世界病毒学杂志(英文版)最新文献

{"title":"Transplant-free survival in dengue-associated acute liver failure: Current evidence and future directions.","authors":"Aneel Madhwani, Muhammad Qasim Chaudhry, Jamal Ara Rabbani, Wasila Gul Kakar, Syedda Ayesha, Shahab Abid","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v15.i1.117008","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v15.i1.117008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dengue virus infection is one of the most prevalent arboviral diseases worldwide, particularly affecting tropical and subtropical regions, and continues to pose a significant public health burden. Although hepatic involvement is a well-recognized manifestation of dengue infection, ranging from mild transaminase elevation to severe hepatitis, acute liver failure remains an uncommon but devastating complication associated with exceptionally high mortality. In many dengue endemic regions, access to liver transplantation is limited or nonexistent, underscoring the importance of identifying reliable predictors of transplant-free survival to guide timely clinical decision making. In this review, we comprehensively evaluate the existing literature, including observational studies and meta-analyses, to delineate key prognostic determinants and to propose evidence based therapeutic strategies aimed at improving patient outcomes and the survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"15 1","pages":"117008"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13010916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147517242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking COVID-19 seasonality: A summer respiratory virus in the tropics, contrast to influenza.","authors":"Prasan Kumar Panda, Rahul Garg","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v15.i1.116492","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v15.i1.116492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This opinion challenges the conventional view that coronavirus disease 2019 behaves as a uniformly winter-dominant respiratory infection. Analysis of multi-year surveillance data across hemispheres reveals that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 exhibits seasonal divergence, with consistent summer surges in tropical regions, such as India, and winter peaks in temperate climates. We propose that this pattern arises primarily from human (host) behavioural responses to multi-animal tropism to climatic (environment) extremes, which recreate high-risk indoor transmission settings under both heat and cold. Unlike influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (agent) combines thermal resilience, broad tissue tropism, and efficient pre-symptomatic transmission, allowing persistence beyond classical winter bounds. Recognizing coronavirus disease 2019 as a behaviourally modulated (through agent-host-environment triad) seasonal virus may help tailor regional surveillance, ventilation, and vaccination strategies in an era of accelerating climatic change.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"15 1","pages":"116492"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13010896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147517151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis with viral triggers.","authors":"Matteo Capobianco, Francesco Cappellani, Federico Visalli, Alessandro Avitabile, Giuseppe Gagliano, Simonetta Gaia Nicolosi, Marieme Khouyyi, Fabiana D'Esposito, Caterina Gagliano, Marco Zeppieri","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v15.i1.117124","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v15.i1.117124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis (PKC) goes beyond limbal nodules. This pediatric ocular surface condition caused by delayed-type hypersensitivity to microbial antigens. The trigger is context-dependent: Mycobacterial antigens in tuberculosis-endemic areas; staphylococcal eyelid disease and rosacea in high-income areas. Although classically bacterial-driven, virus-associated presentations like herpes simplex virus (HSV)-linked phlyctenular disease, pediatric PKC during acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, and molluscum contagiosum-driven keratoconjunctivitis suggest the same antigen-mediated pathway. Photophobia and discomfort are prevalent, and corneal involvement can cause neovascularization, scarring, amblyopia, and perforation. This minireview combines epidemiologic, clinical, and immunopathologic data to identify causes and update care. Practical takeaways: (1) Treat the antigen source (blepharitis/rosacea, chlamydia, parasites) and screen for tuberculosis when risk factors exist. Consider viral triggers when history or exam suggest HSV, recent COVID-19, or eyelid molluscum; (2) Suppress inflammation promptly with a short, carefully tapered course of topical corticosteroids; (3) Use topical cyclosporine as a steroid-sparing agent in recurrent or steroid-dependent disease; and (4) Reduce antigen load with lid hygiene and targeted antimicrobials. Start antitubercular treatment for tuberculosis. If a viral cause is anticipated, add antiviral medication or molluscum lesion eradication to the steroid-sparing regimen. Trigger-focused, steroid-sparing treatment reduces recurrences, vision-threatening consequences, and steroid exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"15 1","pages":"117124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13010927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147517135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytomegalovirus reactivation and the prevalence in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.","authors":"Agastya Mittal, Hunter J Hutchinson, Brandon P Lucke-Wold","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v15.i1.117651","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v15.i1.117651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, we comment on the article by Ben Moussa <i>et al</i> published discussing cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation in patients who have undergone autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT). CMV reactivation is a heavily discussed complication when discussing allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, but much more limited discussion in AHSCT. These issues are further complicated by a lack of concrete guidelines for CMV reactivation after AHSCT, especially viral load thresholds which have been shown to be the strongest correlation to determine the occurrence and severity of CMV reactivation. Although antiviral prophylaxis and testing does exist, it is limited and rarely extends beyond d100, limiting response effectiveness to delayed acting CMV reactivation or other delayed autoimmune disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"15 1","pages":"117651"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13010957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147517022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rift Valley fever: An emerging zoonotic threat to global health and agriculture.","authors":"Praveen Kumar Uppala, Sita Kumari Karanam, Naga Vishnu Kandra, Sandhya Edhi","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v15.i1.115210","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v15.i1.115210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an acute, mosquito-borne zoonotic disease caused by the RVF virus (RVFV), which belongs to the <i>Phlebovirus</i> genus of the <i>Bunyaviridae</i> family. The infection mainly targets domestic ruminants such as sheep, goats, cattle, and camels, with sheep showing the highest vulnerability. The virus is spread predominantly through the bites of <i>Aedes</i> and <i>Culex</i> mosquitoes, although humans may also become infected by direct exposure to blood, organs, or secretions of diseased animals. In livestock, the illness is marked by sudden fever, ocular and nasal discharges, vomiting, and swollen lymph nodes. Severe cases often lead to abortion waves in pregnant animals and high mortality in newborns, especially among lambs and kids. In humans, RVF may present with flu-like symptoms, but in rare instances, it can progress to severe complications such as encephalitis, retinitis, or hemorrhagic fever. Due to its potential for rapid spread, zoonotic transmission, and misuse as a bioterrorism agent, RVFV is listed as a select agent. Diagnostic approaches include serological tests for RVFV-specific immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G antibodies, molecular detection of viral RNA, and virus isolation in specialized laboratories. Vaccination remains the most effective strategy for controlling RVF in animals, with both inactivated and live-attenuated vaccines in use. The endemic nature of RVF in sub-Saharan Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, along with environmental changes and global livestock movement, has raised concerns about the virus's transboundary spread. The European Food Safety Authority highlights the movement of infected animals and vector expansion as key risk factors for RVF introduction into Europe, emphasizing the need for vigilant surveillance and preventive measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"15 1","pages":"115210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13010955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147517084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and AmpC beta-lactamases producing <i>Klebsiella</i> from clinical samples in tertiary care hospital of Punjab.","authors":"Harpreet Kaur, Shilpa Arora, Vishal Sharma, Kirandeep Kaur, Shivani Kamboj","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v15.i1.118602","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v15.i1.118602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Klebsiella</i> species are important opportunistic pathogens responsible for various hospital- and community-acquired infections. The rise of multidrug-resistant strains, especially those producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and AmpC beta-lactamases, poses a major challenge to effective antimicrobial therapy and infection control.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of <i>Klebsiella</i> isolates and to detect the presence of ESBL and AmpC beta-lactamases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A one-year cross-sectional study was conducted on 920 Gram-negative isolates, from which 130 non-repetitive <i>Klebsiella</i> isolates (14.13%) were selected. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed, and ESBL and AmpC production were identified using standard phenotypic confirmatory methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 130 <i>Klebsiella</i> isolates, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> was the predominant species (<i>n</i> = 92, 70.76%). Most isolates were obtained from patients aged 45-60 years (<i>n</i> = 33, 25.38%) and from pus samples (<i>n</i> = 55, 42.3%), with the highest frequency from surgical departments (<i>n</i> = 36, 27.7%). Among the tested antibiotics, gentamicin showed the greatest susceptibility (<i>n</i> = 81, 62.3%). ESBL production was detected in 77 isolates (59.2%), while 62 isolates (47.69%) produced AmpC beta-lactamases. Co-production of ESBL and AmpC was found in 35 isolates (26.92%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>Klebsiella</i> species are significant nosocomial and opportunistic pathogens characterized by high multidrug resistance, often through the production of extended-spectrum and AmpC beta-lactamases. Surveillance, confirmatory testing, and infection control guide antibiotic use and prevent spread.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"15 1","pages":"118602"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13010932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147517247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the viral dimension: The paediatric gut virome as a key modulator of gastrointestinal metabolic, and neurodevelopmental health.","authors":"Nermin K Saeed, Yousif M Elbeltagi, Mohammed Al-Beltagi","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v15.i1.118362","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v15.i1.118362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Paediatric gut microbiome research has long been bacteriocentric, overlooking the extensive viral component known as the gut virome. Composed of bacteriophages, eukaryotic viruses, and endogenous viral elements, the paediatric gut virome is the most abundant and genetically diverse biological entity in the intestine. Emerging evidence indicates that the virome is a key regulator of microbial ecology, immune maturation, and systemic physiological programming during early life. This narrative review synthesizes current knowledge on the establishment, development, and functional roles of the paediatric gut virome, with emphasis on its interactions with the bacterial microbiome and host immune system. We highlight how early-life viral exposures influence mucosal immune imprinting, epithelial barrier integrity, and immune tolerance, particularly during the first 1000 days of life. Virome dysbiosis is increasingly associated with paediatric gastrointestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease, necrotizing enterocolitis, celiac disease, and functional gastrointestinal disorders. Beyond the gut, the virome also contributes to metabolic regulation, type 1 diabetes risk, and gut-brain axis signaling, influencing neurodevelopment. Mechanistic