Journal of Chemical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Flow-based Ru(II)-catalyzed C–C bond formation between primary and secondary alcohols","authors":"Kundan A Borse,&nbsp;Nilesh B Patil,&nbsp;Shekhar S Sawant,&nbsp;Arunkumar D Patil,&nbsp;Madhukar D Tayade,&nbsp;Nilesh S Pawar,&nbsp;Vikas Patil","doi":"10.1007/s12039-026-02500-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12039-026-02500-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study reports a versatile and efficient strategy for the selective formation of carbon–carbon single bonds from primary and secondary alcohols via a tandem dehydrogenation–condensation–hydrogenation sequence. The transformation was evaluated using a range of solvents (toluene, DCE, dioxane, THF and MeCN) and bases (KOH, ^<i>t</i>BuOK, triethylamine, K₂CO₃ and Na₂CO₃). Conducted under continuous-flow conditions, the process delivers high selectivity within remarkably short residence times. Mechanistic elucidation supported by spectroscopic analysis, <i>in situ</i> monitoring and control experiments confirms the operation of a sequential dehydrogenation–condensation–hydrogenation pathway. A key mechanistic feature is the interconvertible coordination behavior (imino-N → Ru and amido-N–Ru) of the imidazole ligand bound to Ru(II)–para-cymene, which governs catalytic activity and selectivity. The catalyst demonstrates excellent efficiency, selectivity and functional-group tolerance. The methodology is validated through six representative examples under continuous-flow conditions, highlighting its broad applicability. Notable synthetic applications include mono-methylation and hydrogenation of unsaturated chalcones, as well as double methylation of ketones. </p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>A continuous-fl ow Ru(II)–para-cymene catalytic process provides selective carbon–carbon single-bond formation in primary and secondary alcohols through tandem dehydrogenation–condensation–hydrogenation.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":616,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":"138 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147738267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical insights into oxyisocyclointegrin: DFT, binding affinity, and pharmacokinetic evaluation for protein kinase inhibition","authors":"K Unnikrishnan Nair,&nbsp;Prinson P Samuel","doi":"10.1007/s12039-026-02497-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12039-026-02497-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Protein kinases play a pivotal role in various cellular processes, and their dysregulation is often associated with cancer. In this study, we present a detailed computational investigation of OxyICI (oxyisocyclointegrin) as a potential multi target inhibitors of key protein kinases involved in tumorigenesis, validating its scaffold against well-known inhibitors (IPA-3, Alisertib, Ibrutinib and Afatinib). Molecular docking simulations showed that OxyICI exhibits binding affinities comparable to or exceeding those of standard inhibitors to four key targets: PAK1 (−8.9 kcal/mol <i>vs.</i> IPA-3's −8.3 kcal/mol), Aurora-A (−8.6 kcal/mol <i>vs.</i> Alisertib's −8.1 kcal/mol), BTK (−8.5 kcal/mol <i>vs.</i> Ibrutinib's −8.5 kcal/mol), and most notably, EGFR (−9.4 kcal/mol <i>vs.</i> Afatinib's −8.6 kcal/mol).These robust interactions involve distinct binding mechanisms, with OxyICI primarily utilizing a network of conventional hydrogen bonds with critical active site residues. Pharmacokinetic predictions confirmed that OxyICI adheres to drug-likeness criteria, predicting favourable oral bioavailability and high gastrointestinal absorption potential, while being minimally permeant to the blood-brain barrier. <i>In silico</i> toxicity analysis predicted a manageable acute toxicity profile (LD₅₀ =566 mg/kg). DFT calculations at the B3LYP/DEF2-TZVP level revealed a moderate HOMO-LUMO gap, indicating a balanced reactivity profile. The consistently strong and often superior predicted binding affinities of the OxyICI scaffold, coupled with its favourable pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles, strongly warrant further exploration to be used it as a future kinase inhibitor.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>Oxyisocyclointegrin exhibits strong potential as a protein kinase inhibitor. The scaffold's robust binding affinities with key protein kinases such as PAK-1, Aurora-A, BTK and EGFR are demonstrated through advanced molecular docking studies, pharmacokinetic evaluation and DFT calculations.</p>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":616,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":"138 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147737524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of fluorinated analogues of oxyresveratrol and their cytotoxic activity against HepG2 and Caco-2 cancer cells","authors":"Nongnaphat Duangdee,&nbsp;Natawadee Chamboonchu,&nbsp;Boonwiset Seaho,&nbsp;Wichayasith Inthakusol,&nbsp;Wiratchanee Mahavorasirikul,&nbsp;Wacharee Harnying,&nbsp;Albrecht Berkessel,&nbsp;Saisuree Prateeptongkum","doi":"10.1007/s12039-026-02501-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12039-026-02501-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Oxyresveratrol is a naturally occurring phenolic compound found in various plant species, particularly in the heartwood of <i>Artocarpus lacucha</i>. There is a significant interest in oxyresveratrol due to its broad range of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and neuroprotective properties. It is well known that the introduction of fluorine can provide attractive opportunities in changing biological properties of a natural product. Accordingly, we synthesized fluorinated analogues of oxyresveratrol and evaluated their anticancer activity. By electrophilic fluorination with Selectfluor in the presence of nucleophiles, two new fluorinated compounds, i.e<i>.