2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference最新文献

{"title":"Low-power Electronics for Distributed Impact Detection and Piezoelectric Sensor Applications","authors":"K. Champaigne","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2007.352876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2007.352876","url":null,"abstract":"Automated impact detection and characterization on aircraft and spacecraft has been an elusive goal due to the transitory nature of the detectable high-frequency signals involved. Invocon, Inc. has been awarded a NASA Phase 2 Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program to develop self-contained, miniaturized, piezoelectric sensory nodes with extremely low-power trigger modes that are synchronized within a radio frequency network. Each node will continuously monitor an accelerometer, acoustic emission sensor, or PZT element for an impact event, such as a micro-meteor impact or the foam impact that caused the Columbia tragedy. When a programmable threshold is exceeded, a low-latency signal acquisition circuit will capture the event as a digital waveform for post-processing and impact characterization including amplitude and time-of-arrival analysis. The innovative signal conditioning circuit design is capable of operation in the micro-watt range on average while constantly maintaining the capability to acquire and process very high frequency acoustic signals. Such performance can potentially provide operating lifetimes of 5 years on a single AA battery, or unlimited operation from scavenged power sources. Additionally, the system will provide a general purpose hardware platform on which Integrated Structural Health Monitoring (ISHM) algorithms and sensing techniques can be implemented. The same basic system design, with configurable sample rates, sensor interfaces, actuation outputs, and local processing algorithms, could be used for active or passive damage detection, locating leaks from pressurized vehicles and habitats through the produced airborne and surface-borne ultrasonic energy, or detecting crack propagation or delamination in structures through Acoustic Emission (AE) techniques. By allowing the development, demonstration, and potentially deployment of these ISHM capabilities on miniaturized devices optimized for low-power and distributed operation, the goals of ISHM will be more effectively achieved for aircraft and spacecraft. This paper shall provide a general description of the triggering capabilities, data acquisition circuit design, overall system design, and potential applications.","PeriodicalId":6295,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"39 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87737683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intelligent Operation Using Terrain Following Flight in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles","authors":"M. Rahim, S. Malaek","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2007.352760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2007.352760","url":null,"abstract":"A novel approach in terrain following/terrain avoidance (TF/TA) flight is proposed. Due to existing unknown terrain during flight, an intelligent approach is used. Intelligence is implemented using the fuzzy approach. This method can be used in off-line design in trajectory planning which has wide applications in TF/TA maneuvers in unmanned aerial vehicles. A relationship between slope of terrain and aircraft height with speed of aircraft is constructed by fuzzy approach. This work is performed for a two dimensional terrain following flight. This method is state of the art in literature.","PeriodicalId":6295,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"124 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88059410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Target Tracking and Adversarial Reasoning for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles","authors":"B. Ludington, J. Reimann, G. Vachtsevanos","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2007.352756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2007.352756","url":null,"abstract":"Because of their ability to reach unique vantage points without endangering a human operator, camera-equipped unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are effective tools for military and civilian surveillance missions, such as target tracking. However, visually tracking targets can be challenging because of the inherent clutter and occlusions. To add to this challenge, adversarial targets will attempt to escape. To counter these challenges a two tiered approach is used. In the first tier, a particle filter is used to estimate the location of the target using information from the incoming video stream. The particle filter is a sample-based tool for approximating the solution to the optimal, Bayesian tracking problem. The filter is adept at approximating non-Gaussian distributions that evolve according to non-linear dynamics. However, this increased functionality comes with an inherently large computational burden. A methodology for allowing the filter to manage the computational load of the filter based on the tracking conditions is presented along with simulation and flight test results. In the second tier, an adversarial reasoning module is used to produce strategies for a team of UAVs that is tracking an evading target. By using a differential game framework a team of air vehicles is able to contain a target that is attempting to escape. The framework decomposes a complete game into a set of two player games, which are solved more easily. The framework is presented along with simulation results.","PeriodicalId":6295,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88341532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grand-scale Volcanism Past, Present, and Future in Yellowstone","authors":"B. Christiansen","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2007.352680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2007.352680","url":null,"abstract":"Yellowstone National Park lies at the focus of one of Earth's largest volcanic fields. ( past 2 million years or so, about 6,000 cubic kilometers of magma have erupted f region, covering large areas with lava and flows of hot volcanic ash that welded into rocks. Each of the three greatest of these eruptions emptied so much from large mac ...............filled subsurface chambers Earth's crust collapsed in .......................................................mous crater-like calderas. Airborne ash carri Yellowstone was depositE more than two-thirds of the","PeriodicalId":6295,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"73 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86399715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Benchmark of Integrated Technologies for Civil Protection Emergencies","authors":"G. Graglia, V. Artibani, R. Muscinelli","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2007.352815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2007.352815","url":null,"abstract":"Modern technologies and surveying techniques, are providing, nowadays, a valuable and efficient tool, useful to prevent and mitigate calamitous events, natural disasters and dangerous situations often exacerbated by human activities. Natural disasters are constant reminders of how powerful nature can be. The effects of these disasters can be devastating, so, the knowledge of soil modifications, damages in structures and infrastructures can be very useful for emergency procedures related to the civil protection operations. The growing number of disasters requiring external assistance has