Analytical Methods最新文献

{"title":"Specific fluorescence detection strategy for single-stranded nucleic acids by dual-toehold branch migration†","authors":"Yu Lin, Yaxing Xie, Guoming Xie, Jianhong Zhang, Ying Yu, Yulei Hou and Hui Chen","doi":"10.1039/D5AY00303B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5AY00303B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Small changes in nucleic acid sequences can produce large phenotypic differences and are closely associated with many serious diseases. Therefore, accurate detection of the nucleic acid targets is extremely necessary. Research focusing on improving the detection specificity of the single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and RNA still needs to be developed. Herein, the research developed a specific fluorescence detection strategy for single-stranded nucleic acids through the innovative use of dual-toehold branch migration (DTBM). The ssDNA L<small>₁</small> and miRNA let-7a were selected as single-stranded nucleic acid detection models, respectively. By extension with the KF polymerase, ssDNA L<small>₁</small> was transformed into a double-stranded probe to trigger the DTBM, which ensures the detection specificity. For let-7a detection, a strand displacement amplification (SDA)-triggered DTBM strategy was further proposed. The SDA process formed the ssDNA L<small>₂</small>, which was also converted into a double-stranded probe by enzymes to trigger the subsequent DTBM. This specific fluorescence detection strategy showed high specificity for ssDNA L<small>₁</small> and miRNA let-7a, and the average discrimination factors (DFs) were 24.49 and 30.59, respectively. And it displayed excellent analytical performance. Additionally, this strategy is user-friendly and does not require frequent temperature change steps or sample additions, which brings about great expectations regarding the practical application of ssDNA and miRNA detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" 17","pages":" 3538-3546"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of multicellular spheroid sections embedded with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose for mass spectrometry imaging†","authors":"Xin Wang, Xuantong Liu, Chao Zhao, Zhiyi Yang, Tianyou Cao, Qian Luo and Wei Bian","doi":"10.1039/D5AY00022J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5AY00022J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Compared with organic analysis, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI)-based cellular localization and molecular information investigations are rapidly becoming crucial tools in tumor research, drug screening, and toxicity testing. Fresh-frozen sections are ideal for MSI because they offer much better integrity of biological information than formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sections. However, the suitable sample preparation method, especially to ensure the acquisition of intact sections from cell samples, is critical and has significant effects on MSI application. Herein, we optimized the embedding approaches and developed a thin and transparent cryoplatform using 2% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) to prepare high-quality sections of three-dimensional heterogeneous multicellular tumor spheroids (3D heterogeneous MCTSs) for morphological and MSI analyses. More specifically, four embedding approaches, including the use of 2% CMC, optimum cutting temperature embedding medium (OCT), polyvinylpyrrolidone-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (PVP-HPMC), and CMC-sucrose, were systematically evaluated regarding sample integrity, lipid signal interference, and lipid distributions. Among these, the 2% CMC and PVP-HPMC embedding methods exhibited optimal performance characteristics for morphological and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-MSI analyses. More importantly, these two methods accurately highlighted the heterogeneity of the MCTSs in terms of morphological staining, spatial segmentation, and spatial distribution of lipids, including the necrotic and proliferative micro-areas. This approach allowed assessments of the metabolite expressions at the inter-cellular level, showing that phosphatidylglycerol (PG) (34 : 2), PG (32 : 1), and phosphatidylcholine (PC) (34 : 1) were enriched in the proliferative areas, while phosphatidylinositol (PI) (38 : 5), phosphatidylserine (PS) (40 : 4), and PI (38 : 4) were predominantly located in the necrotic regions. In summary, our method for preparing cell samples has greatly broadened the application range of MSI detection and allows for the extraction of more biological and pathological information associated with tumor research.