</i>, <i>anti</i>-1-[2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-fluoro-1-methoxy-ethyl]-2,4-dimethoxybenzene and <i>anti</i>-1-[2-(3,5-diacethoxyphenyl)-1,2-difluoro-ethyl]-2,4-diacetoxybenzene, were obtained in diastereomerically pure form. They exhibited up to ten-fold higher cytotoxicity against HepG2 cancer cells than the parent compound oxyresveratrol. Additionally, they displayed moderate activity against Caco-2 cancer cells, while oxyresveratrol and the common anticancer agent doxorubicin showed no cytotoxicity. These results indicate a beneficial effect of fluorination on the cytotoxicity of oxyresveratrol. Moreover, a wound-healing assay revealed that these fluorinated compounds displayed inhibition of the HepG2 cell migration.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>Diastereomerically pure fluorinated derivatives of oxyresveratrol were synthesized for the first time via electrophilic fluorination using Selectfluor. These derivatives exhibited up to a tenfold increase in cytotoxicity against HepG2 and Caco-2 cancer cells compared with the parent compound, indicating that fluorine substitution enhances the cytotoxic potential of oxyresveratrol.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":616,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":"138 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147642788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of manganese oxide phases towards vapor phase cross-ketonization of benzoic acid and cyclohexane carboxylic acid to cyclohexyl phenyl ketone","authors":"P Mahesh Kumar,&nbsp;Y Nagesh,&nbsp; Yogita,&nbsp;G Mallikarjun,&nbsp;N Lingaiah","doi":"10.1007/s12039-026-02499-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12039-026-02499-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A set of catalysts with different manganese content on alumina support were prepared and characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. These catalysts were evaluated for continuous vapor phase cross-ketonization of benzoic acid with cyclohexane carboxylic acid to synthesize cyclohexyl phenyl ketone. The catalysts characteristic results indicated the presence of different manganese oxide forms. The activity influenced by the manganese oxide phases and the formation of these phases depended on the content of manganese oxide in the catalyst. The catalysts with high amount of Mn₃O₄ phase showed better conversion of benzoic acid with selective formation of cyclohexyl phenyl ketone. The ketonization reaction was tested under different reaction conditions and optimized reaction parameters were established. The catalyst showed high stability during the time on stream analysis.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p> The preparation of cyclohexyl phenyl ketone was achieved through a continuous vapour phase cross-ketonization reaction of benzoic acid with cyclohexane carboxylic acid over Mn oxide supported on Al₂O₃ catalyst. Mn₂O₃ and Mn₃O₄ phases are highly active for ketonization. The catalysts are highly stable and selective during time on stream analysis.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":616,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":"138 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147606558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ligand-assisted transfer hydrogenation of ketones and aldehydes via iridium azocarboxamide catalyst: A DFT-based mechanistic investigation","authors":"Suravi Das,&nbsp;Poulami Pal,&nbsp;Gourab Kanti Das","doi":"10.1007/s12039-026-02498-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12039-026-02498-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Density functional theory (DFT) studies are carried out to investigate the hydride transfer mechanism in the transfer hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds catalysed by Ir–Cp* azocarboxamide complexes. The calculations show that the asynchronous type of outer sphere metal hydridic pathway is energetically more favourable than the inner-sphere ligand-assisted hydridic route. Activation energy barriers for each step of different pathways are calculated using DFT, including the outer sphere hydridic route and inner sphere ligand-assisted route, highlighting how the hydridic route and metal alkoxide ligand hydridic route play an interesting role in determining the best-suited pathway. These computational outcomes portray the key electronic and steric factors that govern catalytic activity in azocarboxamide-based Ir complexes, which correlate with the experimental study.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p><i>\u0000Synopsis.</i> DFT analyses of Ir–Cp* azocarboxamide complexes for the transfer hydrogenation show that the asynchronous hydridic pathway is energetically preferred over the inner-sphere ligand-assisted method. The catalytic path is controlled by electronic parameters, energy barriers, which show the importance of hydridic and alkoxide-assisted pathways in agreement with the results.