人类工效学 Pub Date : 2016-03-30 DOI: 10.4314/ESA.V27I2.5

J. Lu

{"title":"Pesticide-related safety risks among vegetable farmers : a cross sectional study","authors":"J. Lu","doi":"10.4314/ESA.V27I2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ESA.V27I2.5","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to assess the pesticide-related safety risks that Benguet farmers face on a regular basis. Pesticide residue in soil and crops, as well as farmers' knowledge and practices on pesticide were assessed. Methods consisted of survey questionnaire among 38 farmers, and the use of gas chromatography for the analysis of soil and crop samples. All farmers used more than one type of pesticide, most of whom used three types (73.7%). The most common was organophosphate (45.2%). Twelve of the identified pesticide brands were insecticides while the remaining two were fungicides. Twenty-three practiced cocktailing of pesticides (60.5%), mostly to save time. The most common PPE used while spraying pesticides were gas masks, gloves and boots. For the soil and crop samples, 3 soil samples were positive for Chlorpyrifos, two of which exceeded the maximum residue level (MRL). Of the 3 that were positive for Cypermethrin, all exceeded the MRL. Caution must be exercised when handling these potentially harmful pesticides. Proper equipment maintenance, cleaning and storage must be observed to prevent unnecessary pesticide exposure. Pesticide companies and the agricultural branches of the government must work towards adequate user education, focusing on safe handling of pesticides.","PeriodicalId":64555,"journal":{"name":"人类工效学","volume":"1 1","pages":"50-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91317969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Demographic, ergonomic and psychosocial factors affecting work related musculoskeletal discomforts in tobacco processing 影响烟草加工中与工作相关的肌肉骨骼不适的人口统计学、人体工程学和社会心理因素

人类工效学 Pub Date : 2016-03-30 DOI: 10.4314/ESA.V27I2.4

A. Nag, H. Vyas, P. Nag

{"title":"Demographic, ergonomic and psychosocial factors affecting work related musculoskeletal discomforts in tobacco processing","authors":"A. Nag, H. Vyas, P. Nag","doi":"10.4314/ESA.V27I2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ESA.V27I2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Work related musculoskeletal disorders have been associated with demographic factors, work stresses and psycho-social stress symptoms. The study aimed to evaluate factors associated with MSDs in different body regions among Indian tobacco processing workers. A group of 450 tobacco processing workers participated in the study. A questionnaire comprising of demographic factors, work related exposures, psycho-social stress and musculoskeletal discomforts was administered. Self-reported prevalence of MSDs, correlation statistics and risk estimates were calculated. Females reported a higher prevalence of discomfort in the upper back, lower back and knees. The ANOVA showed that female workers perceived the work environment and physical activity to be more strenuous compared to their male counterparts. Correlation analyses suggest the influence of different work related aspects on pain in different regions. Physically demanding task situations, high physical activity and poor task clarity were associated with MSDs in both female and male tobacco processing workers. In males, poor job feedback and badly illuminated workspaces, and in females highly specialized job and high skill levels required were associated with MSDs. Psychosocial stress symptoms of workers were found to be associated with pain in different body parts Strategies need to be formulated to improve adverse working conditions to reduce pain related problems and to improve performance in the tobacco processing work.","PeriodicalId":64555,"journal":{"name":"人类工效学","volume":"284 1","pages":"33-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87097863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The Role of Ergonomics in Sustainable Agricultural Development in Nigeria 人体工程学在尼日利亚可持续农业发展中的作用

