Analytical Methods最新文献

{"title":"IRF4 as a molecular biomarker in pan-cancer through multiple omics integrative analysis†","authors":"Yiqing Tan, Yiping Yang, Mingjun Zhang, Ni Li, Lei Hu, Mingyou Deng, Yin Xiao, Yingying Wang, Fuhua Tian and Ran Sun","doi":"10.1039/D4AY02269F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4AY02269F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >IRF4, characterized by its unique helix-turn-helix DNA-binding motif, is a member of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family. It plays a critical role in regulating host defense mechanisms, including innate and adaptive immune responses, as well as oncogenesis. However, the precise role of IRF4 in malignant tumors remains poorly understood. In this study, we first investigated IRF4 gene expression across various cancer types and its distribution within different molecular and immunological subtypes, providing a comprehensive understanding of its expression patterns in pan-cancer. We further explored the interacting proteins, diagnostic significance, molecular characteristics, prognostic relevance, and biological functions of IRF4 in diverse cancers. Focusing on colorectal cancer (CRC), we conducted a detailed analysis of IRF4, examining its associations with clinical features and outcomes across multiple clinical subgroups and databases. Additionally, we assessed IRF4 expression at both transcriptional and translational levels in CRC tumor specimens using tissue microarrays. Our findings revealed that IRF4 expression varies significantly not only across cancer types but also among molecular and immunological subtypes. In CRC, elevated IRF4 expression was associated with poorer overall survival. Notably, IRF4 was predominantly expressed in immune cells and showed a strong correlation with tumor immune regulation. Given its high predictive accuracy for cancer outcomes and robust prognostic associations, IRF4 may serve as a valuable prognostic biomarker for CRC. In conclusion, IRF4 represents a unique molecular biomarker for pan-cancer prognosis and an independent prognostic risk factor for CRC. Its critical role in immune regulation also positions IRF4 as a promising target for immunotherapeutic strategies in CRC.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" 16","pages":" 3183-3201"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ay/d4ay02269f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of novel poly(1,4-benzenedithiol) nanoparticles@AuNPs lateral flow immunochromatographic test strips†","authors":"Yu Yao, Yafei Li, Qingqing Hua, Wenlin Zhao and Jishun Li","doi":"10.1039/D5AY00346F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5AY00346F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this study, we successfully developed a novel lateral flow immunochromatography (LFIA) strip that utilizes poly(1,4-benzenedithiol) (PBDT) nanoparticles loaded with gold nanoparticles (PBDT@AuNPs), characterized by a particle size of 147 nm and a spherical morphology, as labeling materials to enhance the sensitivity of colloidal gold. PBDT@AuNPs exhibit a higher loading capacity and molar extinction coefficient compared to traditional markers, with an approximately 22-fold increase in molar extinction coefficient relative to colloidal gold immunochromatography, significantly improving detection sensitivity. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) was employed as a model to assess the detection efficiency and reliability of PBDT@AuNPs LFIA strips. A calibration curve was established using a four-parameter logistic function to fit the relationship between colloidal gold colorimetric strength and cTnI concentration, covering a range of 0.06 to 500 ng mL<small>⁻¹</small>, with a detection limit of 0.03 ng mL<small>⁻¹</small> as calculated by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). A chemical comparison of various cTnI concentrations in human serum samples, conducted using Passing–Bablok regression, confirmed the equivalence of the PBDT@AuNPs LFIA strips with a commercial fluorescent cTnI LFIA kit, revealing no significant systematic or proportional bias. The spike recovery ranged from 91.92% to 108.70%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) ranged from 5.29% to 5.85%, underscoring the high precision of the PBDT@AuNPs LFIA strips in quantifying cTnI in human serum samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" 15","pages":" 2997-3006"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143750092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2-Methyl tetrahydrofuran: a green organic modifier for eco-friendly, cost-effective, and rapid purification in drug discovery†","authors":"Vijayalakshmi Sathiyamoorthy, Khemraj Bairwa, Sharad Duche, Amrita Roy and Arvind Mathur","doi":"10.1039/D5AY00046G","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5AY00046G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The current need to make processes greener encourages us to reduce solvent consumption along with replacing hazardous solvents with ecofriendly solvents. Analytical purification is one of the most solvent-consuming processes in drug discovery, and our present study is a step forward, making it ecofriendly, fast, and cost-effective. Our study evaluated 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran (MTHF) as a sustainable alternative to