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":616,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":"138 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147606488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sunlight-driven photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue via Yb3+-doped Mg–Zn ferrite anchored on carbon nanotubes","authors":"Parveen Kumari,&nbsp;Krishan Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s12039-026-02493-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12039-026-02493-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A surfactant-assisted co-precipitation method enabled the synthesis of Yb³⁺ ion-doped Mg–Zn ferrites, which were subsequently combined with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using ultrasonication to produce excellent magnetically recyclable, visible-light-responsive nanocomposites. This synergistic design enables efficient solar-driven degradation of pollutants while ensuring reusability, making them promising candidates for sustainable and economically efficient environmental remediation. The samples were characterised by X-Ray diffraction, which verified the successful integration of a spinel ferrite with CNTs. Meanwhile, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed a spherical morphology featuring particle sizes from 7.62 to 12.34 nm. The FTIR spectra highlight significant vibrational modes at 450 and 560 cm^–1, corresponding to the octahedral and tetrahedral sites, respectively. TEM shows spherical grains that aggregate and exhibit a porous morphology alongside CNTs. Vibrating sample magnetometer analysis confirms superparamagnetism, and incorporating CNTs with ferrite nanoparticles in these nanocomposites significantly reduces their band gap values from 2.53 to 2.08 eV, which is observed with increasing Yb³⁺ concentration. Photocatalytic tests significantly improved dye degradation, with YMZC10 achieving 90.44% efficiency within 90 min under solar irradiation. The engineered nanocomposites demonstrate excellent photocatalytic activity, structural stability, and magnetic retrievability along with reusability, making them highly effective for degrading organic pollutants in wastewater.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p><i>Synopsis.</i> \u0000This graphical abstract demonstrates photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) using Yb³⁺-doped Mg–Zn ferrite nanoparticles anchored on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the presence of sunlight. Solar irradiation leads to the generation of electron–hole pairs, promoting the formation of reactive oxygen species that oxidatively degrade the MB dye. The magnetic ferrite core enables easy magnetic separation and ensuring efficient recyclability posttreatment\u0000leading to environmental sustainability.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":616,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":"138 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147607094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CexZn1–xO2 catalysts for conversion of propanoic acid to 3-pentanone via ketonization","authors":"Navitha Mudoor Vasantha,&nbsp;Basavaraj Kumbarageri,&nbsp;Rawesh Kumar,&nbsp;Ganesh Narayanaswamy,&nbsp;Harsha Murudappa,&nbsp;Sree Karthikayan,&nbsp;Sanjeev P Maradur,&nbsp;Naga Suresh Enjamuri","doi":"10.1007/s12039-026-02489-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12039-026-02489-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ketonization of carboxylic acids offers a highly effective strategy for upgrading bio-oil by reducing its oxygen content and enhancing fuel properties. In this study, a series of Ce_<i>x</i>Zn_1–<i>x</i>O₂ catalysts with varying Ce/Zn ratios were synthesized and evaluated for the ketonization of propanoic acid to produce 3-pentanone, a valuable intermediate with improved thermal stability and hydrophobicity. Among the catalysts tested, Ce_0.7Zn_0.3O₂ catalyst exhibited exceptional performance, achieving &gt;99% conversion of propanoic acid and &gt;99% selectivity toward 3-pentanone at 350 °C, with stable catalytic activity maintained over a period of 3 h. BET surface area analysis revealed that all the catalysts possess mesoporous structures characterized by type-IV isotherms with H3 hysteresis loops. PXRD results indicated the formation of a CeO₂-dominated solid solution, with highly dispersed ZnO phase undetectable by diffraction. However, AAS, Raman analysis and FT-IR studies supports the presence of ZnO in the Ce_<i>x</i>Zn_1–<i>x</i>O₂ catalysts. CO₂ and NH₃-TPD measurements demonstrated that Zn incorporation significantly enhanced the acidic and basic surface sites, which are crucial for propanoic acid ketonization activity. These findings highlight the potential of Ce_<i>x</i>Zn_1–<i>x</i>O₂ catalysts for efficient bio-oil upgrading and contribute to the advancement of renewable fuel technologies through catalytic conversion of low-molecular-weight carboxylic acids.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>Ce_<i>x</i>Zn_1–<i>x</i>O₂ catalysts with varying Ce/Zn ratios were synthesized and evaluated for the ketonization of propanoic acid to produce 3-pentanone. Among the catalysts tested, Ce_0.7Zn_0.3O₂ catalyst exhibited exceptional performance, achieving &gt;99% propanoic acid and &gt;99% 3-pentanone selectivity at 350 °C, with stable catalytic activity maintained over a period of 3 h.