人类工效学 Pub Date : 2017-03-14 DOI: 10.4314/ESA.V28I2.5

M. Findlay, J. Heckmann, S. Sivarasu

{"title":"A modular and adjustable ptosis crutch as a non-surgical, low cost solution for elevating the upper eyelid in Myasthenia Gravis","authors":"M. Findlay, J. Heckmann, S. Sivarasu","doi":"10.4314/ESA.V28I2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ESA.V28I2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder that affects the neuromuscular junction. MG is characterised by the fatigable weakness of skeletal muscles, commonly affecting the eye and facial muscles. Africans with MG, particularly juveniles, are more likely to develop treatment-resistance of their ocular muscles, including severe blepharoptosis. Blepharoptosis, or ptosis, describes the condition of a drooping upper eyelid(s). Surgical correction of ptosis is often contraindicated in MG patients. In these cases, a non-surgical solution to elevate the ptotic eyelid above the visual axis is required. Objective: To design a ptosis crutch to elevate the ptotic eyelid(s) of MG patients. The crutch should be low cost, modular and adjustable in nature. Method: A bottom-up approach was followed for the design of the ptosis crutch. The requirements were defined according to patient, clinician and designer specifications. It underwent numerous iterations before the final design was manufactured, using 3D printing. 87 design failures were observed before the final design was realised. It was the design, test, fail, redesign cycle that lead to the discovery of a device that satisfied the requirements. Results: The ptosis crutch attaches to the superior border of the spectacle frame and is adjustable along the x, y and z-axes to cater for the inter-individual variability of horizontal eye position, globe projection and the eyelid elevation required. Conclusion: MG patient feedback on the ptosis crutch has shown a promising outcome for the device. Future work will include obtaining long term user feedback on the ptosis crutch.","PeriodicalId":64555,"journal":{"name":"人类工效学","volume":"39 1","pages":"49-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90504953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

An investigation of posture and manual materials handling as risk factors for low back pain in delivery drivers 运输司机腰痛的危险因素:姿势和手工搬运

人类工效学 Pub Date : 2017-03-14 DOI: 10.4314/ESA.V28I2.3

O. Okunribido

引用次数: 6

Green building and construction worker Ergonomics : a pilot investigation 绿色建筑与建筑工人工效学:试点调查

人类工效学 Pub Date : 2017-03-14 DOI: 10.4314/ESA.V28I2.4

C. Sass, J. Smallwood

{"title":"Green building and construction worker Ergonomics : a pilot investigation","authors":"C. Sass, J. Smallwood","doi":"10.4314/ESA.V28I2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ESA.V28I2.4","url":null,"abstract":"The literature indicates that ‘green’ building is so focused on ensuring a sustainable design to create an environment for the final occupants that meets environmentally, healthy standards, that construction workers' health is being overlooked.Two descriptive surveys were conducted among general contractor members of the East Cape Masters Builders Association (ECMBA) and members of the Eastern Cape Institute of Architects (ECIA) using self-administered questionnaires.The salient findings are: contractors and architects identified there is a major need for ‘green’ building to address construction worker health and safety (HS workers become ill due to being exposed to health hazards; contractors indicate job security and unrealistic time for activities are the main factors contributing to workers experiencing stress; unsatisfactory working conditions, long working hours and demanding construction activities / tasks also contribute to workers becoming stressed; workers experience work related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) due to strenuous work tasks, psychosocial factors, and hand arm vibration syndrome.Conclusions include: construction workers are exposed to many ergonomic and HS construction worker H&S is still not viewed as ‘a value’ in terms of ‘green’ building, and there is a need for focus on ‘designing for construction ergonomics and H&S’.","PeriodicalId":64555,"journal":{"name":"人类工效学","volume":"1 1","pages":"28-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86422803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Comparing fatigue responses between healthy individuals and asymptomatic low back pain sufferers - implications for return-to-work : a pilot study 比较健康个体和无症状腰痛患者的疲劳反应-对重返工作的影响:一项初步研究

