Journal of Chemical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"High-Performance rGO-ZnO/WO3 heterojunction photocatalyst for solar green hydrogen generation","authors":"Arundhati Sarkar,&nbsp;Arindam Mandal,&nbsp;Sayantanu Mandal,&nbsp;Surya Kanta Sen,&nbsp;Dipali Banerjee,&nbsp;Saibal Ganguly,&nbsp;Kajari Kargupta","doi":"10.1007/s12039-023-02231-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12039-023-02231-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A novel rGO (Reduced Graphene Oxide)-ZnO/WO₃ nanohybrid has tremendous commercialization potential for photocatalytic hydrogen generation because of its cheap production costs, specific optical properties, remarkable stability and conductivity. It decreases charge recombination, improves photoelectronic transit, and broadens visible light absorption with rGO. This study developed a simple nano-casting procedure to include WO₃ nanocuboids into rGO-ZnO nanorods formed by hydrothermal treatment with the appropriate amount of ZnO grafted on rGO. Improved photocatalytic activity has been discovered in rGO-ZnO nanocomposite with 1:3 ratios. The optimized powder rGO/ZnO (1:3) nanocomposite paired with WO₃ exhibits the maximum photocatalytic hydrogen production activity (13.29 mmoles g⁻¹h⁻¹), which is approximately 1.27 times more active than the powder rGO/ZnO (1:3) nanocomposite (10.46 mmoles g⁻¹ h⁻¹). The contributions of rGO/ZnO (1:3) and integrated WO₃ to photocatalytic hydrogen evolution enhancement have been fully investigated through experiment and characterization. The logical design and bottom-up synthesis of eco-friendly energy conversion materials with high performance and low-cost lead to commercialization and become the focal point of this effort.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>Optimized rGO-ZnO (1:3)/ WO₃ heterojunction: a robust photocatalyst with a low band gap exhibits a slow rate of electron-hole recombination and remarkable (13.29 mmole g⁻¹ h⁻¹) solar hydrogen production activity.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":616,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138944066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green synthesis of thiocyanate functionalized carbon quantum dots as a fast and sensitive turn-on fluorescent probe for ascorbic acid detection","authors":"Amir Hemmati,&nbsp;Mohammad Mahdavi,&nbsp;Hamid Emadi,&nbsp;Seyed Reza Nabavi","doi":"10.1007/s12039-023-02235-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12039-023-02235-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Thiocyanate functionalized carbon quantum dots (SCN-CDs) were produced via microwave synthesis using tree leaves called feijoa as a green material. The products were analyzed using spectroscopy and microscopy techniques, including high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), spectrofluorometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). SCN-CDs with blue emissivity were used to detect ascorbic acid (Ascor) in aquatic environments. The selectivity of SCN-CDs was reasonable, and the sensitivity was excellent. Cu(II) interaction with the SCN-CDs <i>via</i> static quenching mechanism leads to the SCN-CDs’ fluorescence (FL) being quenched, and Ascor’s reduction capacity recovers the SCN-CDs/Cu(II) FL, resulting in a switch-off-on sensor for Ascor detection. As a rapid and sensitive turn-on sensor, the limit of detection (LOD) of SCN-CQDs/Cu(II) for Ascor detection was 0.69 µM.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><p>Ascorbic acid (Ascor) is detected by thiocyanate functionalized carbon dots (SCN-CDs). SCN-CDs fluorescence was quenched by Cu(II) ions, resulting in static quenching, and Ascor recovered the fluorescence of SCN-CDs/Cu(II) by reducing Cu(II) ions to Cu(I) ions. Ascor was detected with a low detection limit (0.69 µM), good selectivity, and fast response.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":616,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138565978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polythiophene, polypyrrole-NiO ternary hybrid nanocomposites: structural, morphological, dielectric and electrical properties","authors":"Dharmendra,&nbsp;Srikanta Moharana,&nbsp;Alekha Kumar Sutar,&nbsp;Tungabidya Maharana","doi":"10.1007/s12039-023-02236-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12039-023-02236-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Herein, we are reporting the synthesis of polythiophene, polypyrrole, and reinforced nickel oxide (NiO) hybrid nanocomposites by an in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization of thiophene and pyrrole in the presence of NiO nanoparticles. The polymerized nanocomposites were thoroughly characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The concentration of polymer-NiO hybrids varied between different ratios of PTh, PPy and NiO contents. A maximum dielectric constant of ≈ 1×10⁶ was observed at a higher ratio of polymer-filler