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" 17","pages":" 3407-3414"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on a TCM evaluation method based on an MIP-modified MOF sensor with highly selective electrocatalytic activity—an Artemisia annua L. perspective†","authors":"Jingbo Zhang, Quancheng Chen, Xuemin Gao, Ziqin Suo, Di Wu, Yunxian Zhou, Yingying Zeng, Yanping Li, Yanyun Che and Qing Chen","doi":"10.1039/D5AY00226E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5AY00226E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Quantitative analysis of artemisinin (ART) in <em>Artemisia annua</em> decoction samples is crucial for the quality assessment of <em>Artemisia annua</em> samples; however, no comprehensive solution currently exists for its rapid and sensitive quantification. This gap necessitates a novel method that accommodates the complex composition of traditional Chinese medicine samples. In this study, we developed an electrochemical sensor suitable for determining the ART content level in <em>Artemisia annua</em>. By introducing MIP-MOF composites, the sensor was endowed with selectivity based on spatial and electronic structures specific to particular molecules. This sensor, which mimics the <em>in vivo</em> pharmacological activation process of ART, could swiftly and selectively measure ART concentrations, thereby providing a reflection of the efficacy of the samples. The sensors’ limit of detection and limit of quantification were determined to be 1.738 × 10<small>⁻¹³</small> M and 4.764 × 10<small>⁻⁹</small> M, respectively. Methodology validation confirmed the great selectivity and accuracy of the sensor. Tests conducted across various <em>Artemisia annua</em> decoction samples, including those from online and offline sources, as well as deteriorated samples, yielded results consistent with the expected ART content levels, demonstrating the sensor's potential for application in <em>Artemisia annua</em> sample quality assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" 17","pages":" 3436-3445"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of pure shift NMR methods for the analysis of complex metabolite mixtures with a benchtop NMR spectrometer†","authors":"Joris Mandral, Simon Roques, Jean-Nicolas Dumez, Patrick Giraudeau and Jonathan Farjon","doi":"10.1039/D5AY00006H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5AY00006H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Compact, low-cost and cryogen-free benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers have become an attractive option for analysing complex biological mixtures. The implementation of spectral simplification methods such as pure shift spectroscopy is particularly important to circumvent the ubiquitous peak overlaps that occur due to the limited resolution of compact instruments. Pure shift (PS) strategies consist of eliminating the signal multiplicity induced by the homonuclear J-couplings observed in 1D <small>¹</small>H NMR spectra, thereby simplifying the spectral information. This paper provides an analytical evaluation of optimised pure shift spectroscopy pulse sequences for the analysis of metabolite mixtures on a recent benchtop NMR spectrometer. Six PS pulse sequences were carefully evaluated, based on three families of PS techniques: 1D projections of 2D J-resolved spectra, Zangger–Sterk (ZS) and PSYCHE. The methods were evaluated in terms of resolution, sensitivity, spectral purity and repeatability. Among the strategies we explored, 1D projections of 2D J-resolved double-echo (J-RES DE) spectra, combined with an improved processing strategy, appeared to offer the best compromise based on these analytical criteria. The potential of this method was illustrated on a complex sample from the food industry and enabled key metabolites to be detected with improved resolution and sensitivity, showing that PS NMR could be used for a rapid (22 minutes) profiling of complex metabolite mixtures on a benchtop NMR spectrometer.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" 16","pages":" 3171-3182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143810245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Masterful ecofriendly maintainable spectrophotometric techniques for considering indacaterol acetate and mometasone furoate: full evaluation and comparison of their greenness, whiteness, and blueness profiles†","authors":"Selvia Maged Adly, Hany Hunter Monir, Safa'a Mohamed Riad and Mohamed Ahmed Elsayed","doi":"10.1039/D5AY00159E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5AY00159E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >People of all ages may suffer from asthma. According to recent research, those who have poorly controlled asthma may be more susceptible to hospitalization and severe symptoms from any respiratory infection, particularly severe ones like the COVID-19 and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) viruses, which could result in the death of these critically ill people. Therefore, a study of the mixture of indacaterol acetate and mometasone furoate which is used in the new remarkable anti-asthmatic Breezhaler will produce substantial gains for the scientific field. A binary blend of (INDA) indacaterol acetate (1.00–30.00) μg mL<small>⁻¹</small>, and (MOM) mometasone furoate (1.00–40.00) μg mL<small>⁻¹</small> was estimated over these ranges using six sensitive, neoteric, rapid, frugal, universal, and explicit spectrophotometric methods using the most satisfactory green solvent: ethanol. These methods are the dual wavelength method, ratio subtraction method, factorized absorbance difference method, advanced absorbance subtraction method, derivative ratio method, and derivative amplitude factor method. These procedures have been sensitively and effectively utilized for the analysis of INDA and MOM in commercial Breezhaler capsules with multiple ratios for the first time with low LOD (0.186 and 0.172) and LOQ values (0.565 and 0.520) for INDA and MOM, respectively, superior to those in other published spectrophotometric work, and they were validated in accordance with ICH specifications. Additionally, they delivered 98–102% recovery percentages and showed RSD% of less than 2 for the studied drugs, confirming their specificity. Ecological aspects of the developed work were evaluated and gave satisfactory results using several evaluation tools [such as NEMI, Eco-Scale (=93), GAPI, AGREE (=76)] for the greenness aspect, RGB (=96.3) for the whiteness aspect, and BAGI (=90) for the blueness aspect. Additionally, an environmental assessment and statistical comparisons were made using Student's <em>t</em>-test and the <em>F</em>-test with the published HPLC method and those methods currently in use.