人类工效学 Pub Date : 2017-03-14 DOI: 10.4314/ESA.V28I2.2

Miriam C. Mattison, Natalie Ross

{"title":"Comparing fatigue responses between healthy individuals and asymptomatic low back pain sufferers - implications for return-to-work : a pilot study","authors":"Miriam C. Mattison, Natalie Ross","doi":"10.4314/ESA.V28I2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ESA.V28I2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Although most LBP episodes are acute, research suggests that up to two-thirds of people suffer pain relapses within a year. As muscle fatigue is considered a risk factor for the development of work-related musculoskeletal disorder, it was hypothesised that workers, who have seemingly recovered, i.e. are asymptomatic, display premature fatigue responses and may therefore be at elevated risk of re-injury. 30 volunteers were recruited: 10 without LBP history, 10 participants who experienced their last bout of symptoms between 9 and 12 months ago, and 10 participants who had been injured within the last 3 months. All groups were matched for basic demographic variables and individuals with LBP history were pain-free. Participants performed a self-paced repetitive lifting and lowering task until they reached a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) for the back of 17. Isometric back strength and joint position sense (deviation from 45o trunk flexion) were measured pre and post protocol. Task duration, back RPE, and sEMG of selected trunk and leg muscles were recorded throughout the protocol. Statistical significance was identified at p<0.05 using a one-way ANOVA with Tukey Post-hoc analyses. Although the groups with a LBP history displayed greater decrements in relative back strength, time to exertion and perceptions of effort, compared to the uninjured group, spectral analyses indicated that fewer LBP participants exhibited fatigue of the assessed muscles, and no differences were found for joint position sense compared to the uninjured participants. These results imply that previously injured participants displayed exaggerated subjective responses to the lifting task, which can be attributed to “fear avoidance behaviour”.Keywords: Fatigue, injury history, low back pain, re-injury, return-to-work","PeriodicalId":64555,"journal":{"name":"人类工效学","volume":"33 1","pages":"2-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77558632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

User-centric design considerations for women's functional protective wear for the construction industry in Southern Africa 南部非洲建筑行业妇女功能性防护服以用户为中心的设计考虑

人类工效学 Pub Date : 2016-08-01 DOI: 10.4314/ESA.V28I1.2

Bongiwe Kolisi, M. M'Rithaa

{"title":"User-centric design considerations for women's functional protective wear for the construction industry in Southern Africa","authors":"Bongiwe Kolisi, M. M'Rithaa","doi":"10.4314/ESA.V28I1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ESA.V28I1.2","url":null,"abstract":"This discussion paper highlights the preliminary findings of an investigation into ergonomic considerations in the design of women’s protective clothing. The study investigates the assumption that there is a dearth in the product offerings of the women’s protective wear that are empathic, ergonomically designed with good fit, and offer acceptable levels of comfort for women working in the construction trade. The research employs a qualitative research method – including interviews with key actors such as women working in the construction industry, manufacturers, and suppliers. The unique morphological features associated with steatopygia that are common in the sub-region, and yet not fully accommodated in the design of context-responsive work wear, are discussed in this paper. The paper explores prevailing attitudes amongst manufacturers and suppliers to motivate them to offer superior products for women in the construction industry. A higher adoption rate of the redesigned women’s protective wear could correlate to reductions in downtime associated with general occupational health and safety issues, as well as the nugatory impact of low levels of comfort, protection and garment fit. Subsequently, a boosted self-confidence and higher levels of motivation occasioned by a positive body image would validate the efficacy of the intended ergonomic design intervention. Keywords: 3D scanning; body image; clothing fit; construction industry; ergonomics; protective wear","PeriodicalId":64555,"journal":{"name":"人类工效学","volume":"291 1","pages":"3-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73651691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Prevalence and associated risk factors of work-related muscoskeletal disorders among road construction workers in a Nigerian community 尼日利亚社区筑路工人中与工作有关的肌肉骨骼疾病的患病率及相关危险因素

人类工效学 Pub Date : 2016-08-01 DOI: 10.4314/ESA.V28I1.4

A. Egwuonwu, C. P. Mbaoma, A. Abdullahi

{"title":"Prevalence and associated risk factors of work-related muscoskeletal disorders among road construction workers in a Nigerian community","authors":"A. Egwuonwu, C. P. Mbaoma, A. Abdullahi","doi":"10.4314/ESA.V28I1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ESA.V28I1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs) represent a significant occupational problem among road construction workers. This study conducted a prevalence and symptom survey of WRMDs among road construction workers in a Nigerian community and its relationship with risk factors over a twelve month period.\u0000The study involved 100 consecutively sampled respondents from construction workers in a Nigerian community. The short version of the Dutch Musculoskeletal questionnaire was used to collect data on demographics, 12 months' prevalence, risk factor and health seeking behavior of respondents. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while spearman rank correlation was used to test correlation at 0.05 α level.\u0000A high WRMDs prevalence of 66% rate was reported, with low back (55%) being the most frequently reported body part for symptoms, followed by neck at 45%, while the least prevalent was the left hip/thigh (8%). Significant correlations existed between WRMDs and BMI (p = 0.003), work hours per week (p = 0.018), work exertion (p = 0.004), risk factors (p = 0.001). Logistics regression analysis showed that work organizational factors were significant predictors of WRMDs report of symptoms. Meanwhile, self-medication was the major means adopted by the respondents to alleviate musculoskeletal pain. \u0000It is recommended that preventive strategies be adopted to minimize occurrence of WRMDs among these workers in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":64555,"journal":{"name":"人类工效学","volume":"19 1","pages":"25-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81374662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Regression models for predicting anthropometric measurements of students needed for ergonomics school furniture design 回归模型预测人体工程学学校家具设计所需的学生的人体测量

