安全科学与韧性(英文)最新文献_第9页

Atmospheric dispersion of chemical, biological, and radiological hazardous pollutants: Informing risk assessment for public safety 化学、生物和放射性有害污染物的大气扩散:为公共安全提供风险评估信息

安全科学与韧性(英文) Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnlssr.2022.09.001

Xiaole Zhang , Jing Wang

{"title":"Atmospheric dispersion of chemical, biological, and radiological hazardous pollutants: Informing risk assessment for public safety","authors":"Xiaole Zhang , Jing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jnlssr.2022.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnlssr.2022.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Modern society is confronted with emerging threats from chemical, biological, and radiological (CBR) hazardous substances, which are intensively utilized in the chemical, medical, and energy industries. The atmospheric dispersion of released CBR hazardous pollutants can influence a large percentage of the population owing to their rapid process with extensive spatial coverage. It is important to comprehensively understand the behaviors of the released CBR pollutants in the atmosphere to fully evaluate the risks and protect public safety. In this study, we reviewed the advancements in the atmospheric transport of CBR pollutants, including the urban atmospheric boundary layer, unique concepts, and models for CBR pollutants. We underlined the development of innovative methodologies (e.g., inverse estimation and data assimilation methods) for the atmospheric transport of accidentally released CBR pollutants to reduce uncertainties in emissions and accumulated errors during dispersion by combining numerical models with monitoring data. Finally, we introduced progress in quantitative risk assessment, including exposure assessment and dose-response relationships for CBR hazardous pollutants. A framework, source, assimilation, fundamentals, exposure, and risk (SAFER), has been proposed to integrate the key components in the risk assessment of airborne CBR hazardous pollutants. These methods and models can contribute to effective risk preparedness, prevention, evidence-based policymaking, and emergency response to airborne CBR pollutants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62710,"journal":{"name":"安全科学与韧性(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666449622000469/pdfft?md5=8c0ed92049cba8ab43ebf414327c3055&pid=1-s2.0-S2666449622000469-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49213453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Does a large group of pedestrians follow the evacuation signs? An experimental study 一大群行人是否遵循疏散标志?实验研究

安全科学与韧性(英文) Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnlssr.2022.08.002

Jiguang Shi , Dapeng Dong , Ning Ding , Chang Sun , Zhenyu Fan

{"title":"Does a large group of pedestrians follow the evacuation signs? An experimental study","authors":"Jiguang Shi , Dapeng Dong , Ning Ding , Chang Sun , Zhenyu Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.jnlssr.2022.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnlssr.2022.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Guidance signs are generally considered to be key in improving the efficiency of emergency building evacuations. During a group evacuation, how obedient is the group to the evacuation signs? Would different evacuation signs affect the judgment of evacuated groups? Evacuation experiments were conducted to explore the influence of evacuation signs on the path selection of evacuation groups. Fourteen classes with 514 participants participated in these experiments, and each class participated in one experiment. Six classes conducted the experiments without guidance signs, and the rest conducted the experiments with guidance signs. The influences of the sign's color (red and green), pattern (arrow and running man), and status (whether it flashes) on the route selection were studied. The results show that (1) the evacuation signs significantly affect the route choices of the evacuated groups. (2) The herding effect during the evacuation process does not influence the guiding effect of evacuation signs. (3) Evacuation signs of different colors and patterns have different guiding effects, and the Green running man sign has the best effect. (4) The constant bright, or flashing evacuation sign corresponding to the flashing Red running man has a significant impact on the route selection of the evacuated group. The results may provide a reference for improving the emergency evacuation guidance model of office buildings or other buildings with a large flow of people and optimize ideas for the design and layout of emergency evacuation signs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62710,"journal":{"name":"安全科学与韧性(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666449622000445/pdfft?md5=e3d07f9644c6d500eab11764cbd237dd&pid=1-s2.0-S2666449622000445-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41991805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Key technologies of the emergency platform in China 中国应急平台关键技术研究

安全科学与韧性(英文) Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnlssr.2022.10.001

Hongyong Yuan , Lida Huang , Tao Chen , Yang Chen , Hui Zhang , Xuerui Chen , Qing Deng , Zhichao He , Jiajun Wang , Yiting Wang

{"title":"Key technologies of the emergency platform in China","authors":"Hongyong Yuan , Lida Huang , Tao Chen , Yang Chen , Hui Zhang , Xuerui Chen , Qing Deng , Zhichao He , Jiajun Wang , Yiting Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jnlssr.2022.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnlssr.2022.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An emergency platform is an informatization support platform for disaster information perception, disaster situational awareness, and emergency decision command. This is a key tool for ensuring the efficiency and effectiveness of emergency responses. Numerous large countries have conducted in-depth research on the key technologies of emergency platforms. Over the past 20 years, with the reform of emergency management mechanisms, China has developed two generations of emergency platform systems. This paper reviews the two generations of emergency platforms and summarizes their key technologies including multi-source-based monitoring and early warning, multi-hazard risk assessment, “scenario-response”-based decision support, synthetical forecasting based on incident chain, and emergency common operational picture (COP) for command and dispatch. Future research directions for the next generation emergency platforms are also proposed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62710,"journal":{"name":"安全科学与韧性(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666449622000482/pdfft?md5=a63fef1bd76932fcbf0c4b730cdc28a2&pid=1-s2.0-S2666449622000482-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48230521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bus evacuation during no-notice disasters in downtown areas: A case study of the Zhongguancun area, Beijing 市区无预警灾害中的公交疏散——以北京中关村地区为例