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" 16","pages":" 3305-3319"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective extraction of trace cytokinins in plants based on a carboxyl functionalized microporous organic network†","authors":"Li Chen, Tao Yu, Le Huang, Qiaomei Lu, Wenmin Zhang and Lan Zhang","doi":"10.1039/D5AY00123D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5AY00123D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Cytokinin (CK) is a type of hormone that exists widely in plants and plays a significant role in promoting cell proliferation and division. Developing a rapid and sensitive method for the detection of trace CKs remains challenging. Microporous organic networks (MONs) are novel materials widely used in sample preparation owing to their excellent extraction performance. Therefore, a dispersive solid phase extraction method based on carboxylated microporous organic networks (MON-2COOH), combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for the detection of four CKs was developed. Upon introducing a carboxyl group into pure MON, the MON-2COOH material had excellent stability, high porosity, and a good dispersion effect, and provided more interaction sites to achieve good adsorption of target compounds. Under the best conditions, the established dSPE-UPLC-MS/MS method had the advantages of low adsorbent dosage (2 mg), low detection limit (1.0–10.0 pg mL<small>⁻¹</small>) and good reproducibility (RSD ≤ 6.54%, <em>n</em> = 5). Synergistic extraction mechanisms involving π–π, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions were elucidated using both density functional theory calculations and experimental data. This work also confirmed the feasibility of functionalized MONs as satisfactory adsorbents for the enrichment of small organic compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" 16","pages":" 3320-3330"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of phenolic lignin dimer models for the quantification of monolignols in biomass and in its derived organosolv lignins via thioacidolysis and GC-MS analysis†","authors":"T. Tran Ho, Olivia-Stella Salm, Tiit Lukk and Maria Kulp","doi":"10.1039/D5AY00073D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5AY00073D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A thorough understanding of lignin's fundamental chemistry in lignocellulosic materials is essential for maximizing the efficiency of biorefineries. Thioacidolysis, followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), has emerged as a reliable method for quantifying uncondensed monolignols, which are linked by labile aryl ether bonds within lignin network. However, the lack of commercially available pure thioethylated lignin monomers for GC analysis poses a challenge. This necessitates a multi-step synthesis process, which may not be feasible for all laboratories. We propose a novel approach that utilizes readily available phenolic lignin model dimers to establish a calibration curve for thioacidolysis quantification. These dimers, guaiacylglycerol-β-guaiacyl ether (GGE) and syringylglycerol-β-guaiacyl ether (SGE), upon thioacidolysis, yield thioethylated non-condensed guaiacyl (G) and syringyl (S) monomers. The GC-MS responses of these monomers are compared to those of bisphenol E, an internal standard (IS) to generate the calibration curve. This methodology exhibits excellent performance characteristics and was successfully employed to determine the thioethylated monomer contents and calculate of S/G ratios in three representative biomasses: aspen, barley straw, pine, and their organosolv lignin extracts.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" 16","pages":" 3283-3289"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ay/d5ay00073d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation and analysis of explosive traces in public locations with no military context: a critical review","authors":"Gareth D. Crapper, Alysha S M Green, John R. Dean and Justin J. Perry","doi":"10.1039/D5AY00183H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5AY00183H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This review examines the prevalence of high explosives and gunshot residue (GSR) in public areas with the primary focus on the likelihood of innocent contamination and its implication for forensic investigations. It is found that most studies acknowledge limitations in sample size and geographical scope, emphasizing the need for broader research encompassing diverse locations and environments. Newly applied technologies like Ambient Mass Spectrometry (AMS) and Raman Spectroscopy hold promise for rapid, sensitive, and selective detection of explosives, potentially revolutionising future research and analysis of real-world environments. Multiple studies demonstrate that the detection of high explosive traces like trinitrotoluene (TNT), Research Department Explosive (RDX), and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) in public areas is statistically rare, indicating a low probability of innocent contamination. In addition, research on GSR prevalence reveals a similarly low risk of transfer from public surfaces, and while some organic GSR (oGSR) components like 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT) are common in non-shooting environments, others like trinitroglycerine (TNG), particularly in conjunction with markers like ethyl centralite (EC), hold stronger evidentiary value. This highlights the importance of analysing oGSR compounds in combination and considering the specific context of the case. More broadly, the dual-use nature of certain chemicals (<em>e.g.