Iranian Polymer Journal最新文献

{"title":"Mechanical and thermal investigation of high-density polyethylene/multi-walled carbon nanotube/tungsten disulfide hybrid composites","authors":"Sampath Kumar Sudarsanam,&nbsp;K. Panneerselvam","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01305-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01305-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the impact of addition of different weight percentages of tungsten disulphide (WS₂) lubricant on the thermal and mechanical properties of high density polyethylene (HDPE) hybrid composites reinforced with a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). HDPE composites were fabricated using a twin-screw extruder process employed to add reinforcement and lubricants in different weight percentages (%, by weight). X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicated the distribution and dispersion of filler materials in the HDPE matrix. The quality of the composite was investigated by measuring the mechanical properties such as impact strength, hardness, tensile strength, and flexural strength. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was employed to examine the thermal stability of the composite material. Main decomposition temperatures were determined using derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) analysis. Thermal transitions and degree of crystallisation (<i>X</i>_c) of the polymeric materials used were investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique. The lubricant was added in three varying amounts of 2%, 4% and 8% (by weight) whilst MWCNT was maintained at 1% (by weight). The experimental results revealed that the composite with 2% (by weight) of WS₂ provides better mechanical properties such as impact strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, and hardness. With an increase in lubricant percentage, agglomeration of particles is found to be dominant in the composite, and the composite with 4% (by weight) of WS₂ displays better thermal properties, as determined using TGA, DTG and DSC analytical techniques.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"33 8","pages":"1075 - 1089"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140592812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced smoke/toxicity suppression of intumescent flame retardant thermoplastic polyurethane composites with the addition of graphene","authors":"Leila Taghi-Akbari,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Naimi-Jamal,&nbsp;Shervin Ahmadi,&nbsp;Saeed Bakhtiyari","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01303-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01303-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High flame retardancy with significant suppression of toxic smoke and melt-dripping are challenging issues associated with flame-retardant thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). To address these issues, in this work, graphene (Gr) was used as an effective two-dimensional smoke-toxicity suppressant with loadings less than 1 wt%, in combination with two efficient intumescent flame retardant (IFR) systems reported in our previous works. The IFRs were consisted of ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol (PER), and melamine polyphosphate (MPP) with MPP:PER ratios of 10:1 (IFR1) and 1:1 (IFR2). Cone calorimeter test (CCT) results showed outstanding flame retardancy and excellent toxic smoke suppression in TPU/IFR1/0.75%Gr sample with reduced peak heat release rate (PHRR) by 85.3%, peak smoke production rate (PSPR) by 92.1%, and peak carbon monoxide production (PCOP) by 91.3% compared with neat TPU. TPU/IFR2/0.5%Gr sample exhibited a similar trend, with the PHRR, PSPR, and PCOP reduced by 66.8%, 62.5%, and 64.0%, respectively, with good anti-dripping property. The barrier function of graphene had a significant influence on reducing total smoke released in TPU/IFR1/0.75%Gr and TPU/IFR2/0.5%Gr samples by 82.1% and 34.3%, respectively, compared with their related TPU/IFRs composites. TPU nanocomposites reached a UL-94 V-0 rating and LOI of more than 29%. TGA results indicated improved char-forming, and FESEM depicted the graphitized integrated char structures. Mechanical performance of TPU/IFR2/0.5%Gr exhibited an enhanced ductility compared with the neat TPU. The possible flame retardancy mechanism was proposed based on the data obtained from the CCT, TGA, and EDS elemental analysis.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"33 8","pages":"1129 - 1142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140362954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microwave-assisted aggregation of CO2-switchable polystyrene latexes prepared through emulsion polymerization using cationic stabilizers","authors":"Sajad Avar,&nbsp;Abbas Rezaee Shirin-Abadi","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01302-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01302-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microwave irradiation (MWI) is introduced as a novel trigger to aggregate CO₂-switchable latexes. The polystyrene (PS) latexes were synthesized through emulsion polymerization in two ways (using polar monomer 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) (as in situ copolymerization), and a well-defined block copolymer, poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate-block-methyl methacrylate), PDMAEMA-<i>b</i>-PMMA as positively charged stabilizing moieties in the presence of 4,4'-(diazene-1,2-diyl) bis(<i>N</i>-(3-(dimethylamino) propyl)-4-methylpentanamide) (DABPA) as an “inistab” (initiator + colloidal stabilizer). Since the polymerization was conducted in acidic media using hydrochloric acid (HCl) to protonate stabilizers, PS latexes could be simply destabilized by adding NaOH. The destabilized latexes were redispersed by introducing CO₂ plus sonication to yield CO₂-switchable latexes. The particle size of the resultant latexes after redispersion was very similar to that of primary latexes, as measured by dynamic light scattering. MWI and conventional heating (CH) stimuli were applied to aggregate the CO₂-switchable PS latex particles. The influence of different factors on the time required for aggregation and particle size changes of the synthesized latexes was studied. These two methods of destabilization of PS latexes produce completely different switching behavior. Findings