</p>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":616,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":"138 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147607351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel synthesis of C3-carbonylated imidazopyridines by the ring opening and closing cascade (ROCC) mechanism","authors":"Pradeepkumar Thota,&nbsp;Sandeep Sunkaraboina,&nbsp;Poosa Mallesham,&nbsp;K Shivakumar,&nbsp;Krishna S Ethiraj,&nbsp;Satyanarayana Yennam,&nbsp;Manoranjan Behera","doi":"10.1007/s12039-026-02484-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12039-026-02484-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A new regioselective method for the synthesis of 3-benzoyl-imidazopyridines has been developed. The reaction proceeds via ring opening and closing cascade mechanism (ROCC) of 3-formyl chromone with 2-amino pyridine. This is the first report for the preparation of (2-hydroxyphenyl)(imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)methanone derivatives using I₂/NH₄OAc. This approach has several advantages, including easy access to starting materials, no metals used and avoiding toxic peroxides thereby providing a green approach for the synthesis of imidazopyridine.</p><p><b>Synopsis (for Contents page)</b>: A new regioselective method for the synthesis of 3-benzoyl-imidazopyridines via ring opening and closing cascade mechanism (ROCC) of 3-formyl chromone with 2-amino pyridine has been described. This is the first report for the preparation of (2-hydroxyphenyl)(imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)methanone derivatives using I2/NH4OAc. </p>","PeriodicalId":616,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":"138 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147607092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redox catalysis with environmental benign and abundant aluminium towards cyclotrimerization of alkynes","authors":"Lokesh Rai,&nbsp;Sujoy Rana","doi":"10.1007/s12039-026-02508-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12039-026-02508-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Low-valent aluminium catalyst can promote alkyne cyclotrimerization to form substituted benzene derivatives through an Al(III)/Al(I) redox catalytic cycle. The redox activity of aluminium resembles with the transition-metal behaviour in the Reppe Reaction. This work, recently reported by Zhang and Liu, highlights the potential of aluminium, an earth-abundant main-group element to mediate complex catalytic transformations, offering a more sustainable alternative to traditional transition-metal systems. Furthermore, it provides an important outline for the design and development of redox-active aluminium complexes for future catalytic applications.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p><i>Synopsis</i>: A carbazolyl-ligand based molecular Al(I)-complex has been developed which undergoes oxidative addition and triggers insertion, reductive elimination in presence with terminal alkynes to provide cyclotrimerization product. This news story highlights the essence of Al-catalysts in redox-catalysis due to its abundance, low toxicity, and cost-effectivity.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":616,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":"138 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, synthesis, crystal structure, spectral characterization of new pyrazole derivatives and their α-amylase inhibitory potential","authors":"Dinesh Kumar Govindappa,&nbsp;Karthik Kumara,&nbsp;Swati Mylarappa,&nbsp;Neratur Krishnappagowda Lokanath,&nbsp;Kariyappa Ajay Kumar,&nbsp;Hanasavadi Parameshwarappa Jayadevappa","doi":"10.1007/s12039-026-02496-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12039-026-02496-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In search for novel α-amylase inhibitors, the present study reports an efficient protocol for the synthesis of 2-pyrazoline derivatives, which involves an Amberlyst-15-catalyzed (3 + 2) annulation reaction of chalcones with phenylhydrazine or semicarbazide at room temperature. The structures were confirmed by spectroscopic analysis, and among the series, the compound 5-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-3-(4-methylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1<i>H</i>-pyrazole-1-carboxamide <b>5c</b>, was confirmed through single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The analysis revealed the presence of intermolecular C–H...O and N–H...O hydrogen bond interactions. The molecular structure was stabilized by C–H...π and π...π molecular interactions. The intermolecular N–H...O interaction leads to the formation of an R₂²(8) supramolecular synthon. The preliminary <i>in vitro</i> α-amylase inhibition assay studies of compounds <b>4</b>(<b>a</b>–<b>d</b>) and <b>5</b>(<b>a</b>–<b>d</b>) indicated the promising inhibitory effects. The compounds demonstrated good α-amylase inhibition with IC₅₀ values ranging from 2.23 to 9.16 µM, with the most potent inhibitors being <b>5b</b> (IC₅₀ = 2.23 µM) and <b>4b</b> (IC₅₀ = 3.86 µM), in comparison to the control drug acarbose (IC₅₀ = 2.56 µM).</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>In search of potent anti-diabetic agents, a series of pyrazoles <b>4</b>(<b>a</b>–<b>d</b>) and pyrazole carboxamides <b>5</b>(<b>a</b>–<b>d</b>) were synthesised through Amberlyst-15 catalysed reaction of chalcones <b>3</b>(<b>a</b>–<b>d</b>) with phenylhydrazine/semicarbazide hydrochloride in acetonitrile medium at room temperature. The crystallographic studies confirm the structure of <b>5c</b>. The newly synthesised compounds were evaluated for α-amylase activity, and the results revealed that <b>4b</b> and <b>5b</b> exhibit the most potent activities.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":616,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":"138 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}