安全科学与韧性(英文) Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnlssr.2022.03.007

Xingang Li, Xiaodan Cui, Rui Jiang, Bin Jia

引用次数: 2

Risk assessment of large-scale winter sports sites in the context of a natural disaster 自然灾害背景下大型冬季运动场地风险评估

安全科学与韧性(英文) Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnlssr.2022.03.006

Jiansong Wu , Yuxuan Xing , Yiping Bai , Xiaofeng Hu , Shuaiqi Yuan

{"title":"Risk assessment of large-scale winter sports sites in the context of a natural disaster","authors":"Jiansong Wu , Yuxuan Xing , Yiping Bai , Xiaofeng Hu , Shuaiqi Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.jnlssr.2022.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnlssr.2022.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accidents induced by natural disasters at sports sites may cause catastrophic loss of great concern. However, previous studies on risk assessments of sports sites have only focused on operational risk and equipment failure. With the frequent occurrence of extreme disasters, the risk of domino chains caused by natural disasters at large-scale events, such as large-scale winter sports sites, cannot be ignored. In this study, a natural disaster-induced accident-chain evolution analysis model (NAEA model) is proposed. Based on the results of the NAEA model, a fuzzy Bayesian network for domino accidents triggered by an earthquake at large-scale winter sports sites was established. Through sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis, it was found that fire and explosion accidents and crowded stampede accidents are the main causes of serious loss in domino disaster chains in large-scale sports sites. Simultaneously, improving the early warning capability, reliability of electrical equipment, and automatic sprinkler systems are the most effective ways to prevent and control major accidents. In addition, an optimal safety strategy improvement analysis was performed to facilitate the decision-making of safety managers to prevent serious accidents and reduce accident loss.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62710,"journal":{"name":"安全科学与韧性(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666449622000202/pdfft?md5=8a824712888ea3f880ea9f423dae5e9c&pid=1-s2.0-S2666449622000202-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46017364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

International public opinion analysis of four olympic games: From 2008 to 2022 2008年至2022年四届奥运会国际舆情分析

安全科学与韧性(英文) Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnlssr.2022.03.002

Kun Jia , Yizhen Zhu , Yuxin Zhang , Feng Liu , Jiayin Qi

{"title":"International public opinion analysis of four olympic games: From 2008 to 2022","authors":"Kun Jia , Yizhen Zhu , Yuxin Zhang , Feng Liu , Jiayin Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.jnlssr.2022.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnlssr.2022.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Since the rapid spread of the COVID-19 worldwide, the pandemic has led to a huge impact on global sporting events. As a major international event, the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics has commonalities with the 2008 Beijing Olympics, the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics, and the 2020 Tokyo Olympics in terms of international public opinion context and epidemiological background. In this study, over 1 million pieces of UGC(User Generated Contents) in Chinese and English languages were obtained from social media platforms such as Twitter, YouTube, as well as traditional mass media in various countries to compare the differences between the two languages in international public opinion. Using sentiment analysis, this study explores the evolution of international public opinion topics and sentiment differences among the above four Olympic Games. The analysis results show that:1) regardless of traditional mass media or online social media, there is a more obvious tendency of general politicization in the topics of the 2008 Beijing Olympics and 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, and extreme emotional remarks of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics are more frequent; 2) in the topic of political opinion involving China, international Chinese public opinion presents more negative sentiment than those in English; 3) Among the topics involving COVID-19, the negative level of public opinion in Chinese and English is opposite for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics and the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics;4) International public opinion on the topic of sports events is significantly more positive in Chinese than in English;5) YouTube’s Chinese opinion environment is better than English.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62710,"journal":{"name":"安全科学与韧性(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666449622000172/pdfft?md5=99985bdefdfd17c7cf08798c885eb94e&pid=1-s2.0-S2666449622000172-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45120069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Epidemic modeling for the resurgence of COVID-19 in Chinese local communities 新冠肺炎在中国当地社区死灰复燃的流行病模型

安全科学与韧性(英文) Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnlssr.2022.03.005

Min Peng, Jianing Zhang, Jingrui Gong, Xingqi Ran, Jvlu Liu, Lin Zhang

引用次数: 3

The landscape of safety management systems research: A scientometric analysis 安全管理系统研究的前景:科学计量学分析

安全科学与韧性(英文) Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnlssr.2022.02.003

