{"title":"Development of a waterlily-inspired autonomous cloud connected platform for Ca<sup>2+</sup> monitoring.","authors":"İsmail Ağır","doi":"10.1039/d5ay01095k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ay01095k","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we developed an innovative water quality monitoring platform that enables cloud-based data transmission using a calcium ion-selective electrode. On-field measurement systems offer significant advantages for water quality monitoring, as they eliminate the need for laboratory infrastructure and associated logistics required by traditional methods. However, to achieve effective implementation with <i>in situ</i> measurement instruments such as sensors, challenges related to data transmission, energy supply, sampling, and field distribution need to be addressed. To this end, we designed a modular 3D-printed platform inspired by the waterlily, whose broad floating leaves offer natural stability on water surfaces. A custom microfluidic chip was produced to support sensor operation, and a micro-pump was integrated to sample and analyze water samples. We performed all system operations using software algorithms and electronic circuits developed in-house for overall control. The microfluidic system was optimized to enable efficient sampling and reliable delivery of water to the sensor for accurate measurement. The platform was utilised to carry out operations with low energy consumption and low cost, while the data were successfully transmitted and stored in a cloud database.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yunlong Liu, Panpan Liu, Mengjuan Li, Fengyang Wang, Yusong Wan, Yan Qi, Lei Ji, Xiaohui Xiong, Yuanjian Liu
{"title":"Detection of <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 using a molecularly imprinted bacterial bipolar electrode and an Au@metal-organic framework.","authors":"Yunlong Liu, Panpan Liu, Mengjuan Li, Fengyang Wang, Yusong Wan, Yan Qi, Lei Ji, Xiaohui Xiong, Yuanjian Liu","doi":"10.1039/d5ay01382h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ay01382h","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A molecularly imprinted bacterial bipolar electrode (BPE) sensor combined with an Au@metal-organic framework (Au@MOF) was developed for <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 detection. Firstly, dopamine (DA) was mixed with <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 through an electropolymerization process to form a polymer film on the BPE cathode. After bacteria removal, the molecularly imprinted bacterial polydopamine (PDA) film remained on the cathode, exhibiting high specificity for bacterial recognition and binding. Secondly, the <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 aptamer was integrated into the Au@MOF surface by Au-SH covalent bonds. Then, <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 was present at the cathode, and the Au@MOF was assembled onto the electrode surface through the specific binding of aptamers to <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7. Finally, a 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (TMB/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) solution was added to the cathode. Au@MOF exhibited peroxidase-like activity and could catalyze the reduction reaction of the TMB/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> system. Due to the electrical neutrality principle of the BPE, the oxidation reaction of the [Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>/tripropylamine ([Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>/TPA) system occurred at the anode, generating a distinct electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signal. The sensor detected <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 within a concentration range of 1 to 10<sup>6</sup> CFU mL<sup>-1</sup>, with a detection limit of 1 CFU mL<sup>-1</sup>, demonstrating high selectivity and sensitivity. This BPE platform, integrating molecular imprinting and Au@MOF-assisted oxygen reduction, shows significant potential for bacteria detection in various applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Structurally tailored Rh-Au heterodimers: plasmon-boosted oxidase mimetics for facile tea authentication <i>via</i> colorimetric sensing.","authors":"Kai-Xin Song, Xue-Qing Sang, Yan-Ying Zheng, Jin-Fang Nie, Yun Zhang, Wen-Xin Niu, Ya-Li Yuan","doi":"10.1039/d5ay01236h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ay01236h","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While nanozymes show remarkable potential in colorimetric sensing, conventional systems often suffer from compromised sensitivity and operational complexity in complex analytical scenarios. Herein, a novel heterostructured nanozyme by integrating Au nanoparticles with Rh nanocubes is engineered to address this challenge. By precisely constructing cubic-spherical Rh-Au heterodimers (dimers) with controlled interfacial geometry, a 2.5-fold enhancement in oxidase-mimetic activity compared to the monometallic counterpart is achieved along with a (54 ± 5)% decrease in the activation energy (<i>E</i><sub>a</sub>) for the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), using