人类工效学 Pub Date : 2015-08-01 DOI: 10.4314/ESA.V27I1.4

O. Obi

{"title":"The Role of Ergonomics in Sustainable Agricultural Development in Nigeria","authors":"O. Obi","doi":"10.4314/ESA.V27I1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ESA.V27I1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Nigeria is mainly an agrarian society, with the majority of her rural populace involved in agriculture. Agricultural working conditions in Nigeria are extremely difficult due to severe environmental conditions, long working hours, strenuous work and the use of simple farm tools. The extreme working conditions can lead to the development of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs), which have been recognized as the most prevalent of all safety issues in agriculture. This paper reviews the role of ergonomics on sustainable agricultural development in Nigeria. Agriculture plays a key role in the Nigerian economy and hence the need for sustained development within the sector. Ergonomic intervention in Nigeria was identified as a key driver for sustainable development while fostering safety and comfort of agricultural workers. Mechanization alone is not sufficient to achieve the desired development in agriculture due to the high cost associated with it, but with improvement on existing simple tools and modification of existing machines based on ergonomic considerations, sustainable development can be attained. The awareness of ergonomics among stakeholders in the sector and the impact of musculoskeletal disorders on Nigerian agricultural workers were reviewed. The benefits accruable from ergonomic intervention in Nigerian agriculture were also identified.","PeriodicalId":64555,"journal":{"name":"人类工效学","volume":"205 1","pages":"33-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77040782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Ergonomic chair explorative intervention study : effect on chronic upper quadrant musculoskeletal dysfunction, disability and productivity in female computer workers 人体工学椅探索性干预研究:对女性电脑工作者慢性上腹肌肉骨骼功能障碍、残疾和工作效率的影响

人类工效学 Pub Date : 2015-08-01 DOI: 10.4314/ESA.V27I1.3

M. Wills, Q. Louw

{"title":"Ergonomic chair explorative intervention study : effect on chronic upper quadrant musculoskeletal dysfunction, disability and productivity in female computer workers","authors":"M. Wills, Q. Louw","doi":"10.4314/ESA.V27I1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ESA.V27I1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Persistent upper quadrant musculoskeletal pain and disability are common in female computer workers; they are associated with a complex relationship between individual, work-related and psychosocial factors. Upper quadrant musculoskeletal dysfunction has been associated with reduced work performance. Although there is lack of evidence for an adjustable office chair on computer workers' upper quadrant dysfunction and productivity, an adjustable office chair may provide a platform to change the computer workstation set-up and thereby have an effect on upper quadrant musculoskeletal structures. The aim of this two single-subject (n=1) explorative study was to determine whether an adjustable ergonomic office chair was associated with self-reported improvement in chronic upper quadrant musculoskeletal dysfunction and work productivity among female computer workers, compared to a less adjustable ergonomic office chair. Results found a clinically meaningful short-term reduction in both participants' self-reported upper quadrant pain and perceived muscle tension. One participant's results showed a clinically meaningful reduction in self-reported neck disability and work impairment, resulting from the upper quadrant musculoskeletal dysfunction. The other participants' baseline values for both neck disability and work impairment were too low for a meaningful comparison. Study findings indicated that a height-adjustable ergonomic office chair reduced upper quadrant musculoskeletal dysfunction in two female computer workers. This explorative study forms the foundation for further studies that aim to make office chair recommendations for female computer workers to reduce UQ musculoskeletal dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":64555,"journal":{"name":"人类工效学","volume":"26 1","pages":"13-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73162112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Evaluation of work related musculoskeletal disorder and postural stress among female potato cultivators in West Bengal, India 印度西孟加拉邦女性马铃薯栽培者与工作相关的肌肉骨骼疾病和姿势应激的评估

人类工效学 Pub Date : 2015-08-01 DOI: 10.4314/ESA.V27I1.5

Amitava Pal, Sujaya De, P. Sengupta, P. Maity, P. Dhara

{"title":"Evaluation of work related musculoskeletal disorder and postural stress among female potato cultivators in West Bengal, India","authors":"Amitava Pal, Sujaya De, P. Sengupta, P. Maity, P. Dhara","doi":"10.4314/ESA.V27I1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ESA.V27I1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Apart from cereal production (rice, wheat, etc.) agricultural labourers are engaged in different vegetable cultivations in West Bengal, India, of which potato cultivation is one of the more important vegetable cultivations. Potato cultivation requires manual work and workers are exposed to extreme postural stresses. The present study was aimed at evaluating the musculoskeletal disorder and postural stress experienced by female workers engaged in potato cultivation. The study was conducted on 155 female cultivators in different districts of West Bengal state (India). A modified Nordic Questionnaire and Body Part Discomfort Scale were applied to identify musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in different body parts. The postural stress was analyzed by four methods, viz. OVAKO Working Postures Analysis System (OWAS), Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), and Quick Exposure Check (QEC). From the results it was revealed that the prevalence of MSDs among the female workers was very high and the most affected areas were the back and upper extremities. Stooping and squatting postures were the dominating postures in potato cultivation jobs. Postural analysis indicated that during potato harvesting the workers were subjected to greater postural stress than that of other tasks. Postural stress might be the reason for the occurrence of MSDs. Thus, immediate ergonomic interventions are needed to reduce work stress of the women potato cultivators by correcting awkward postures.","PeriodicalId":64555,"journal":{"name":"人类工效学","volume":"6 1","pages":"46-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77105616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Perceived exertion and metabolic cost during progressive and randomized walking protocols 渐进式和随机步行方案中的感知消耗和代谢消耗