THF in reverse-phase HPLC, focusing on its impact on peak shapes, resolution, retention time, and sample loading. We screened six commercially available hydrochloride salts of +epinephrine (<strong>1</strong>), tetramisole (<strong>2</strong>), acebutolol (<strong>3</strong>), labetalol (<strong>4</strong>), +verapamil (<strong>5</strong>), and amitriptyline (<strong>6</strong>) with varying polarity indexes using multiple mobile phase combinations, including ACN, ACN–MeOH, 5% MTHF in ACN, and 5% MTHF in ACN–MeOH, alongside various buffers. The choice of ACN and MeOH is based on their remarkable properties, such as complete miscibility with water, relatively low viscosity, low UV cut-off, and low chemical reactivity. This multi-step screening in combination with various buffers (different pH) and solvents was required for identifying the optimal role of MTHF for achieving the best chromatographic performance with the selected analytes. The study showed that using TFA buffer with 10% MTHF in ACN–MeOH has significantly enhanced the peak shape and resolution, which facilitates approximately five-fold higher sample loading as compared to ACN–MeOH alone. This approach resulted in a shorter run time, reducing organic solvent consumption by ∼87% and the overall turnaround time by approximately ∼89%. Thus, the study validates MTHF as a green solvent for high-throughput, cost-effective purification of complex mixtures of small molecules.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" 15","pages":" 2938-2947"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143717669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dual-responsive ratiometric fluorescent probe for the detection of hypochlorite and hydrazine in environmental samples, live cells, and plant tissues†","authors":"Dipanjan Banik, Shilpita Banerjee, Satyajit Halder, Rajdeep Ganguly, Anirban Karak, Pintu Ghosh, Kuladip Jana and Ajit Kumar Mahapatra","doi":"10.1039/D5AY00153F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5AY00153F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Hypochlorite (ClO<small>⁻</small>), a potent oxidizer and disinfectant, and hydrazine, a powerful reducing agent, are widely used in daily life and various industries. However, their extensive use comes with significant risks, as they are highly toxic to both the environment and human health. They have been associated with various health issues and even linked to cancer. Therefore, the simultaneous detection of hypochlorite and hydrazine is crucial for assessing their impact and monitoring the onset and progression of related diseases. A phenanthroimidazole–indandione based colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent probe <strong>PIID</strong> was designed and synthesized for dual channel detection of hypochlorite and hydrazine in environmental and biological samples. Probe <strong>PIID</strong>, which showed a strong yellow-orange emission at 640 nm with a massive Stokes shift of 220 nm, exhibited excellent fluorescence change from yellow-orange to green (526 nm) in the presence of ClO<small>⁻</small> and from yellow-orange to blue (424 nm) in the presence of hydrazine in an aqueous-THF solvent system. A strong ICT effect, which was acting in probe <strong>PIID</strong>, gets weakened through ClO<small>⁻</small> – mediated cleavage of the C<img>C bridge bond to produce aldehyde <strong>PIB</strong> with a blue shift of 114 nm and hydrazine-induced hydrazinolysis of the indanedione moiety to form hydrazone compound <strong>PIBH</strong> with a blue shift of 216 nm and that was also confirmed by DFT studies. Not only that, the probe exhibits excellent selectivity over other ROS (reactive oxygen species) and amines with a very fast response time of 40 seconds for hypochlorite and 90 seconds for hydrazine, and high sensitivity was observed with detection limits of 32.75 nM for hypochlorite and 92 nM for hydrazine. Moreover, <strong>PIID</strong> was employed to monitor both the analytes successfully in environmental water samples and in a solid-state TLC strip study. Hypochlorite was monitored in commercial disinfectants, and by exogenous bioimaging in human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB 231) and endogenous bioimaging in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells with very low cytotoxicity and good cell viability. Meanwhile, hydrazine was tracked in soil samples, and confocal imaging was performed on onion tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" 16","pages":" 3290-3304"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensing technology empowering food safety: research progress of SERS-assisted multimodal biosensing toward food hazard factors","authors":"Jiaqian Liu, Xiaowei Huang, Xinai Zhang, Yuerong Feng, Zhecong Yuan, Shujie Gao, Zhihua Li, Hany S. El-Mesery, Jiyong Shi and Xiaobo Zou","doi":"10.1039/D5AY00292C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5AY00292C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Food is the main source of human energy and nutrition, but once it is contaminated with hazardous factors, such as biotoxins, pesticide residues, <em>etc.