A switchable deep eutectic solvent-based homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of flavonoids in shuxuening injection.

IF 2.6 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Analytical Methods Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI:10.1039/d5ay01212k

Erbing Wang, Yue Zhang, Chen Li, Tingli Qu

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Abstract

A homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction (HLLME) was established based on a switchable deep eutectic solvent (DES) and combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to enrich and determine flavonoids in shuxuening injection (SXNI). The optimal extraction conditions were determined using single factor and Box-Behnken response surface design. Specifically, 3 mL of sample solution was mixed with 150 μL of sDES (N,N-dimethylethanolamine:enanthate, 1 : 1 ratio) and vortexed for 30 s. Subsequently, 100 μL of 5.0 mol L^-1 HCl solution was added and vortexed again for 30 s. Under the optimized conditions, the enrichment factors for quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin were 30, 33, and 28, respectively. Quercetin had good linearity in the range of 7.5-300 μg mL^-1, kaempferol in the range of 8-320 μg mL^-1, and isorhamnetin in the range of 5-200 μg mL^-1. Good precision (RSD < 4.0%) and acceptable accuracy (spike recovery, 97.13-111.78%) were obtained. The Analytical Greenness Calculator (AGREE) yielded a score of 0.75 for the sDES-HLLME method and the Green Analysis Program Index (GAPI) showed that the method had a low ecological impact. The established sDES-HLLME method is a simple, green, and efficient sample preparation method with broad application prospects for trace analyte extraction from complex substances.

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切换深共晶溶剂基均相液-液微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定舒血宁注射液中总黄酮的含量。

建立了一种基于可切换深度共晶溶剂（DES）的均相液液微萃取（HLLME）方法，并结合高效液相色谱（HPLC）富集测定舒血宁注射液（SXNI）中总黄酮的含量。采用单因素和Box-Behnken响应面设计确定最佳提取条件。取3 mL样品溶液与150 μL sDES （N，N-二甲基乙醇胺：烯酸盐，1:1比例）混合，旋转30 s。随后，加入100 μL 5.0 mol L-1的HCl溶液，再次涡旋30 s。在优化条件下，槲皮素、山奈酚和异鼠李素的富集系数分别为30、33和28。槲皮素在7.5 ~ 300 μ mL-1范围内呈良好的线性关系，山奈酚在8 ~ 320 μ mL-1范围内呈良好的线性关系，异鼠李素在5 ~ 200 μ mL-1范围内呈良好的线性关系。精密度良好（RSD < 4.0%），准确度可接受（峰回收率为97.13 ~ 111.78%）。sDES-HLLME方法的分析绿色度计算器（AGREE）得分为0.75，绿色分析程序指数（GAPI）显示该方法的生态影响较低。所建立的sDES-HLLME法是一种简单、绿色、高效的样品制备方法，在复杂物质中提取痕量分析物具有广阔的应用前景。

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