人类工效学 Pub Date : 2016-08-01 DOI: 10.4314/ESA.V28I1.5

S. O. Oladapo, O. Akanbi

引用次数: 1

A comparison between skinfold callipers and ultrasound imaging for assessing body composition in recreationally active students 皮褶卡尺与超声成像在娱乐活动学生身体成分评估中的比较

人类工效学 Pub Date : 2016-08-01 DOI: 10.4314/ESA.V28I1.3

K. Nolte, R. V. D. Merwe, Cindy A. Helena, H. Nolte, J. V. D. Meulen

引用次数: 1

Ergonomics and technologies : regulatory compliance in the virtual office in South Africa 人体工程学和技术:南非虚拟办公室的法规遵从性

人类工效学 Pub Date : 2016-03-30 DOI: 10.4314/ESA.V27I2.2

E. Ferreira, E. A. Strydom

{"title":"Ergonomics and technologies : regulatory compliance in the virtual office in South Africa","authors":"E. Ferreira, E. A. Strydom","doi":"10.4314/ESA.V27I2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ESA.V27I2.2","url":null,"abstract":"This article reports on a study conducted among virtual office employees (n=163) in South Africa. Interest in this topic was triggered by the influence of technological developments that have changed the traditional office scenario. The purpose of the study was to investigate the extent to which policies, regulations and legislation in terms of ergonomics and technologies are put into practice in order to ensure compliance. The absence of policies, regulations and legislation means that no information or training is available for teleworkers that could prevent health and wellness problems. An empirical study was conducted using two structured questionnaires, one for managers and one for employees. The main findings indicate that although a telework policy was in place, not all organisations had formal telework agreements with teleworkers. Arrangements with employees were of an informal nature and the application of policies and regulations was very low. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders may develop if the correct ergonomic principles are not applied. Organisations that allow flexible work arrangements must endeavour to adhere to the relevant Acts and government regulations to ensure that teleworkers work in a safe environment, protecting them from risk factors leading to health and wellness problems.","PeriodicalId":64555,"journal":{"name":"人类工效学","volume":"1987 1","pages":"4-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82267216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The influence of resistance training on the magnitude of change in the resting metabolic rate, program compliance and related obesogenic anthropometric parameters in obese and normal-weight female employees 阻力训练对肥胖和正常体重女性员工静息代谢率、项目依从性及相关致肥人体测量参数变化幅度的影响

人类工效学 Pub Date : 2016-03-30 DOI: 10.4314/ESA.V27I2.3

M. Swanepoel, G. Strydom

{"title":"The influence of resistance training on the magnitude of change in the resting metabolic rate, program compliance and related obesogenic anthropometric parameters in obese and normal-weight female employees","authors":"M. Swanepoel, G. Strydom","doi":"10.4314/ESA.V27I2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ESA.V27I2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity is a global health concern affecting all walks of life, with alarming prevalence in South African employees. Various companies have already implemented health promotion programs in order to improve employee health; however research focusing on the effect of a resistance training intervention in order to address obesity among employees is scare. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine the influence of resistance training (RT) on the resting metabolic rate (RMR), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM) and compliance in a group of obese and normal-weight female employees. Seventy-seven pre-menopausal women (25 - 35 years) were recruited and divided into an obese, (BMI ≥ 30) and normal-weight group (BMI ≤ 25.0). Both groups completed a supervised progressive RT program (3 sessions of 40 -50 minutes/week), spread across 12 weeks. Assessments were performed every 4 weeks and results were analysed using the Linear Mixed Model procedure. The normal-weight group (NWG) showed practically significant increases from baseline to 12-weeks in FFM (d = 0.83), RMR (d = 0.58) and exercise compliance (d = 0.58) while the obese group (OG) showed practically significant decreases in WC (d = 0.32) and BMI (d = 0.31). Considering the intra-group % change (baseline to 12-weeks) it is clear that the NWG showed significant increases in RMR (7.0%), FFM (7.8%) and exercise compliance (15.8%) while the OG showed a significant decrease in WC (3.0%) and exercise compliance (9.3%). It seems therefore that the magnitude of change resulting from resistance training (moderate intensity) in NWG differs from that of the OG.","PeriodicalId":64555,"journal":{"name":"人类工效学","volume":"2016 1","pages":"18-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86702368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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