人类工效学 Pub Date : 2015-08-01 DOI: 10.4314/ESA.V27I1.2

S. Davies

{"title":"Perceived exertion and metabolic cost during progressive and randomized walking protocols","authors":"S. Davies","doi":"10.4314/ESA.V27I1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ESA.V27I1.2","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study was to ascertain whether selected physiological responses and the perception of effort varied during four different walk protocols where speed increased progressively 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 km.hr-1 (progressive treadmill walk (PTW); and progressive land walk (PLW); or where the participant adjusted to random changes of speed e.g. 6, 4, 7, 3, and 5 km.hr-1 during a randomized treadmill walk (RTW); and a randomized land walk (RLW). Mean stature and mass of the seven participants was 1.75m and 70kg respectively, with a mean body fat of 15%. Metabolic measures included heart rate, relative oxygen uptake, ventilation, respiration frequency, which increased in a linear fashion up to 6 km.hr-1, however at 7 km.hr-1 there was a significant increase in metabolic response notably during the PLW, and to a similar, although lesser extent in RLW, probably as a consequence of the loss of kinetic energy when turning at each cone in order to maintain the speed during each shuttle. Respiration frequency appeared to be a more sensitive indicator of physical exertion, exhibiting a rapid elevation at 6 km.hr-1. The perception of effort during each mode and at each speed was largely congruent during each walk protocol. Keywords: Walking, Ratings of Perceived Exertion, Metabolic, Progressive and Random","PeriodicalId":64555,"journal":{"name":"人类工效学","volume":"43 1","pages":"2-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84435364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Important Health and Safety Performance Improvement Indicators for Small & Medium Construction Enterprises in South Africa: Eliciting Expert Opinion Using the Delphi Technique 南非中小型建筑企业的重要健康和安全绩效改进指标:利用德尔菲技术征求专家意见

人类工效学 Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.4314/ESA.V26I2

J. H. Billson, P. Kruger

{"title":"Important Health and Safety Performance Improvement Indicators for Small & Medium Construction Enterprises in South Africa: Eliciting Expert Opinion Using the Delphi Technique","authors":"J. H. Billson, P. Kruger","doi":"10.4314/ESA.V26I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ESA.V26I2","url":null,"abstract":"Low back pain has become one of the most influential musculoskeletal disorders of modern society. Exercise has been shown to be very effective in the treatment of chronic low back pain. The goal of the study was to test the effect of two exercise intervention programmes (conservative or progressive-aggressive programmes) for 12 weeks on low back muscle strength as well as psychological factors in participants with chronic low back pain. In total 32 participants were recruited for the study and randomly assigned to two exercise groups. However, due to medical and work related reasons a number of subjects dropped out. At the end there were 10 subjects in the conservative exercise group and 11 in the progressive-aggressive group. Statistically significant differences at the 5% level of significance were found at the post-test measurements between the two groups. The results from the present study indicate that both types of programmes have shown to be very effective in the treatment of chronic low back pain, but that an aggressive-progressive exercise programme may be slightly more effective than a more conservative exercises programme.","PeriodicalId":64555,"journal":{"name":"人类工效学","volume":"37 1","pages":"3-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85644557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Occupational stress and coping resources in air traffic control 空中交通管制职业压力与应对资源