</em>, it will seriously damage health. This paper reviews the research progress of biosensors based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in the detection of food hazard factors. First, the basic principle, substrate and assay mode of SERS technology, as well as related design and sensing strategy mechanisms, are introduced. Then, the design idea of multimodal biosensors combining SERS with microfluidic, fluorescence, colorimetric, electrochemical (EC), molecular imprinting and other technologies is expounded to improve the analysis accuracy and specificity. Then the application results of multimodal biosensors based on SERS sensing toward food hazard factors are discussed, and the necessity of its development is illustrated. Finally, the future development direction of this field is prospected, which provides a reference for promoting the research and application of multimodal biosensors based on SERS.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" 16","pages":" 3083-3110"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SERS and DFT studies of highly sensitive detection of trace nitro-explosives assisted by alkali ions†","authors":"Qirui Zou, Yuyao Chen, Jiahui Wang, Xiuwei Fan, Ao Zhang, Bowen Liu and Zhongwei Liu","doi":"10.1039/D5AY00391A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5AY00391A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this study, 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20), 2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB), and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) were sensitively detected with the aid of alkali ions (Li<small>⁺</small>, Na<small>⁺</small> and K<small>⁺</small> from the corresponding nitrate salts) using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), through an extremely simple process of adding explosive compounds and alkali ions to negatively charged silver colloids. The results show that the quantitative SERS detection limit of CL-20 is 1 nM with the addition of Na<small>⁺</small>, whereas for TNCB and TNT, the corresponding detection limit can reach 0.01 nM adjusted using Na<small>⁺</small> and K<small>⁺</small>, respectively. The possible mechanisms of the sensitive SERS detection of trace nitro-explosives (CL-20, TNCB, and TNT) with the aid of alkali ions (Li<small>⁺</small>, Na<small>⁺</small> and K<small>⁺</small>) have been investigated by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis of the optimized structures of CL-20, TNCB and TNT revealed that the O atoms on the nitro group of these explosives carry a relatively greater negative charge, which can be successfully coordinated with the alkali ions accompanied by an obvious energy release to form positively charged complexes. Subsequently, these complexes spontaneously approach the negatively charged silver colloid, creating more SERS active sites, thereby enhancing the Raman detection sensitivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" 16","pages":" 3152-3163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid quantification and classification of five vinca alkaloids used in cancer therapy by flow injection analysis with UV detection and chemometrics†","authors":"Eric Caudron, Cécile Boughanem, Marion Berge, Jehanne Saidi, Antoine Dowek and Laetitia Minh Mai Lê","doi":"10.1039/D5AY00325C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5AY00325C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Vinca alkaloids represent a major class of antineoplastic agents used against cancer. They are prepared in centralized production units by pharmacy technicians. Control of the preparation is indispensable to secure their preparation and avoid any errors, which can have serious consequences for the patient because antineoplastic agents are very toxic. Analytical quality control was proven to be the most efficient control to ensure the right drug at the right dose to the patient. The study focused on vinca alkaloids: vinblastine, vincristine, vindesine, vinflunine, and vinorelbine, in the form of commercially diluted solutions in 0.9% NaCl at therapeutic concentrations. The aim of this study was to develop an analytical methodology for quality control capable of discriminating and quantifying these molecules. The primary objective was to assess the capability of Flow Injection Analysis with UV detection (FIA-UV), combined with chemometrics, for rapid classification and quantification of these alkaloids. A rapid High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with UV-visible detection (HPLC-UV) method was also developed and established as a reference standard. HPLC-UV discrimination was based on retention time, whereas FIA-UV relied on spectral analysis. Therefore, to improve discrimination in FIA-UV, Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) was incorporated. FIA-UV achieved 100% sensitivity and specificity in discriminating the five alkaloids, demonstrating non-inferiority to HPLC-UV. This method offers a streamlined workflow, reduces iatrogenic risk, and is well suited for antineoplastic agent preparation environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" 16","pages":" 3274-3282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ay/d5ay00325c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of chlorine exposure signatures in plant material using targeted and comparative mass spectrometry methods†","authors":"Jayda E. Meisel, Cory S. Fix, Jerry Casbohm, Amy Hill, James Ficker, Christina Saeger, Sarah Dreher, Michael Murray, Craig Shepherd, Kristyn Johnson and Mark