{"title":"First-Principles Investigation of the Electronic and Magnetic Properties of an Extended-Supercell Fe@Si-Doped SiC Nanotube","authors":"Sevda Rzayeva, Shovqiyya Amirova, Vafa Tarverdiyeva, Gulnara Guliyeva, Debarati Dey Roy, Maftun Aliyev","doi":"10.1007/s10948-026-07216-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10948-026-07216-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The electronic and magnetic properties of an extended-supercell Fe@Si-doped SiC nanotube were investigated using spin-polarized density functional theory. First, the electronic structure of the pristine SiC nanotube was analyzed, revealing a direct band gap of approximately 1.67 eV, confirming its intrinsic semiconducting character with a non-magnetic ground state. Subsequently, the substitutional doping of Fe at the Si site was introduced to explore the modification of electronic and magnetic properties. The calculated band structure demonstrates that Fe incorporation significantly reduces the band gap to approximately 0.37 eV, indicating strong impurity-induced electronic states within the band gap region. The spin-polarized density of states reveals a pronounced asymmetry between spin-up and spin-down channels, confirming the emergence of magnetism in the doped nanotube. Orbital-projected density of states analysis indicates that the magnetic behavior mainly originates from the partially filled Fe-3d orbitals, which strongly hybridize with the p orbitals of neighboring Si and C atoms. Mulliken population analysis shows that the Fe dopant carries a dominant magnetic moment of 3.14 µ<sub>B</sub>, while smaller induced magnetic moments appear on surrounding atoms, leading to a total magnetic moment of 4.005 µ<sub>B</sub> for the supercell. Geometry optimization results confirm that the doped nanotube is structurally stable with small residual forces and negligible internal stress. The combined electronic and magnetic analyzes demonstrate that Fe substitution effectively tunes the electronic structure and induces stable spin polarization in SiC nanotubes, suggesting promising applications in spintronic and nanoelectronic devices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":669,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hongyu Xiao, Nan Zhou, Ming Cheng, Xiangyu Li, Yu Zhao, Yifan Deng, Ruihuan Lan, Wenhai Song, Xuan Luo, Yuping Sun
{"title":"Topological Hall Behaviour Detected in Frustrated Shastry-Sutherland Magnet (text {HoB}_4)","authors":"Hongyu Xiao, Nan Zhou, Ming Cheng, Xiangyu Li, Yu Zhao, Yifan Deng, Ruihuan Lan, Wenhai Song, Xuan Luo, Yuping Sun","doi":"10.1007/s10948-026-07227-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10948-026-07227-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Geometrically frustrated systems exhibit intriguing physical phenomena under applied magnetic fields. The rare-earth tetraboride (<i>R</i>B<span>(_4)</span>, <i>R</i> is a magnetic rare-earth) family, a Shastry–Sutherland frustrated magnetic system, displays plateaus at fractional values of the saturation magnetization. Because of its metallic character, <span>(textit{R}text {B}_4)</span> could be an ideal platform for investigating the interplay between conduction electrons and fractional plateau phases. Here, we investigate the electrical transport of <span>(text {HoB}_4)</span>, which is a member of the <span>(textit{R}text {B}_4)</span> family that possesses fractional magnetization plateaus. We observe pronounced peak-like features and a violation of Kohler’s rule in the magnetoresistance associated with the complex magnetic phases. In addition, we identify a distinct hump-like anomaly in the Hall resistivity corresponding to the fractional plateau phases. We propose that the hump-like feature is most likely a manifestation of the topological Hall effect, arising from the real-space accumulation of Berry curvature due to non-coplanar spin textures. Our work provides new insights into the origin of the fractional magnetization plateaus in <span>(text {HoB}_4)</span> and serves as a useful reference for understanding frustrated magnetism in metallic systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":669,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Low Temperature Complex Magnetic and Dielectric Studies on Al3+ substituted GaFeO3 Multiferroic Solid Solutions","authors":"Manjunatha T, Shidaling Matteppanavar, Sudhindra Rayaprol, Basavaraj Angadi","doi":"10.1007/s10948-026-07228-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10948-026-07228-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A series of Ga<sub>1-x</sub>Al<sub>x</sub>FeO<sub>3</sub> (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6) solid solutions were synthesized through the conventional solid-state reaction method to investigate the effect of Al<sup>3+</sup> substitution on their structural, microstructural, magnetic, and dielectric properties. Room temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD) and neutron diffraction (ND) analyses confirm the formation of the non-centrosymmetric <i>orthorhombic</i> structure across all compositions. Detailed Rietveld refinement of both XRD and ND patterns provided quantitative insights into lattice parameters, cation distribution, and structural distortions induced by Al<sup>3+</sup> substitution. Raman spectroscopy further corroborates the formation of the <i>orthorhombic</i> phase, revealing 15 Raman-active vibrational modes characteristic of GaFeO<sub>3</sub>. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs exhibit well-defined grains and distinct grain boundaries, while progressive Al<sup>3+</sup> substitution results in systematic grain size reduction. Low-temperature (5–300 K) dc magnetization measurements, including zero-field-cooled (ZFC) and field-cooled (FC) protocols along with magnetic hysteresis (M-H) loops, reveal a clear paramagnetic-ferrimagnetic transition (<i>T</i><sub>N</sub>). Notably, <i>T</i><sub>N</sub> shifts toward higher temperatures with increasing Al<sup>3+</sup> concentration, approaching room temperature. The enhancement in magnetic transition temperature is attributed to structural distortion and modified Fe–O–Fe superexchange interactions induced by Al<sup>3+</sup> substitution. Temperature-dependent dielectric measurements exhibit anomalies near T<sub>N</sub>, indicating significant indirect magnetoelectric coupling in all solid solutions. Overall, Al<sup>3</sup>⁺ substitution in GaFeO<sub>3</sub> effectively modulates magnetic ordering and enhances magnetodielectric coupling, highlighting the potential of Ga<sub>1-x</sub>Al<sub>x</sub>FeO<sub>3</sub> solid solutions for multifunctional and spintronic device applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":669,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Magnetic Properties Evaluation and Loss Simulation of FeNiMo/Ni₀.₆Zn₀.₄Fe₂O₄ Soft Magnetic Composites","authors":"Shen Wu, Jinliang Song, Xiaoran Sun, Haoyu Zhu, Jianglei Fan, Yaju Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s10948-026-07225-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10948-026-07225-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As key materials in electronic devices, soft magnetic composites(SMCs)are required to exhibit both high permeability and low core loss under high-frequency conditions in order to meet the demands of modern electronics toward high frequency and miniaturization. In this work, SMCs featuring FeNiMo cores encapsulated by a magnetic Ni₀.₆Zn₀.₄Fe₂O₄ layer were designed and fabricated to enhance magnetic performance, and the dependence of magnetic properties on Ni₀.₆Zn₀.₄Fe₂O₄ content was systematically investigated. The composite with 4 wt% Ni₀.₆Zn₀.₄Fe₂O₄ demonstrates the optimal comprehensive electromagnetic performance. It delivers a minimum core loss of 63.34 W/kg at 0.05 T and 10 kHz, accompanied by the highest equivalent permeability (23.69) and electrical resistivity among all samples. Furthermore, a finite element-based microstructural model was developed in Ansys Maxwell to evaluate current density distribution and magnetic loss under an applied magnetic field. The simulations demonstrate a more uniform magnetic flux distribution and suppressed eddy current effects at the optimal composition. The good agreement with experimental results provides simulation-assisted interpretation and further clarifies the magnetic loss mechanisms, confirming the excellent low-loss performance under alternating magnetic field conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":669,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Smita More, Mangesh V. Khedkar, Pravin Kadhane, Rahul Kambale, V. R. Bhagwat, K. M. Jadhav
{"title":"Impact of Fe Doping on Ferroelectric and Ferromagnetic Properties of Barium Titanate","authors":"Smita More, Mangesh V. Khedkar, Pravin Kadhane, Rahul Kambale, V. R. Bhagwat, K. M. Jadhav","doi":"10.1007/s10948-026-07219-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10948-026-07219-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present work aims to induce ferromagnetism via. Fe<sup>3+</sup> doping in barium titanate pervoskite. Iron (Fe) doped barium titanate BaTi<sub>1−x</sub>Fe<sub>x</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (x = 0.05, 0.15, 0.25) series of nanoparticles were prepared by the sol-gel self-ignition method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals the phase formation and lattice symmetries. The tetragonal structure was observed for composition (x = 0.05) whereas the remaining two compositions i.e., x = 0.15 and 0.25 shows a hexagonal structure. Infrared spectra of all three samples show the presence of two main absorbance bands at around 500 cm<sup>− 1</sup> and 1450 cm<sup>− 1</sup>. The surface morphology of the typical sample (x = 0.25) was studied through FE-SEM. The DC electrical resistivity was found to decrease with temperature obeying the Arrhenius relations. The BaTi<sub>1−x</sub>Fe<sub>x</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (x = 0.05, 0.15, 0.25) system revealed the multiferroic nature by showing polarization and magnetization to an externally applied electric and magnetic field having dependent hysteresis behavior respectively. Thus, the present BaTi<sub>1−x</sub>Fe<sub>x</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (x = 0.05, 0.15, 0.25) ceramic system may be useful for developing multiferroic multifunctional devices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":669,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jieyang Fang, Yiwen Ding, Lei Zhou, Xiukun Hu, Qiong Wu, Hangfu Yang, Hongliang Ge