contents. The PTh-PPy-NiO hybrid nanocomposite structure and crystallinity were verified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the FTIR approach demonstrated a robust interaction between PTh, PPy, and NiO particles. The surface morphology analysis revealed that NiO particles were successfully integrated with PTh, PPy during the polymerization process by forming a network. The dielectric constant values of the resultant nanocomposites were obtained from capacitance measurements. The dielectric constant for the higher concentration ratio of polymer-NiO hybrids was much higher than that of the pristine PTh, PPy matrix. A significant increase in dielectric loss and AC conductivity was observed for the higher concentration of PTh-PPy-NiO ternary nanocomposites. These PTh-PPy-NiO hybrid nanocomposites can potentially be useful in developing high-performance composite materials in the electronic field.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>Herein, we are reporting the synthesis of polythiophene, polypyrrole, and reinforced nickel oxide (NiO) hybrid nanocomposites by an <i>in-situ</i> chemical oxidative polymerization of thiophene and pyrrole in the presence of NiO nanoparticles. The concentration of polymer-NiO hybrids varied between different ratios of PTh, PPy, and NiO contents. A maximum dielectric constant of ≈ 1×10⁶ was observed at a higher ratio of polymer-filler contents. The dielectric constant for the higher concentration ratio of polymer-NiO hybrids was much higher than that of the pristine PTh, PPy matrix. A significant increase in dielectric loss and AC conductivity was observed for the higher concentration of PTh-PPy-NiO ternary nanocomposites. These PTh-PPy-NiO hybrid nanocomposites can potentially help develop high-performance composite materials in the electronic field.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":616,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138564081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peripheral (anti)aromaticity in the singlet and triplet states of cyclopenta[fg]acenaphthylene, pyrrolo[2,1,5-cd]indolizine and 2a1 boracyclopenta[cd]indene: NICS scan approach","authors":"Bijan K Paul","doi":"10.1007/s12039-023-02230-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12039-023-02230-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The π-electron count of cyclopenta[<i>fg</i>]acenaphthylene (<b>1</b>), pyrrolo[2,1,5-<i>cd</i>]indolizine (<b>2</b>) and 2a¹-boracyclopenta[<i>cd</i>]indene (<b>3</b>) reveals antiaromaticity of <b>1</b>, and aromaticity of <b>2</b> and <b>3</b> in the ground electronic singlet state in accordance with the Hückel’s rule of aromaticity. This conjecture is well-corroborated from the Nucleus-Independent Chemical Shift (NICS) scan results. However, a systematic NICS scan study shows that in <b>1</b>, the overall antiaromaticity in the S₀-state is predominantly due to contributions of the 5-membered ring, while the 6-membered ring reflects weak aromaticity even in the singlet-state. For <b>2</b> and <b>3</b>, the aromatic character of the molecules is comprised of contributions from both the rings. On the contrary, the aromaticity of <b>1</b> and antiaromaticity of <b>2</b> and <b>3</b> in the triplet-state (according to Baird’s rule) are found to be due to contributions from both the (5- and 6-membered) rings of the molecules. In all the cases, the isotropic chemical shifts of the probe (Bq) atom have been separated into the in-plane and out-of-plane contributions to extract quantitative evaluation of the individual components. Further, the net paratropic (antiaromatic) or diatropic (aromatic) ring currents in a given ring have been analyzed from the separation of the individual components (in-plane and out-of-plane) into the paramagnetic and diamagnetic contributions. A quantitative comparison of the NICS values of <b>2</b> with those of <b>3</b> reveals greater aromaticity in the S₀-state and antiaromaticity in the T₁-state of <b>2</b>.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>Synopsis: Author, please provide a 50-word synopsis of the article.</p>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":616,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138559829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-resolution rovibrational cavity ring-down spectroscopy of (1200←0200) vibrational band of β-site-specific N2O isotopologue near 7.8 µm region","authors":"Soumyadipta Chakraborty,&nbsp;Ardhendu Pal,&nbsp;Biswajit Panda,&nbsp;Indrayani Patra,&nbsp;Manik Pradhan","doi":"10.1007/s12039-023-02232-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12039-023-02232-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An external-cavity quantum cascade laser (EC-QCL) coupled cavity ring-down spectroscopy was employed at 7.8 µm to investigate high-resolution rovibrational spectral features associated with the P- and R-branches of the 12⁰0←02⁰0 vibrational hot band