任务熟悉度对自定节奏升降任务中工作表现和压力的影响

人类工效学 Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI:10.4314/ESA.V24I2
Christian Hentschel, Jens Mühlstedt, B. Spanner-Ulmer
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引用次数: 10

摘要

自我选择的工作-休息计划和节奏是防止疲劳积累的有效工具,从而防止过度劳累伤害,这一概念在文献中相对来说还没有被探索过。尽管工作场所的自动化程度越来越高,导致工作节奏被迫加快,但仍有许多工作允许工人选择自己的工作节奏和休息时间。许多因素,比如对任务的熟悉程度会影响员工的工作-休息安排。本研究旨在探讨任务熟悉度对自定节奏升降任务中工作-休息安排、生理和主观应变以及工作绩效的影响。12名年龄在18至25岁之间的健康适度的女大学生参加了本研究。参与者被要求参加四次会议,在此期间,他们以自己选择的工作速度举起和放下一个10公斤重的板条箱120次,随时休息,只要他们需要。第一阶段被设定为“不熟悉”的条件。接下来是两个熟悉环节,以确保参与者熟悉最后一个环节的任务,设置为“熟悉”条件。在“不熟悉”和“熟悉”条件下测量工作-休息计划数据、心率、肌电图数据、主观努力反应和工作率。在第二届和第三届会议期间没有收集任何数据。结果表明,任务熟悉度显著(p<0.05)缩短了被试的休息时间和休息时间,提高了被试的举起率等整体表现。在“熟悉”的条件下,较低的心率、竖脊肌的肌电图反应以及中央和局部感知运动的评分也明显降低了生理和感知压力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The effects of task familiarity on performance and strain during a self-paced lifting and lowering task
The concept that self-selected work-rest scheduling and pacing can be an effective tool to prevent fatigue build-up, and therefore overexertion injuries, is relatively unexplored in the literature. Despite the increase in automation in the workplace and forced work pace as a result, there are still many jobs that allow workers to select their own work pace and rest breaks. Numerous factors, such as task familiarity influence a worker's work-rest scheduling. This study is aimed at determining the effects of task familiarity on work-rest scheduling, physiological and subjective strain, as well as work performance in a self-paced lifting and lowering task. Twelve healthy and moderately fit female university students, between 18 and 25 years of age, participated in this study. Participants were required to attend four sessions during which they lifted and lowered a 10 kg crate 120 times at a self-selected work rate, resting whenever and for as long asthey needed. The first session was set as the "unfamiliar" condition. This was followed by two familiarization sessions to ensure that the participants were accustomed to thetask in the last session, set as the "familiar" condition. Work-rest scheduling data, heart rate, electromyographical data, subjective exertion responses and work rate weremeasured during the "unfamiliar" and "familiar" conditions. No data were collected during the second and third sessions. The results showed that task familiarity resulted in significantly (p<0.05) shorter overall working time due to less rest breaks and shorter rest break durations, while overall performance, such as lifting rate, increased.Significant reductions in physiological and perceptual strain were also evident from lower heart rates, EMG responses of the erector spinae, and central and local ratings of perceived exertion under the "familiar" condition.
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