R. Bauer","doi":"10.1039/D4AY02076F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4AY02076F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Recent uses of chlorine gas in violation of the Chemical Weapons Convention are difficult to identify through chemical analysis as unique signatures of exposure have not been identified. We exposed living pine seedlings and English ivy to chlorine gas, extracted the pine needles, and analyzed the extracts by liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-qTOF) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOF). Data from exposed seedlings was compared to unexposed seedlings and bleach-treated seedlings using commercial and Battelle proprietary software to identify unique or elevated markers of exposure. Battelle also used targeted mass spectrometry to evaluate 3-chlorotyrosine and 3,5-chlorotyrosine as chlorine exposure biomarkers that were expected to be present in exposed pine needles. We discovered ten (10) chlorine exposure biomarkers in chlorine gas-exposed pine needle and ivy leaf extracts using survey mass spectrometry methods. Additional survey mass spectrometry analysis suggested additional biomarkers (chlorinated glycosylated flavonoid analogs) may be present but that sufficient levels were not generated for detection in extracts from the chlorine gas-exposed samples. Targeted analysis for 3-chlorotyrosine and 3,5-dichlorotyrosine indicated presence of 3-chlorotyrosine in extracts from exposed ivy.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" 15","pages":" 3017-3026"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143750095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of excitation wavelengths in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy coupled to thin-layer chromatography for tadalafil and vardenafil detection as adulterants in herbal healthcare products†","authors":"Dao Thi Cam Minh, Nguyen Thi Quynh Nhu, Le Anh Thi, Le Van Vu, Nguyen Thi Thuy Linh, Vu Ngan Binh, Dang Thi Ngoc Lan, Nguyen Thi Kieu Anh and Pham Thi Thanh Ha","doi":"10.1039/D5AY00219B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5AY00219B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) are frequently adulterated into dietary supplements and herbal healthcare products, in which sildenafil, vardenafil and tadalafil are commonly found. In our previous study, a thin layer chromatography coupled to surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TLC-SERS) method was developed for the detection of sildenafil in herbal products. In the current study, TLC-SERS was further explored for the detection of vardenafil and tadalafil in herbal products. The performances of TLC-SERS using two excitation wavelengths, 633 nm and 785 nm, were also compared for the analysis of these compounds. With the chosen wavelengths of 633 nm for vardenafil and 785 nm for tadalafil, other factors influencing the selectivity and sensitivity of the TLC-SERS method were also optimized. The methods at the chosen analytical conditions were validated and applied to twenty-four real market samples. Two samples were found positive for PDE5Is, and both were adulterated with multiple compounds: one positive for vardenafil and tadalafil and one positive for sildenafil and tadalafil. Parallel analysis by an LC-MS/MS method resulted in the same findings, validating the feasibility of the developed TLC-SERS method.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" 14","pages":" 2867-2877"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-entropy Ag,Pt-based catalyst toward exceptionally high-performance and stable electrochemical detection of nitrite†","authors":"Lan Li, Chao Ding and Wenye Zha","doi":"10.1039/D5AY00257E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5AY00257E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The undisclosed and exceptional electrochemical nitrite sensing performance of a high-entropy Ag,Pt-based catalyst (FeAlCoAgPt) prepared <em>via</em> a solvothermal synthesis method is reported. The morphology, structure, and elemental composition of the prepared FeAlCoAgPt catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The prepared FeAlCoAgPt catalysts were utilized to modify glassy carbon electrodes (GCE), forming the modified electrode FeAlCoAgPt/GCE, which was employed for the electrochemical detection of nitrite. Electrochemical studies showed that FeAlCoAgPt/GCE exhibited a wide linear nitrite determination range of 1.0 μM to 10.0 mM, a low limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 0.92 μM (S/N = 3) and 3.07 μM (S/N = 10) respectively, a high sensitivity of 42.59 μA mM<small>⁻¹</small> cm<small>⁻²</small>, and a quick nitrite response at 0.85 V (response time of 1.2 s), which compared favorably with recent reports in the literature. FeAlCoAgPt/GCE also exhibited favorable anti-interference ability, satisfactory repeatability and extraordinary stability and reusability, and has good feasibility for real sample analysis of nitrite in lake water and milk, with recovery rates ranging from 96.33 to 104.76% and RSD values of less than 4%. As an ideal catalyst with high and stable detection performance, the high-entropy Ag,Pt-based catalyst has great potential to be integrated into next-generation electrochemical sensing devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" 16","pages":" 3111-3117"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}