{"title":"Considerable Magnetocaloric Effects of Dysprosium-Doped Gadolinium Phosphate Compounds","authors":"Jieyang Fang, Yiwen Ding, Lei Zhou, Xiukun Hu, Qiong Wu, Hangfu Yang, Hongliang Ge","doi":"10.1007/s10948-026-07218-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10948-026-07218-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Gd<sup>3+</sup>/Dy<sup>3+</sup> co-doping compounds of Gd<sub>(1 – x)</sub>Dy<sub>x</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> (x = 0, 0.1, and 0.2) were synthesized via chemical precipitation and solid-state reaction. The crystal structures, phase transition temperatures, maximum value of the magnetic entropy changes (−Δ<i>S</i><sup>Max</sup> <sub>M</sub>), and relative cooling powers have been investigated. X-ray diffraction revealed that the samples exhibited monoclinic crystal structures with the <i>P</i>2<sub>1</sub>/<i>n</i> space group. The magnetization measurements revealed that the samples underwent second-order ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transitions, and the transition temperature decreased with increasing Dy content. Under the magnetic field of 50 kOe, large −ΔS<sup>Max</sup> <sub>M</sub> values of 50.1, 43.7, and 41 J/kg K were obtained at a temperature close to the liquid helium temperature. As the Dy content increased, the <i>RCP</i> and <i>TEC</i>(2) were significantly improved. The considerable MCEs suggest that these compounds can be used in the development of low-temperature magnetic refrigeration materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":669,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Safi Ullah, Zahid Ali, Israr Ahmad, Saif Ullah, Hamad Ali, Mazhar Ali
{"title":"Theoretical Analysis of the Rare-Earth Dicarbides REC2 (RE = Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd and Dy), in CaC2-Structure","authors":"Safi Ullah, Zahid Ali, Israr Ahmad, Saif Ullah, Hamad Ali, Mazhar Ali","doi":"10.1007/s10948-026-07224-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10948-026-07224-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rare-earths dicarbides REC<sub>2</sub> (RE = Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd and Dy) in CaC<sub>2</sub>-type structure are investigated through density functional theory (DFT). The understudy dicarbides are highly correlated electron systems because of the 4f orbital of RE atoms. To treat these systems, exchange correlation functional generalized gradient approximation along with Hubbard U (GGA + U) is utilized. The phonon spectra confirm the dynamic stability of these carbides and the calculated lattice parameters are found to be in closed agreement with the existing experimental data. The magnetic ground state optimization energies demonstrate that all these carbides are stable in antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase. The electron charge density plots and electronegativity difference on Pauling scale confirm the covalent between rare-earth ion (RE<sup>+ 3</sup>) and acetylide ion C<sub>2</sub>. All of these carbides’ electronic properties in the AFM phase reveal their metallic nature. The ductility of all these intermetallics is revealed by the elastic parameters. All these carbides possess intermediate Vickers’s hardness confirming their moderately hard nature. Based on the physical properties of these dicarbides like moderate hardness, high temperature strength and metallic nature it is expected that they could be considered as a suitable candidate for high temperature applications provided they are adequately shielded from atmospheric moisture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":669,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatime Gulsah Akca, Osman Karlioglu, Eyup Duman, Halime Gul Yaglioglu
{"title":"Influence of Thickness and Ta Buffer Layer on the Magnetic Properties of TbFeCo Thin Films","authors":"Fatime Gulsah Akca, Osman Karlioglu, Eyup Duman, Halime Gul Yaglioglu","doi":"10.1007/s10948-026-07221-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10948-026-07221-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We systematically investigated the magnetic properties of TbFeCo thin films as a function of thickness between 17 and 34 nm, with and without a Ta buffer layer, focusing on anisotropy behavior and magnetic compensation effects. Films grown on thermally oxidized SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si substrates without Ta buffer layer exhibit pronounced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), which is attributed to strain-induced effects associated with surface roughness induced by the substrate. Across both series, the out-of-plane magnetization remains higher than the in-plane response, and the minimum saturation magnetization occurs at intermediate thicknesses, suggesting proximity to a thickness-driven magnetic compensation regime. Notably, the compensation-like minimum appears at significantly greater thicknesses than values reported for films grown on other substrates, indicating that thermally oxidized Si shifts the effective compensation thickness beyond 24 nm. These findings highlight the crucial role of substrate interface and structural morphology in tailoring the magnetic anisotropy and compensation behavior of TbFeCo thin films for spintronic applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":669,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bathini Srinivas, Marri Pradeep Kumar, Savita Belwal, Koteswararao P, D. Ravi Kumar