the absorbance of oxidized TMB (oxTMB) as the signal. This result arises from the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect, which catalyzes the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Taking the absorbance of oxTMB as the signal, a multi-channel colorimetric sensing system for tea polyphenol discrimination and tea authentication is developed based on Rh-Au dimers, eliminating the conventional requirement for hydrogen peroxide in the detection process. The experimental data were systematically analyzed through principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), enabling effective classification of seven polyphenols down to 1 μM. Besides, polyphenol mixtures of 7 components as the real sample mimics, together with diverse tea samples of different storage times, brands and types, are successfully differentiated. The developed colorimetric sensing platform establishes a robust analytical framework for polyphenol evaluation in complex tea samples, showing great potential in the field of food quality monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiaojiao Meng, Yuqi Fu, Lei Liu, Zongyi Zhou, Le Yang, Ling Kong, Yu Guan, Guimin Zhang, Hui Sun, Chang Liu, Ye Sun, Ying Han, Xijun Wang
{"title":"Rapid characterization of the constituents in Jingfang Granules by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.","authors":"Jiaojiao Meng, Yuqi Fu, Lei Liu, Zongyi Zhou, Le Yang, Ling Kong, Yu Guan, Guimin Zhang, Hui Sun, Chang Liu, Ye Sun, Ying Han, Xijun Wang","doi":"10.1039/d5ay01208b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ay01208b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Jingfang Granules (JFG) are a contemporary pharmaceutical preparation based on the ancient herbal remedy Jingfang Baidu San, optimized through modern refinement processes and cutting-edge production methods. Clinically, it serves as an effective treatment for viral infections like the common cold, seasonal flu, and upper respiratory ailments. Nevertheless, the incomplete understanding of JFG's chemical profile has hindered research into its therapeutic mechanisms and broader clinical implementation. In this study, Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) was employed for the analysis of constituents in JFG. Combined with the Progenesis QI platform, reference standards, online databases, and self-built databases, as well as the fragmentation rule analysis of mass spectrometry peaks, a total of 132 compounds were preliminarily characterized. These include 49 phenylpropanoids, 39 flavonoids, 12 terpenoids, 8 organic acids, 8 chromones, and 16 other compounds. These compounds may reflect the chemical properties of JFG. The methodology established in this study enables the systematic, rapid, and accurate profiling of the chemical constituents in JFG, thereby providing a solid foundation for enhancing quality standard control and elucidating the basis of pharmacologically active substances.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhikun Zhang, Zixin Wang, Pu Hou, Yapeng Cao, Zhengjie Li, Jilong Han, Runjing Liu, Yumin Liu
{"title":"Copper-metalated COFs with oxidase-like activity for colorimetric glyphosate monitoring using a handheld device.","authors":"Zhikun Zhang, Zixin Wang, Pu Hou, Yapeng Cao, Zhengjie Li, Jilong Han, Runjing Liu, Yumin Liu","doi":"10.1039/d5ay01062d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ay01062d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glyphosate (GLY), as a pesticide, is extensively utilized in farming, and excessive glyphosate residues in food pose serious toxicity to humans. Monitoring of GLY is essential for upholding food safety, public health, and ecosystem well-being. Herein, copper-based covalent organic frameworks (Cu@COFs) as nanozymes were designed to develop a colorimetric strategy for GLY monitoring. Cu@COFs were fabricated using a straightforward one-pot approach to serve as oxidase mimics for 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. In the detection system, upon the introduction of GLY, the Cu@COF-based platform presented a low-intensity color response due to the coordination between GLY and the Cu ions of Cu@COFs. The colorimetric platform demonstrated a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.5 mg L<sup>-1</sup> (3 S/N), with dual linear ranges of 0.5-7 mg L<sup>-1</sup> and 10-100 mg L<sup>-1</sup>, along with excellent sensitivity and selectivity. The proposed sensing platform was utilized to monitor foods containing GLY, including soybean, corn, and sunflower seeds. Meanwhile, a smartphone-compatible handheld device was fabricated for portable, real-time, and user-friendly GLY detection in field settings. Our detection platform provides a promising prospect for application.