</em> ammonium nitrate in both explosives and fertilizers) necessitates cautious interpretation. Similarly, brake pad dust mimicking GSR and low volatility explosives like High Melting Explosive (HMX) present challenges for detection and underscore the need for expert analysis considering environmental factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" 17","pages":" 3370-3380"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ay/d5ay00183h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for the sensitive detection of the pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor biomarker chromogranin B based on graphdiyne quantum dots†","authors":"Yunfan Zhou, Min Guo, Yuanliang Li, Huangying Tan, Xu Chen and Wensheng Yang","doi":"10.1039/D5AY00060B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5AY00060B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Neuroendocrine tumor (NET) is a rare and heterogeneous tumor with an increasing incidence, which is often misdiagnosed and frequently presents with distant metastases at the time of diagnosis. Chromogranin B (CgB) is not influenced by other diseases or drug factors, such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), and is therefore expected to serve as a complementary biomarker to improve the early diagnosis of NET. However, the detection sensitivity of CgB urgently requires improvement. In this study, a highly sensitive ECL immunosensor was designed for the detection of CgB. Graphdiyne quantum dots (GDY QDs), synthesized <em>via</em> the hydrothermal treatment of graphdiyne (GDY) nanosheets, exhibited good biocompatibility and a high electrochemiluminescence (ECL) quantum yield (<em>Φ</em><small>_ECL</small> = 218.5%) when using K<small>₂</small>S<small>₂</small>O<small>₈</small> as a co-reactant. With remarkable conductivity and a large surface area, Au NPs effectively loaded a high amount of GDY QDs, thereby enhancing the ECL response. Therefore, the developed ECL immunosensor showed exceptional analytical performance for CgB detection, demonstrating excellent linearity over a range of 10 fg mL<small>⁻¹</small> to 100 ng mL<small>⁻¹</small>, with a limit of detection as low as 1.84 fg mL<small>⁻¹</small> (S/N = 3). Moreover, this immunosensor could detect CgB levels in clinical serum and functioned synergistically with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This work expands the application of GDY QDs in ECL biosensors while also providing a highly sensitive detection method for CgB.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" 16","pages":" 3249-3257"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering gunshot residue flow and deposition mechanisms using novel visualization methods, real-time atmospheric particle sampling, and spectrochemical techniques†","authors":"Thomas D. Ledergerber, Matthew Staymates, Kourtney A. Dalzell, Luis E. Arroyo, Roger Jefferys and Tatiana Trejos","doi":"10.1039/D4AY02283A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4AY02283A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Gunshot residue (GSR) consists of inorganic and organic components released during firearm discharge. Understanding the generation, transport, and settlement of these residues is essential to assess exposure risks and answer questions of forensic interest. Since GSR is prone to depositing in the vicinity of a firing event, its presence on a person of interest is meaningful to evaluate hypotheses about who discharged a firearm or if GSR was acquired by alternative means such as indirect transfer, being a bystander, or passing through the area shortly thereafter. However, the complexity of GSR production and variable dispersion makes its interpretation challenging. This study employs a novel multi-sensor approach to enhance the current understanding of GSR deposition, transference, and persistence. First, a particle counting/sizing system and inexpensive custom-made atmospheric samplers measure the population of airborne particles before, during, and after the firearm discharge. Second, high-speed videography and laser sheet scattering reveals visual and qualitative information about the flow of GSR under various experimental conditions. Finally, SEM-EDS and LC-MS/MS permit the confirmation of the elemental and chemical makeup of residues. This study estimates (a) how IGSR/OGSR are produced during a firing event using various firearms and ammunition, (b) how long it takes to settle on surfaces located at various distances from the firing location, and (c) direct and indirect deposition in indoor, semi-enclosed, and outdoor environments. The combination of these analytical tools provides breakthrough knowledge in forensics and other disciplines where airborne exposure is central, such as environmental sampling and indoor air quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" 17","pages":" 3415-3435"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ay/d4ay02283a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}