Floris Goerlandt , Jie Li , Genserik Reniers

{"title":"The landscape of safety management systems research: A scientometric analysis","authors":"Floris Goerlandt , Jie Li , Genserik Reniers","doi":"10.1016/j.jnlssr.2022.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnlssr.2022.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Safety management systems (SMSs) are widely applied across many industrial sectors, and a large body of literature has been published addressing their design, implementation, effectiveness, and associated challenges. This article presents a high-level analysis of the SMS research domain, guided by a set of questions addressing the contents, structure, and evolution the research domain, its dominant themes and focus topics, the key scientific domains and journals contributing to its development, and the key publications serving as an intellectual basis for SMS related research. The results show a rapidly increasing volume of research outputs and a shift from research based in North America and Europe to Asia and Australia. There is only a limited number of institutions enduringly contributing to the field, and there are relatively few stable research collaborations, with the number of Chinese institutions publishing SMS related research fast expanding in recent years. The domain is strongly interdisciplinary and embedded in applied domains of science, with industrial engineering the most contributing category, as well as categories focusing on the industrial application domains. A temporal evolution of the research activity in different application domains is apparent, with an initial focus on occupational health and safety, followed by process safety, patient safety, food safety, and construction safety. SMS research has a strong relation to safety culture and safety climate research, and while safety and risk management concepts and theories form an important knowledge base for most application domains, the dominant views on accident causation differ between these. Research on SMS in the food industry is relatively separated from the other application domains. Based on the findings, various future research directions are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62710,"journal":{"name":"安全科学与韧性(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666449622000159/pdfft?md5=e5f84db062a82fed7ec0dd7e781c9e12&pid=1-s2.0-S2666449622000159-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41489462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Post-COVID recovery and renewal through whole-of-society resilience in cities 通过城市的全社会复原力实现新冠肺炎疫情后的复苏和复兴

安全科学与韧性(英文) Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnlssr.2022.03.003

Andrew G. McClelland , Roisin Jordan , Szymon Parzniewski , Duncan Shaw , Nat O'Grady , David Powell

{"title":"Post-COVID recovery and renewal through whole-of-society resilience in cities","authors":"Andrew G. McClelland , Roisin Jordan , Szymon Parzniewski , Duncan Shaw , Nat O'Grady , David Powell","doi":"10.1016/j.jnlssr.2022.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnlssr.2022.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper explores and extends understanding of the role and significance of whole-of-society resilience programmes that support cities when dealing with complex crises, like the COVID-19 pandemic. Highlighting the complexity of whole-of-society resilience as different actors locally shape it, we ask the question: How can collaboration between formal and informal resilience practices help to enhance resilience across the ‘whole-of-society’? We answer this question by reviewing the importance of whole-of-society resilience and its complexity in a city’s governance of the COVID-19 crisis. We argue that the necessity of renewing approaches to building local resilience capabilities across the whole-of-society requires synchronisation across and between formal and informal approaches – that is, “bottom-up” and governmental initiatives – to meet the diverse needs of communities. Secondly, we detail two recent practice-orientated initiatives that have taken a renewal approach to building resilience through the involvement of whole-of-society in planning recovery from COVID-19 using international standard ISO/TS 22393; and a new initiative called the National Consortium for Societal Resilience [UK+]. Finally, we signpost a set of critical questions for whole-of-society resilience practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62710,"journal":{"name":"安全科学与韧性(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666449622000184/pdfft?md5=20f9a921ae6a681c564597863b91bc17&pid=1-s2.0-S2666449622000184-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41813805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

A two-step machine learning method for casualty prediction under emergencies 紧急情况下人员伤亡预测的两步机器学习方法

安全科学与韧性(英文) Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnlssr.2022.03.001

Xiaofeng Hu, Jinming Hu, Miaomiao Hou

{"title":"A two-step machine learning method for casualty prediction under emergencies","authors":"Xiaofeng Hu, Jinming Hu, Miaomiao Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.jnlssr.2022.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnlssr.2022.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Casualty prediction is meaningful to the emergency management of natural hazards and human-induced disasters. In this study, a two-step machine learning method, including classification step and regression step, is proposed to predict the number of casualties under emergencies. In the classification step, whether there are casualties under an incident is firstly predicted, then in the regression step, samples predicted to have casualties are used to further predict the exact number of the casualties. Using an open-source dataset, this two-step method is validated. The results show that the two-step model performs better than the original regression models. Back propagation(BP) neural network combined with Random Forest performs the best in terms of the death toll and the number of injuries. Among all the two-step models, the lowest mean absolute error (MAE) for the death toll is 1.67 while that for the number of injuries is 4.13, which indicates that this method can accurately predict the number of casualties under emergencies. This study's results are expected to provide support for decision-making on rapid resource allocation and other emergency responses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62710,"journal":{"name":"安全科学与韧性(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666449622000160/pdfft?md5=86b72d896c4210c4e8af58620d26dfcd&pid=1-s2.0-S2666449622000160-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45282392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0