{"title":"Electrical, Magnetic, Photocatalytic, and Structural Properties of Ni and Ce Substituted Magnesium Nano Ferrites: A Citrate Gel Auto-Combustion Approach","authors":"Bathini Srinivas, Marri Pradeep Kumar, Savita Belwal, Koteswararao P, D. Ravi Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s10948-026-07223-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10948-026-07223-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A series of Ni and Ce co-doped magnesium ferrite nano materials with composition Mg<sub>1−x</sub>Ni<sub>x</sub>Ce<sub>y</sub>Fe<sub>2−y</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (where y = x= 0.00, 0.025, 0.050, 0.075 and 0.1) were synthesized via a low temperature citrate gel auto combustion method. The PXRD (powder X-ray diffraction) confirmed single phase spinel structures with crystalline size in the ranges of 20.16 nm to 25.28 nm. The morphological studies and particle size distribution of the materials examined by scanning electron microscope. The samples spinel structure verified by FTIR absorption bands at both sites tetrahedral and octahedral. The optical band gap energies varied from 1.705 to 2.191 eV, with the minimum value (1.705 eV) observed for Mg<sub>0.925</sub>Ni<sub>0.075</sub>Ce<sub>0.075</sub>Fe<sub>1.925</sub>O<sub>4</sub> indicating enhanced visible absorption. Magnetic measurements showed ferrimagnetic behaviour with saturation magnetization decreased from 15.35 to 10.42 emu/g with increasing dopant content. The photocatalytic activity was investigated through organic effluents methylene blue and acid red and the results demonstrated that Mg<sub>0.95</sub>Ni<sub>0.05</sub>Ce<sub>0.05</sub>Fe<sub>1.95</sub>O<sub>4</sub> showed the highest degradation activity, reaching about 50% after 75 min for acid red. Dielectric properties like AC conductivity, Dielectric constant and impedance spectrum were analysed by LCR meter at various temperature and frequencies. The scientific novelty of this research lies in the systematic incorporation of Ni and Ce ions into the MgFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> lattice, providing a new strategy for tailoring the physicochemical properties of magnesium nanoferrites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":669,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Annealing Time and Compaction Pressure on the Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Fe-5wt%Al Soft Magnetic Composite","authors":"Rajeeth Kumar R., Jeevanantham A. K.","doi":"10.1007/s10948-026-07217-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10948-026-07217-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fe-5 wt% Al soft magnetic composites (SMCs) were prepared through powder blending, compaction, sintering, and annealing. The uniaxial compaction pressures of 200, 250, and 300 kN were used to form green compacts with the relative densities of 82, 85, and 89%, respectively. The green compacts were pre and post-sintered at 600 °C and 1200 °C. Then the post-sintered compacts were annealed at 800 °C for 1 and 2 h. The effect of annealing time on the microstructure and soft magnetic properties was investigated using XRD, FE-SEM, and VSM. Annealing Fe-5 wt%Al SMC increased the saturation magnetization by relieving internal stress. Adding 5 wt% Al enhanced the recrystallization in compacts by reducing the crystalline size. The stress relief and crystal rearrangement in the compacts were enhanced by increasing the annealing time from 1 to 2 h. Through annealing, a high saturation magnetization (Ms) was recorded in the range of 194.05 to 212.67 emu/g. Also, the low remanence magnetization (Mr) was recorded in the range of 0.41 to 1.49 emu/g due to stress relief in the compacts. The diffusion of porous oxygen and Al in the compacts increased the coercivity(Hc) from 22.88 to 32.17 Oe. Eventually, the decrease in crystalline size reduced the hardness of the compacts. Cold sintering process reducess the Ms of the compacts deveoped after sintering due to the high internal stress in the compacts after compaction. But the annealing after sintering enhanced the Ms of the compacts. When compared to the high Ms of other processing technique the Ms recorded by this work have increased in the range of 4.63–13.01%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":669,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}