prompted a interest in collaborative ventures, better co-ordination and a more rational approach to response. Increasingly, the emphasis is on preparedness and a \"pro-active\" response to replace ad hoc reactive approach of the past. Facilitating the exchange of a broad kind of information during and in preparing for disasters, is critical to the success of the international partnership and has been one of the goals of recent international workshops. The measures needed to manage disasters and emergency to communities and environment is known as emergency management. This paper aims at describing a benchmark based on different technologies, that suitably integrated, can provide an efficient and valuable solution to fulfil the needs of emergency managers such as the civil protection. The solution, employing terrestrial and space based systems will has the main purpose to cover all the different phases of the emergency management life cycle that span from the prevention and preparation to the response and recovery.","PeriodicalId":6295,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86544551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secure, Autonomous, Intelligent Controller for Integrating Distributed Sensor Webs","authors":"William D. Ivancic","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2007.353085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2007.353085","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the infrastructure and protocols necessary to enable near-real-time commanding, access to space-based assets, and the secure interoperation between sensor webs owned and controlled by various entities. Select terrestrial and aeronautics-base sensor webs will be used to demonstrate time-critical interoperability between integrated, intelligent sensor webs both terrestrial and between terrestrial and space-based assets. For this work, a Secure, Autonomous, Intelligent Controller and knowledge generation unit is implemented using Virtual Mission Operation Center technology.","PeriodicalId":6295,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86604053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uploadable Executable Specification Concept for Spacecraft Autonomy Systems","authors":"G. Cancro, W. Innanen, R. Turner, C. Monaco, M. Trela","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2007.352802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2007.352802","url":null,"abstract":"Current spacecraft autonomy systems suffer from two main problems. First, autonomy designs cannot be adequately reviewed by system engineers, resulting in a potential loss of desired system behavior between system-level requirements and software implementation. Second, current autonomy systems cannot fully assess the systems-level impact of modifications and then quickly and safely upload those modifications to the spacecraft pre-and post-launch. These problems are addressed by the development of executable specification techniques to directly support system engineers with formalized models that translate into operational functionality. This paper describes a concept of combining a standard executable specification technique with a concept of software design using uploadable forms. This paper goes on to describe the features of this concept which include: interactive visual design and display capabilities that allow any domain expert to understand and/or perform the design; operational support capabilities that allow the on-board autonomy functionality to be modified or disabled in real-time without patching or modifying existing code; and graphical stand-alone simulation and automated verification capabilities that allow autonomy designs to proven safe prior to upload.","PeriodicalId":6295,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"36 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90382949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Demand Access Protocol for Space Applications","authors":"J.L. Gao, D. Leang","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2007.352899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2007.352899","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a demand access protocol for space communications, which is a messaging procedure that facilitates the exchange of resource requests and grants between users and service providers. A minimal set of operational and environmental needs and constraints are assumed since the intent is to keep the protocol flexible and efficient for a wide-range of envisioned NASA robotic and human exploration missions. The protocol described in this document defines the message format and procedures used to ensure proper and correct functioning of a demand access communications system, which must operate under customized resource management policies applied by the users and service providers. This protocol also assumes a minimal set of capabilities from the underlying communications system so that no unique requirements are imposed on the communications sub-systems.","PeriodicalId":6295,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"31 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80566560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Messenger: Flight Software Design for a Deep Space Mission","authors":"D. Artis, B. K. Heggestad, C. Krupiarz, M. A. Mirantes, J. D. Reid","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2007.352747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2007.352747","url":null,"abstract":"MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) is a NASA Discovery mission to study the planet Mercury. Launched in August 2004, it will perform one more flyby of Venus and three flybys of Mercury, followed by Mercury orbit insertion in 2011 for a one-year science-gathering mission. Throughout the mission, MESSENGER will use seven instruments to collect data about key characteristics of the planet to understand Mercury and the formation of the inner solar system.","PeriodicalId":6295,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"53 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80585999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Knowledge-Aided STAP Using Experimental Data","authors":"J. Bergin, D. Kirk, G. Chaney, S. McNeil, P. Zulch","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2007.353065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2007.353065","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in knowledge-aided space-time adaptive processing (KA-STAP) have resulted in significant performance improvements for ground moving target indication (GMTI) radar systems. In particular, the use of prior knowledge including terrain, clutter discretes, and previously detected targets has been shown to be effective for mitigating the poor performance often encountered when operating in heterogeneous clutter environments. This paper provides an evaluation of KA-STAP techniques based on extensive processing of experimental data. Two major performance issues are addressed: high false alarm rates due to under-nulled clutter discretes and target cancellation due to corruption of the STAP training data by other targets in the scene. Each of these problems is demonstrated using experimental multi-channel X-band radar data. Methods for using prior knowledge to improve performance are presented and processing results using the experimental data are provided that show how KA-STAP can lead to significantly improved detection performance relative to conventional STAP processing.","PeriodicalId":6295,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83229808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}