Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ at the octahedral site led to a decrease in the dielectric constant and dielectric loss with the Gd³⁺ content. Non-Debye relaxation behavior is observed from the theoretical fitting justification of the bulk ferrite.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":669,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Charge Transport Properties in Two-dimensional Topologically Trivial and Nontrivial Mexican Hat-like Systems","authors":"Karla Lemac,&nbsp;Zoran Rukelj","doi":"10.1007/s10948-026-07152-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10948-026-07152-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this paper we study and compare the single-particle and selected electronic transport properties of a topologically trivial (TT) and topologically nontrivial (TNT) two-dimensional system with two Mexican-hat-like valence bands. Both TT and TNT cases are described by 2<span>(times)</span>2 effective Hamiltonian matrices from which the density of state, the total and effective charge carrier concentration, the Hall coefficient, and the real part of the interband conductivity are calculated. The main result is that electron-doped TT and TNT cases cannot be distinguished on the basis of the intraband transport quantities like the Drude spectral weight or the zero-field Hall coefficient. Moreover it is shown that intraband properties depend only on the energy of the band minimum and the local maximum. The two topological cases can be differentiated in the interband charge transport, like in the real part of the interband conductivity, which is given in terms of the band minimum and local maximum transition energies with two experimentally observable differences between TT and TNT cases.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":669,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147560086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural, Optical, Magnetic and Dielectric Properties of Europium Substituted Zinc Ferrite Nanostructures Synthesized By Coprecipitation Method","authors":"B. Uday Kumar,&nbsp;T. Ramesh,&nbsp;K. Kiran Kumar,&nbsp;K. Vani,&nbsp;S. Katlakunta,&nbsp;K. Praveena","doi":"10.1007/s10948-026-07139-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10948-026-07139-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Europium-substituted zinc ferrite nanoparticles (ZnFe_2-xEu_xO₄ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1)) were synthesized using the coprecipitation method, and then samples were prepared using conventional sintering at 950 °C for 3 h. The structural properties of the synthesized samples were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The Williamson–Hall (W-H) method is used to measure the crystallite size and lattice strain values of the samples. Considerable changes in the lattice parameter, X-ray density, and crystallite size are observed with Eu substitution. The morphology and grain size of the samples were investigated using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images. Grains are not uniform, and a reduction in grain size from 178 nm to 84 nm upon Eu doping. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of metal–oxygen vibrations corresponding to the absorption bands of both the tetrahedral and octahedral sites of the spinel ferrite structure. Optical properties showed a gradual increase in the optical band gap with higher Eu substitution. Magnetic hysteresis (VSM) loops exhibited unsaturated magnetization in the measured magnetic field (± 15 kOe) range. A decrease in saturation magnetization is observed with increasing Eu content, and the coercivity values range from 36 Oe to 64 Oe. A reduction in dielectric constant and dielectric loss was also observed with Eu incorporation. The modifications in the structural, optical, magnetic, and dielectric properties were interpreted based on appropriate theoretical considerations. Overall, Europium-doped zinc ferrites exhibit promising multifunctional capabilities for advanced technological applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":669,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural, Optical, and Magnetic Properties of Eu3+-Substituted Ni-Mg Ferrites Synthesized via Hydrothermal Method","authors":"Vanthini N. Adoons,&nbsp;Lebogang Kotsedi,&nbsp;Delicacy Ntshalintshali,&nbsp;Thandeka Molefe,&nbsp;Ahmed U. Yimamu,&nbsp;Teboho P. Mokoena","doi":"10.1007/s10948-026-07154-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10948-026-07154-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eu³⁺ substituted nickel-magnesium ferrites with the formula Ni_0.5Mg_0.5Eu_<i>x</i>Fe_2−<i>x</i>O₄ (<i>x</i> = 0.0-0.12) were successful synthesized by hydrothermal method. Herein, we investigate the effect of varying Eu³⁺ substitution levels on the structural, optical, and magnetic properties of the resulting ferrites. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of a cubic spinel structure as the dominant phase, however, at higher Eu³⁺ concentrations, additional diffraction peaks corresponding to a secondary hematite phase were observed, indicating a solubility limit of Eu³⁺ in the spinel lattice. A progressive increase in crystallite size and lattice parameter was observed with increasing Eu³⁺ content. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed the formation of nearly spherical nanoparticles with sizes ranging 46–63 nm. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of metal-oxygen bonds in the samples through their characteristic vibrations, while diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) revealed an increase in band gap energy from 1.82 eV to 2.12 eV, suggesting structural and electronic modifications at higher Eu³⁺ substitution levels. All samples showed ferromagnetic behaviour, as measured by vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM); however, saturation magnetization, coercivity, and remanence decreased with increasing Eu³⁺ content. These results highlight the potential of Eu-substituted Ni-Mg ferrites for applications in magneto-optical devices, high-frequency electronics, and spintronic technologies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":669,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10948-026-07154-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defect-Induced Softening of Magnetic Interactions in Sb and Sm Doped Co3O4±δ","authors":"Jisna Rahman,&nbsp;Gowtham V,&nbsp;Rajeevan NE,&nbsp;Ranjith Ramadurai,&nbsp;Asokan Kandasami","doi":"10.1007/s10948-026-07156-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10948-026-07156-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cobalt oxide (Co₃O₄) is a rare-earth-free spinel material with ferromagnetic ordering, making it a promising candidate for microwave and spintronics applications. This study investigates the controlled introduction of lattice defects through antimony (Sb) and samarium (Sm) doping in Co₃O₄ to tune its magnetic properties. Substitution of Sm and Sb is expected to generate oxygen vacancies (V_o) and modify cation distribution, thereby altering magnetic ordering. Structural refinement confirms that undoped Co₃O₄ crystallizes in a cubic spinel structure with space group F<span>(stackrel{prime }{4})</span>3m. Doping with Sb and Sm ions leads to traces of SbO₂. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveals that dopant incorporation disrupts the super-exchange pathways that govern spin orientation. This disruption weakens ferromagnetic interactions, as reflected in the softening of magnetic hysteresis and reduction of coercive fields in the doped samples. While pristine Co₃O₄ exhibits signatures of canted magnetic ordering at room temperature, doping modifies super-exchange strengths and bond angles, leading to further magnetic softening. Additionally, the dopants induce a structural transition from a normal spinel to a mixed-spinel character, as supported by XPS analysis. Overall, Sm and Sb doping provide an effective route to defect engineering in Co₃O₄, enabling controlled modulation of magnetic interactions for functional device applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":669,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147441219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}