pathways involving phage-mediated bacterial modulation, innate immune sensing, cytokine signaling, and metabolic intermediates are discussed, positioning the paediatric gut virome as a central regulator of gastrointestinal and systemic homeostasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"15 1","pages":"118362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13010913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147517232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related A and B molecules and their potential role in virus-associated cancers.","authors":"Abdellatif Bouayad","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v15.i1.117643","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v15.i1.117643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infections with certain viruses are strong risk factors for specific cancers. The human major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related genes A (MICA) and B (MICB) are polymorphic, non-classical major histocompatibility complex class I genes located within the human leukocyte antigen region. Polymorphisms in these genes have been associated with susceptibility and outcomes of several virus-associated cancers. The underlying mechanisms involve modulation of natural killer cell- and CD8+ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity by disrupting the natural killer group 2-member D-MICA/B axis. The resulting soluble forms of both MICA and MICB have recently gained attention as potential predictive biomarkers for virus-induced malignancies and disease severity. Therapeutic strategies targeting this axis show considerable promise. This minireview summarizes the genetics and biology of MICA and MICB, highlighting their emerging importance in the pathogenesis of virus-associated cancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"15 1","pages":"117643"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13010898/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147517100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of sapovirus infection among hospitalized pediatric patients in Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Mudra Sikenis, Bhavna Prajapati, Ashutosh Kumar Singh, Tarun Patil, Vikas Yadav, Surya Singh, Mayank Gangwar, Vishal Diwan, Uday Kumar Mandal, Debasis Biswas, Shashwati Nema, Rajnarayan R Tiwari, Pradyumna Kumar Mishra, Pushpendra Singh, Irfan F Corovic, Ram Kumar Nema","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v15.i1.118273","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v15.i1.118273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute gastroenteritis significantly affects children under five, with viral agents causing over 75% of cases. Sapovirus, from the <i>Caliciviridae</i> family, is increasingly recognized as a major cause of childhood diarrhea, especially in low and middle-income countries with high morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality rates.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the prevalence of sapovirus infection among hospitalized pediatric patients in Asia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study conducted a systematic review to investigate the presence of sapovirus in hospitalised pediatric patients suffering from acute gastroenteritis across Asian countries. The articles were retrieved from Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. The review followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered with PROSPERO (No. CRD420251029792). The quality of individual studies was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 39 studies with 30800 observations and 567 sapovirus-positive cases were analyzed. The pooled prevalence of sapovirus in hospitalized pediatric patients was 1.73% (95% confidence interval: 1.33%-2.25%). Substantial heterogeneity was observed (<i>I</i> ² = 84.9%), supporting the use of a random-effects model. Sensitivity analysis using 32 high-quality studies yielded a consistent prevalence of 1.74% (95% confidence interval: 1.31%-2.31%), reinforcing the robustness of the findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In Asian countries, sapovirus has been detected in hospitalized pediatric patients with a pooled prevalence rate of 1.73%, indicating its ongoing circulation and potential public health relevance in the region. Despite variability, consistent findings from sensitivity analysis underscore the need for enhanced surveillance and water quality monitoring to reduce public health risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"15 1","pages":"118273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13010949/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147517123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Next-generation mucosal vaccines for respiratory viruses: Immunological correlates, platform design and clinical translation.","authors":"Salma Younas, Soha Farooq, Sweta Sahu, Rhobi Peter Mwita, Öner Özdemir","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v15.i1.116939","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v15.i1.116939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 continue to cause substantial morbidity and mortality. Currently licensed intramuscular (IM) vaccines effectively reduce severe disease and death but only partially suppress infection and transmission because they induce limited immunity in the respiratory mucosa. This minireview summarizes next-generation mucosal vaccines for respiratory viruses, focusing on the immunological correlates of protection, platform design, and clinical translation. The literature was identified through focused searches of PubMed and Scopus, prioritizing human studies and late-stage preclinical data published between 2000 and 2025. We outline the key mucosal immune correlates required to block viral entry at the airway epithelium, including secretory IgA and tissue-resident memory T cells, and review advances across major vaccine platforms. Current clinical experience with coronavirus disease 2019, influenza, and RSV mucosal vaccines is discussed, along with challenges related to immune measurement, delivery optimization, evaluation of transmission outcomes, and scalable global implementation, including heterologous systemic-mucosal prime-boost strategies. Overall, accumulating evidence positions mucosal vaccination as a promising complement to IM vaccines, with the potential to shift respiratory virus control from disease mitigation to prevention of infection and transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"15 1","pages":"116939"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13010934/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147517074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}