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145129642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lower critical solution temperature-responsive deep eutectic solvent: a novel tool for triazole fungicide residue analysis in environmental water samples.","authors":"Xuerong Yang, Yu Wang, Linqi Shen, Xiaoyan Jiang, Panfei Li, Jinsong Liu, Zuguang Li","doi":"10.1039/d5ay01159k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ay01159k","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Switchable deep eutectic solvents have attracted increasing attention from researchers due to their unique characteristics of responding to the external environment. In this experiment, a series of temperature-responsive deep eutectic solvents (TRDESs) were prepared with temperature as the response condition and combined with homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction (HLLME) for the detection of six triazole pesticides in environmental water. TRDES-HLLME achieved excellent linearity for pesticides (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> > 0.9968). The enrichment factors (EFs) ranged from 26 to 34. Additionally, the limits of detection (LODs) and the limits of quantification (LOQs) varied between 1.24 and 2.76 μg L<sup>-1</sup> and 4.12 to 9.19 μg L<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) of all target analytes were below 5.5% and 7.4%, respectively. Spiked recoveries ranged from 74.1% to 110.0%. TRDES-HLLME's superior greenness and broad applicability were validated through the implementation of three distinct green assessment tools.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145129579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A switchable deep eutectic solvent-based homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of flavonoids in shuxuening injection.","authors":"Erbing Wang, Yue Zhang, Chen Li, Tingli Qu","doi":"10.1039/d5ay01212k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ay01212k","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction (HLLME) was established based on a switchable deep eutectic solvent (DES) and combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to enrich and determine flavonoids in shuxuening injection (SXNI). The optimal extraction conditions were determined using single factor and Box-Behnken response surface design. Specifically, 3 mL of sample solution was mixed with 150 μL of sDES (<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethylethanolamine:enanthate, 1 : 1 ratio) and vortexed for 30 s. Subsequently, 100 μL of 5.0 mol L<sup>-1</sup> HCl solution was added and vortexed again for 30 s. Under the optimized conditions, the enrichment factors for quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin were 30, 33, and 28, respectively. Quercetin had good linearity in the range of 7.5-300 μg mL<sup>-1</sup>, kaempferol in the range of 8-320 μg mL<sup>-1</sup>, and isorhamnetin in the range of 5-200 μg mL<sup>-1</sup>. Good precision (RSD < 4.0%) and acceptable accuracy (spike recovery, 97.13-111.78%) were obtained. The Analytical Greenness Calculator (AGREE) yielded a score of 0.75 for the sDES-HLLME method and the Green Analysis Program Index (GAPI) showed that the method had a low ecological impact. The established sDES-HLLME method is a simple, green, and efficient sample preparation method with broad application prospects for trace analyte extraction from complex substances.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145129655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karen Kenlderi de Lima Augusto, Paulo Cardoso Gomes-Junior, Renan de Oliveira Gonçalves, Evandro Piccin, Orlando Fatibello-Filho
{"title":"Green synthesis of a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent and application as electrode modifier for electrochemical detection of diuron.","authors":"Karen Kenlderi de Lima Augusto, Paulo Cardoso Gomes-Junior, Renan de Oliveira Gonçalves, Evandro Piccin, Orlando Fatibello-Filho","doi":"10.1039/d5ay01130b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ay01130b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study reports, for the first time, the optimisation of the synthesis of a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (HDES) composed of decanoic acid and tetrabutylammonium bromide, monitored using <i>in situ</i> infrared spectroscopy. The results show that the preparation can be completed in less than 5 minutes at 80 °C, allowing all molecular interactions between the precursors to occur during HDES formation. This remarkably short preparation time reduces energy consumption and, consequently, aligns with the principles of green chemistry and environmental sustainability. Furthermore, the applicability of the synthesised HDES in electrochemical sensor development was assessed by modifying a carbon paste electrode with HDES, multiwalled carbon nanotubes, and mineral oil for the sensitive detection of diuron, a widely used herbicide. Voltammetric analysis exhibited excellent reproducibility (RSD < 5%) and efficient recovery of diuron from tap water samples, 92 and 97%, indicating minimal matrix effects. Moreover, the sensor demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.16 μA L μmol<sup>-1</sup> over a concentration ranging from 1.0 to 47.2 μmol L<sup>-1</sup>, along with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.20 μmol L<sup>-1</sup>, highlighting its potential for environmental monitoring. This study highlights the promise of HDES as an environmentally friendly alternative for electrochemical sensor fabrication, advancing the field of sustainable analytical chemistry. In addition, it confirms the viability of employing simple and green materials in sensor design, thereby strengthening the alignment of this work with the core principles of green chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145129657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shangjun Wang, Hongmei Ji, Yuqian Jia, Bei Huang, Haijiao Dong, Ziyue Liu, Zhuoying Xie, Jie Sun, Jiayi Qian, Zhongze Gu