人类工效学 Pub Date : 2014-08-01 DOI: 10.4314/ESA.V26I1

J. V. D. Westhuizen, K. Stanz

{"title":"Occupational stress and coping resources in air traffic control","authors":"J. V. D. Westhuizen, K. Stanz","doi":"10.4314/ESA.V26I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ESA.V26I1","url":null,"abstract":"The safe operation of complex socio-technical systems is dependent upon the reporting of safety critical incidents by operators within a system. Through the action of reporting, systems develop the capability as a learning organisation to improve human and organisational performance. The aim of the study is therefore to develop a richer understanding of reporter behaviour that is influenced by the safety management system and the social context within an Air Navigation Service Provider in Africa. A case study methodology was applied with complementing inductive coding and thematic content analysis to explore underlying explanations for underreporting behavior. The findings of the study illustrated the prominence of self-preservation beyond system demands as well as the premium that operators place on context when determining which incidents should be reported. An additional five competing consequences added to the complex dilemma of judging reportable incidents. The key implication of the study is that high risk organisations should acknowledge the existence of the social construction of reporting, while associated adjustments to the reporting system may have benefits to the safety performance of an organisation through increased reporting and greater insight into system deficiencies.","PeriodicalId":64555,"journal":{"name":"人类工效学","volume":"2 1","pages":"19-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87767762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Changes in morphology and strength following an eight week resistance training programme in post-menopausal, Caucasian women: a pilot investigation 绝经后高加索妇女进行8周阻力训练后形态学和力量的变化:一项试点调查

人类工效学 Pub Date : 2013-12-01 DOI: 10.4314/ESA.V25I2

T. Crymble, J. Viljoen, C. Christie

{"title":"Changes in morphology and strength following an eight week resistance training programme in post-menopausal, Caucasian women: a pilot investigation","authors":"T. Crymble, J. Viljoen, C. Christie","doi":"10.4314/ESA.V25I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ESA.V25I2","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the current investigation was to determine the impact of eight weeks of progressive resistance exercise on strength and morphology of previously sedentary, healthy, post-menopausal women. Six women were recruited from the Grahamstown community in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Recruits were required to attend five sessions per week (Monday to Friday) of 30 minute duration each. Eight ‘compound’ resistance exercises (each completed as three sets of 10 repetitions) comprised the exercise programme. Anthropometric (body mass and stature), morphological (body mass index (BMI), lean mass, and fat mass content), and strength (upper and lower body) measures were taken at baseline and at weeks 4 and 8. There were no significant changes (p>.05) in body mass, BMI, fat mass or lean mass. An insignificant trend toward increasing upper body strength was noted. Lower extremity strength increased significantly by 42.52%. In conclusion, this resistance training intervention did not significantly alter body composition but did positively impact leg strength. Keywords: Resistance training, post-menopausal, strength, morphology","PeriodicalId":64555,"journal":{"name":"人类工效学","volume":"40 1","pages":"32-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75415606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

A study of ergonomic factors leading to computer vision syndrome among computer users 计算机使用者中导致计算机视觉综合症的人机工程学因素的研究

人类工效学 Pub Date : 2013-07-01 DOI: 10.4314/ESA.V25I1

K. Mashige, N. Rampersad, O. A. Oduntan

{"title":"A study of ergonomic factors leading to computer vision syndrome among computer users","authors":"K. Mashige, N. Rampersad, O. A. Oduntan","doi":"10.4314/ESA.V25I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ESA.V25I1","url":null,"abstract":"Some of the vision problems associated with the use of computers have been attributed to poor ergonomic factors compliance. The aim of this study was to investigate the ergonomic factors that might lead to computer vision syndrome (CVS) among non-presbyopic computer users in a University staff population. A complete eye examination was performed on each participant before he or she was interviewed using a structured questionnaire probing into demographic status and factors that could lead to CVS. Eighty seven participants were included in the study. An observation and measurement of the participant's computer workstation was then made in order to identify the risk factors leading to CVS. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics. 72% of participants reported taking breaks after 2 hours while 28% reported taking breaks after every hour of computer use. Eye strain and visual fatigue (89%), headaches (81%), neck and back pains (77%) were the most severe and frequently reported symptoms among the participants. In general, the computer workstations were not ergonomically designed and users were not aware that they were not adhering to ergonomic requirements for computer use. This suggests the need for awareness campaigns on ergonomic factors that can prevent computer vision syndrome among computer users and early intervention programs for computer users that experience computer vision syndrome.","PeriodicalId":64555,"journal":{"name":"人类工效学","volume":"1 1","pages":"3-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88802530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

人类工效学最新文献