transition of the β-site-specific isotopologue of nitrous oxide, <i>i.e.,</i> ¹⁵N¹⁴N¹⁶O molecule. The air-broadening phenomena of several probed rotational transitions of β-N₂O were examined by calculating the pressure-broadening coefficients. We calculated significant spectroscopic parameters such as the band centre, rotational constant, and centrifugal distortion constant for this selected vibrational band. Subsequently, we elucidated the dependence of rovibrational Einstein A coefficients on the rotational quantum number (<i>J</i>) and estimated the vibrational contribution of the Einstein A coefficients. We also determined the Herman Wallis coefficients corresponding to this 12⁰0←02⁰0 vibrational band. Finally, we investigated the line-oscillator strengths of the experimentally probed rovibrational transitions to gain deeper insights into the fundamental aspects of high-resolution spectroscopy of site-specific β-N₂O molecules. These new high-resolution spectroscopic features of the β-N₂O isotopologue will significantly enhance our understanding of the fundamental rovibrational spectroscopy of linear polyatomic molecules.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><p>This work shows the high-resolution fundamental rovibrational spectroscopy of the 12⁰0←02⁰0 vibrational hot band of site-specific ¹⁵N¹⁴N¹⁶O isotopologue of nitrous oxide using quantum cascade laser (QCL) coupled cavity ring-down spectroscopy at 7.8 µm region.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":616,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138560093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalysis via bimetallic Pd-Sn nanoparticles: green oxidation of secondary benzyl alcohol in water in the absence of base","authors":"Priyabrata Mukhi,&nbsp;Mukesh Kumar Nayak,&nbsp;Anuradha Mohanty,&nbsp;Sujit Roy","doi":"10.1007/s12039-023-02229-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12039-023-02229-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Novel Pd-Sn bimetallic nanoparticles have been synthesized using the wet chemical technique. The nanoparticles show excellent catalytic activity in oxidizing secondary benzyl alcohol to the corresponding carbonyl in water as the solvent without any additive. It also withstood multiple cycles without loss of activity. Preliminary kinetic studies indicate a β-hydride elimination mechanism.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>A bench-friendly wet-chemical method is designed to synthesize Pd-Sn bimetallic nanoalloys characterized by PXRD, FESEM, HRTEM, UV-Vis, FT-IR, EDAX, and ICP-OES. The nanoalloy is highly dispersible in water and catalyzes the oxidation of secondary alcohols in water with high TOF.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":616,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138431596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydroformylation of olefins using phosphorus ligands","authors":"Rohit Kumar,&nbsp;Anirban Sen,&nbsp;Samir H Chikkali","doi":"10.1007/s12039-023-02227-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12039-023-02227-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Easily accessible BINOL-based monodentate phosphite ligand L1 and hybrid ligand L2 have been synthesized in good yield by following a one-pot, two-step protocol. A single ³¹P resonance at 146.6 ppm confirmed the formation of L1. Subsequent 1-2D NMR and mass spectrometric analysis authenticated the existence of L1. These ligands afforded excellent activity and regio-selectivity in the Rh-catalyzed AHF of styrenic substrates. L1 showed excellent regioselectivity but did not discriminate between the two enantiomers, while L2 displayed an enantiomeric excess (ee) of up to 20%. In our attempts to understand the reasons for low ee, the coordination behavior of L2 was investigated. The coordination study revealed that L2 coordinates with the Rh as a monodentate ligand, although there are two P-sites. It was found that only the phosphine arm was coordinated to the Rh and the phosphite arm stayed away from the Rh core at the ambient temperature, leading to moderate ee.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>One-step synthesis of a phosphite (L1) and a phosphine-phosphite (L2) ligand and their implication in the asymmetric hydroformylation of olefins with excellent regioselectivity (&gt;95%) and moderate enantioselectivity (up to 20%) is reported.