人类工效学 Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/ESA.V24I2

Christian Hentschel, Jens Mühlstedt, B. Spanner-Ulmer

{"title":"The effects of task familiarity on performance and strain during a self-paced lifting and lowering task","authors":"Christian Hentschel, Jens Mühlstedt, B. Spanner-Ulmer","doi":"10.4314/ESA.V24I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ESA.V24I2","url":null,"abstract":"The concept that self-selected work-rest scheduling and pacing can be an effective tool to prevent fatigue build-up, and therefore overexertion injuries, is relatively unexplored in the literature. Despite the increase in automation in the workplace and forced work pace as a result, there are still many jobs that allow workers to select their own work pace and rest breaks. Numerous factors, such as task familiarity influence a worker's work-rest scheduling. This study is aimed at determining the effects of task familiarity on work-rest scheduling, physiological and subjective strain, as well as work performance in a self-paced lifting and lowering task. Twelve healthy and moderately fit female university students, between 18 and 25 years of age, participated in this study. Participants were required to attend four sessions during which they lifted and lowered a 10 kg crate 120 times at a self-selected work rate, resting whenever and for as long asthey needed. The first session was set as the \"unfamiliar\" condition. This was followed by two familiarization sessions to ensure that the participants were accustomed to thetask in the last session, set as the \"familiar\" condition. Work-rest scheduling data, heart rate, electromyographical data, subjective exertion responses and work rate weremeasured during the \"unfamiliar\" and \"familiar\" conditions. No data were collected during the second and third sessions. The results showed that task familiarity resulted in significantly (p<0.05) shorter overall working time due to less rest breaks and shorter rest break durations, while overall performance, such as lifting rate, increased.Significant reductions in physiological and perceptual strain were also evident from lower heart rates, EMG responses of the erector spinae, and central and local ratings of perceived exertion under the \"familiar\" condition.","PeriodicalId":64555,"journal":{"name":"人类工效学","volume":"2004 1","pages":"31-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87057867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Leadership and work pressure as predictors of health and safety (H&S) behaviour in the South African construction industry 领导能力和工作压力作为南非建筑业健康和安全(H&S)行为的预测因素

人类工效学 Pub Date : 2011-11-01 DOI: 10.4314/ESA.V23I1

C. Mulenga, Jeffrey J. Bagraim, J. Smallwood

引用次数: 4

A model of CCTV surveillance operator performance 闭路电视监控操作员性能模型

人类工效学 Pub Date : 2010-12-01 DOI: 10.4314/ESA.V22I2

Fiona M. Donald

{"title":"A model of CCTV surveillance operator performance","authors":"Fiona M. Donald","doi":"10.4314/ESA.V22I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ESA.V22I2","url":null,"abstract":"Closed circuit television (CCTV) is used extensively to improve public safety and protect critical infrastructure in many countries. However, researchers have obtained mixed findings regarding its effectiveness. One possible explanation for this is that insufficient attention has been devoted to the human side of CCTV systems and detection processes, namely CCTV surveillance operators. These operators are required to sustain high levels of alertness and attention over extended periods of time, as with CCTV surveillance. Vigilance research has identified numerous factors that influence performance. However, these have typically been developed in isolation from the perceptual-cognitive processes involved in visual search and monitoring - key activities of operators. The aim of this paper was to integrate the factors into a holistic theoretical model of performance for CCTV operators, drawing on areas such as vigilance, human factors in system design, and perceptual-cognitive processes involved in visual search and monitoring. The model consists of five key components - the socio-political and industry contexts, organisational context, technological system and job design, operator processes and performance. It can be used as a basis for research regarding CCTV and for diagnosing performance issues in the operational context.","PeriodicalId":64555,"journal":{"name":"人类工效学","volume":"45 1","pages":"2-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73775841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Preliminary investigations into the impact of an ergonomics intervention for garment workers 人体工程学干预对服装工人影响的初步调查

人类工效学 Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.4314/ESA.V21I2

A. Ganguli, P. Parimalam, K. Balakamakshi

引用次数: 3

A preliminary investigation of spinal kinematics during sugar cane harvesting 甘蔗收获过程中脊柱运动学的初步研究

人类工效学 Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.4314/ESA.V20I2

A. Todd

{"title":"A preliminary investigation of spinal kinematics during sugar cane harvesting","authors":"A. Todd","doi":"10.4314/ESA.V20I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ESA.V20I2","url":null,"abstract":"The sugar cane industry forms a significant portion of the South African economy, and unlike many other countries the harvesting of sugar cane in South Africa remains manual in nature. The focus of the present study was therefore on the assessment of spinal kinematics (range of motion, velocities and accelerations in all three cardinal planes) during the harvesting process. Eight workers were recruited from the Illovo Esperanza farm in Kwa-zulu Natal as subjects for the study. The experimental protocol was conducted in situ and required subjects to cut the sugar cane using specially modified knives as they would under normal harvesting conditions. The motion performance was quantified using the lumbar motion monitor (LMM), a triaxial electrogoniometer. Results indicate that the harvesting of sugar cane places excessive demands on the spine. During cutting, subjects were required to maintain the spine in a high degree of flexion throughout the task which also demonstrated significant twisting and lateral bending. Of particular concern were the high lateral velocities (ranging between 50 and 90 m.s -1 ), as this is a key risk factor in the development of lower back pain. It is evident from these results that new techniques of harvesting sugar cane are essential to reduce the rate of injury within this industry. Keywords: Sugarcane harvesting, lower back, spinal kinematics.","PeriodicalId":64555,"journal":{"name":"人类工效学","volume":"25 1","pages":"15-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90867241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

THE INFLUENCE OF ARCHITECTURAL DESIGNERS ON CONSTRUCTION ERGONOMICS 建筑设计师对建筑人机工程学的影响

人类工效学 Pub Date : 2008-06-01 DOI: 10.4314/ESA.V20I1

J. Smallwood

{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF ARCHITECTURAL DESIGNERS ON CONSTRUCTION ERGONOMICS","authors":"J. Smallwood","doi":"10.4314/ESA.V20I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ESA.V20I1","url":null,"abstract":"Relative to other industries in South Africa and construction industries world wide,the construction process generates a disproportionate number of fatalities, injuries and disease and both the direct and indirect costs contribute to the cumulative cost of construction. \u0000Designers influence construction ergonomics directly and indirectly. The direct influence is as a result of design, details and method of fixing, and depending upon the type of procurement system, supervisory and administrative interventions. The indirect influence is as a result of the type of procurement system used, pre-qualification, project time, partnering and the facilitating of pre-planning. \u0000The purpose of the paper was to present the results of a study conducted among architectural practices in South Africa to determine their perceptions and practices relative to construction ergonomics. The following constitute the salient findings. Cost, quality, and time are more important to architectural practices than construction ergonomics and project health and safety (H&S). Ergonomics during the user phase is more important to architectural practices than the other phases. A range of design related aspects impact on construction ergonomics. To a degree, construction ergonomics is considered on most design, procurement and construction occasions by architectural practices. Experience predominates in terms of the means by which ergonomics knowledge was acquired. A range of aspects have the potential to contribute to an improvement in knowledge and the application of construction ergonomics. \u0000The paper concludes that architectural designers contribute to construction ergonomics, but that there is potential for and a clear need for enhanced contributions. Recommendations include the inclusion of construction ergonomics in architectural designer tertiary education and continuing professional development (CPD).","PeriodicalId":64555,"journal":{"name":"人类工效学","volume":"98 1","pages":"40-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87227589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

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