{"title":"Establishment of a potential reference measurement procedure and reference material for <i>PIK3CA</i> H1047R mutation detection.","authors":"Shangjun Wang, Hongmei Ji, Yuqian Jia, Bei Huang, Haijiao Dong, Ziyue Liu, Zhuoying Xie, Jie Sun, Jiayi Qian, Zhongze Gu","doi":"10.1039/d5ay00429b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ay00429b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>PIK3CA</i> gene mutation is a promising predictor for many different human cancers, especially for breast cancer. Increasing numbers of non-invasive methods have been developed for the detection of <i>PIK3CA</i> mutations. However, a lack of reference measurement procedures (RMPs) and reference materials (RMs) impedes the consistency and comparability of test results in clinical practice. In this study, a potential RMP based on digital PCR (dPCR) and a genomic reference material (RM) for <i>PIK3CA</i> H1047R mutation have been established. The reference method showed good linearity (slope = 1.0078, <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.9999) between the measured and prepared mutant values across the variant allele frequency range from 40% to 0.2%. The limit of detection (LoD) for H1047R was 2.9 copies per μL, corresponding to a fractional abundance of 0.38%. The genomic RM was developed, and its homogeneity and stability assessment indicated that the RM was homogeneous and stable for 16 months at -80 °C. The RM for <i>PIK3CA</i> H1047R was characterized using the established RMP, with the reference values of the copy number concentration for the H1047R mutant and wild-type and fractional abundance being (7.02 ± 0.37) × 10<sup>3</sup> copies per μL, (7.09 ± 0.37) × 10<sup>3</sup> copies per μL, and 49.75% ± 1.69%, respectively. Three test kits were assessed by the RM, and one of the kits displayed inconsistency with the claimed LoD. This indicates that the gDNA RM can provide a useful solution for improving the detection performance and quality control of <i>PIK3CA</i> H1047R assays.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ramalingam Gajendhiran, Abbas Khaja Raees Ahmed, Sivaraj Mithra, Seepoo Abdul Majeed, Azeez Sait Sahul Hameed, Saravanan Jegadeeshwari, Kesavan Muthu, MohamedHanifa NizamMohideen, Aziz Kalilur Rahiman
{"title":"Dual-responsive colorimetric and 'turn on' fluorometric probes for the rapid detection of Cu<sup>2+</sup> and F<sup>-</sup> ions: crystal structure, spectral elucidation, smartphone-based colorimetric readout, and applications in the bio-imaging of zebrafish larvae.","authors":"Ramalingam Gajendhiran, Abbas Khaja Raees Ahmed, Sivaraj Mithra, Seepoo Abdul Majeed, Azeez Sait Sahul Hameed, Saravanan Jegadeeshwari, Kesavan Muthu, MohamedHanifa NizamMohideen, Aziz Kalilur Rahiman","doi":"10.1039/d5ay01091h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ay01091h","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this work, we report two dual-responsive colorimetric and 'turn-on' fluorometric probe molecules 1,5-bis(4-isopropylbenzylidene)carbohydrazone (S1) and 1,5-bis(4-isopropylbenzylidene)thiocarbohydrazone (S2) for the rapid detection of biologically significant inorganic ions. The molecular structure of S1 was confirmed by single crystal X-ray technique, which crystallized in the monoclinic <i>P</i>2<sub>1/<i>c</i></sub> space group. The sensor molecules show dual sensing ability, which displayed highly selective optical detection toward Co<sup>2+</sup> and Cu<sup>2+</sup> cations and F<sup>-</sup> anions over other tested cations (K<sup>+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mn<sup>2+</sup>, Fe<sup>3+</sup>, Co<sup>2+</sup>, Ni<sup>2+</sup>, Cu<sup>2+</sup> and Zn<sup>2+</sup>) and anions (F<sup>-</sup>, Cl<sup>-</sup>, Br<sup>-</sup>, I<sup>-</sup>, HSO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>, ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> and OH<sup>-</sup>), respectively. Astonishingly, the sensor molecules exhibit 'turn-on' fluorometric responses for Cu<sup>2+</sup> and F<sup>-</sup> ions. The binding constant of the probes with the sensed ions was determined by the Benesi-Hildebrand equation and found to be between 2.70 × 10<sup>5</sup> and 1.89 × 10<sup>8</sup> M<sup>-1</sup>, and the limit of detection was found to be between 0.14 and 0.27 μM in the CH<sub>3</sub>CN : DMF (9 : 1, v/v) solution. Job's plot analysis showed 1 : 2 stoichiometry between the probes and the cations and 1 : 1 stoichiometry between the probes and the anion. The probe molecules have been applied for on-site quantitative colorimetric analysis using smartphone-based RGB colour values. Besides, the synthesized probes have been successfully demonstrated for the fluorescence imaging of Cu<sup>2+</sup>/F<sup>-</sup> ions in zebrafish gill cells (<i>Dr</i>G) and larvae.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}