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":616,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138138618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and Photoelectric Properties of D-A Conjugated Polymers of Benzothiadiazoles with Different Molecular Weights","authors":"Wenming Yang,&nbsp;Pengfei Li,&nbsp;Qunxiang Fang,&nbsp;Weihong Huang,&nbsp;Wanzhen Xu","doi":"10.1007/s12039-023-02226-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12039-023-02226-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, we have synthesized and characterized a series of Donor−Acceptor (D–A) conjugated polymers (PffBT4T-2DT) with different molecular weights, introduced a microwave method into the synthesis process, shortened the experimental cycle time by over 5 days and increased the molecular weight of the polymers. The conditions affecting the molecular weight of the polymers were investigated. It is shown that the prepared conjugated polymers have excellent thermal stability and solubility, higher molecular weight polymers have broader absorption spectra and stronger inter-chain aggregation, and the strong aggregation ability of polymer chains is dependent on molecular weight and solution temperature, with lower polymer molecular weight and higher solution temperature both causing weaker polymer chain aggregation. The polymer films of the three molecular weights have a uniform surface with a roughness of about 0.83 and good crystallinity. Transistor test results show that the higher molecular weight polymers perform better when applied to field effect transistors, with mobilities as high as 0.124 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹ and threshold voltages as low as 2 V.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><p>A series of donor-acceptor conjugated polymers (PffBT4T-2DT) with different molecular weights were synthesized by introducing the microwave method. The thermodynamic, optical, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties of the polymers were characterized, and the effect of molecular weight on the performance of organic field effect transistors (OFETs) was investigated.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":616,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138138616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of highly efficient nitrogen enrich graphene eosin-Y coupled photocatalyst that uses solar energy in trifluoromethylation of benzaldehydes","authors":"Swati Srivastava,&nbsp;Rajesh K Yadav,&nbsp;Satyam Singh,&nbsp;Rehana Shahin,&nbsp;Atul P Singh,&nbsp;Navneet K Gupta,&nbsp;Tae Wu Kim,&nbsp;Jin-Ook Baeg","doi":"10.1007/s12039-023-02223-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12039-023-02223-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The production of trifluoromethyl groups on organic compounds by graphene-based photocatalysts is an emerging research area in the 21^st century. However, the pricey and poisonous nature of metal-based photocatalysts poses a significant barrier to the insertion of trifluoromethyl groups. Therefore, the trifluoromethylation of organic compounds and conversion into sustainable, greener chemicals <i>via</i> solar light irradiation is a hot and challenging topic. So, herein we developed a solar light-harvesting nitrogen enrich Eosin-Y functionalized graphene-based (NDGFE-Y) photocatalytic system with appropriate band gap and supported by UV-Visible, FTIR, XRD, and FE-SEM, Raman spectra and TGA curve. This prepared photocatalyst is a yardstick example for the photoinduced oxide CF₃SO₂Na to produce the CF₃ as an electrophilic radical, effectively making the trifluoromethylation of benzaldehyde and their derivatives.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p> The graphical abstract represents the highly selective NDGFE-Y photocatalyst for trifluoromethylation of Benzaldehyde under solar light irradiation. The NDGFE-Y photocatalyst has effective photocatalytic properties due to the functionalization of Eosin -Y dye.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":616,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138138619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transmission of substituent effect through π-conjugation by cyclobutane ring","authors":"Sanjeev Rachuru,&nbsp;Jagannadham Vandanapu","doi":"10.1007/s12039-023-02220-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12039-023-02220-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A simple mathematical approach is provided in this article about the sp² character of the carbons of cyclobutane and its ability to transmit substituent effect through π-conjugation comparing the Hammett reaction constants (<b>ρ</b>) of the dissociation equilibriums of cinnamic acids, 2-(3 or 4-X-phenyl)cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acids and 3-phenylpropionic acids.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>The substituent <b>(X)</b> effect on dissociation equilibriums of 2-(3 or 4-X-phenyl)-cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acids through π-conjugation by cyclobutane ring is demonstrated comparing its Hammett reaction constant (ρ) with those of 3-X-phenylpropionic acids and cinnamic acids. The substituent effect in 2-(3 or 4-X-phenyl)-cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acids is 18% as effective as cinnamic acids.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":616,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134796427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}