revealed that microwave-assisted aggregation (MAA) relative to CH required less time, but an increase in particle size of the redispersed particles in comparison to the original latexes was observed. Therefore, MAA can be assumed as a promising trigger for the aggregation of CO₂-responsive latexes. This facile aggregation process, which could reduce time and energy input, might be of high interest and importance in various applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"33 8","pages":"1017 - 1030"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140363188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature-dependent storage modulus of polymer nanocomposites, blends and blend-based nanocomposites based on percolation and De Gennes’s self-similar carpet theories","authors":"Reza Mohammadi,&nbsp;Esmail Sharifzadeh,&nbsp;Neda Azimi","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01300-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01300-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Temperature-dependent storage modulus of polymer nanocomposites, blends and blend-based nanocomposites was studied using both analytical and experimental approaches. The analytical strategy comprised modeling the thermomechanical property of the systems based on parameters affecting the conversion degree of polymer chains in state-to-state transitions and mechanical characteristics of the polymer/polymer interface. Accordingly, percolation theory was developed to define the order of conversion rate and conversion degree of polymer chains considering the thermomechanical characteristics of the neat polymer matrix, behavior of nanoparticles in the system and formation of polymer/particle interphase region. The effect of interphase on a temperature-dependent conversion of polymer molecules was estimated based on De Gennes’s self-similar using the molecular characteristics of the adsorbed polymer chains and related scaling factor. To validate the model predictions, different neat, blend, nanocomposite and blend-based nanocomposite samples were prepared using high-density polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate and hollow graphene oxide nanoparticles, where needed, and subjected to dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and other required tests. Besides providing acceptably accurate predictions in the case of all neat and nanocomposite samples, the model was proved to be independent of the system’s morphological variation.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"33 7","pages":"877 - 890"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140302899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of graphene oxide obtained from exhausted batteries in polypropylene compositions: mechanical, thermal and rheological properties","authors":"Paola A. Tarachuque,&nbsp;Ana P. Knopik,&nbsp;Reinaldo Y. Morita,&nbsp;Paulo R. S. Bittencourt,&nbsp;Luís A. Pinheiro,&nbsp;Jarem R. Garcia,&nbsp;Alex V. Pedroso,&nbsp;Juliana R. Kloss","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01301-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01301-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Particulate matter and volatile organic compounds pose severe threats to human health. Therefore, in this study samples of polypropylene/graphene oxide with varying compositions were prepared for to be tested in automotive sector. Graphene oxide was obtained through an electrochemical exfoliation of graphite recovered from exhausted batteries. The preparation of the composites was performed using graphene oxide at ratios of 0.3%, 0.7% and 1.0% (w/w), already diluted in a hyperdispersant agent. The composites were compared to both pure polypropylene and polypropylene/carbon black composites. The samples were characterized based on their melt flow index, thermal stability, crystallinity, flammability, and mechanical and rheological properties. The formulations containing graphene oxide obtained from the recycling of exhausted batteries exhibited superior thermal properties and melt flow index compared to pure polypropylene. In addition, the composites containing 0.7% of graphene oxide showed an increase in flow index compared to the composite containing carbon black. The rheological properties of samples containing graphene oxide had values closer to pure polypropylene compared to those containing only hyperdispersant or carbon black. The increase in the flow index of a composite containing graphene oxide can result in energy cost savings during processing. Polypropylene/graphene oxide composites present an interesting alternative by replacing carbon black with recycled graphene oxide, both in terms of costs and environmental impact, aligning with the principles of green chemistry.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"33 7","pages":"955 - 964"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140202160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface modification of membrane bioreactor by hybrid halloysite nanotubes for industrial wastewater treatment containing heavy metals","authors":"Sajjad Gorjizadeh,&nbsp;Masoud Rahbari-Sisakht,&nbsp;Daryoush Emadzadeh","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01298-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01298-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Surface modification of polysulfone (PSF) membrane bioreactor using hybrid halloysite nanotubes (HHNTs) and dendrimers was investigated for industrial wastewater treatment containing heavy metals. Petroleum wastewater was obtained from liquefied gas plant 1200 (NGL 1200) in Gachsaran, Iran. Polysulfone)PSF( membranes were fabricated using hybrid halloysite nanotubes and dendrimers at different concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 wt% and identified with certain codes of PSF, HNT0.5, HNT1, and HNT2, respectively. The fabricated membranes were characterized by FTIR, AFM, EDX, SEM, and contact angle analyses. The contact angle decreased as a result of HNT loading in PSF membranes, which was due to the enhancement of the membrane hydrophobicity. The heavy metal rejection in the HNT1 membrane for Cu (II), Pb (II), Ni (II), and Zn (II) was 83.25%, 98.79%, 81.09%, and 85.98%, respectively. Also, the rejection of Ni (II) in PSF was 38.24% which showed a lower amount. Based on the results, the HNT1 membrane which was fabricated using 1 wt% of the hybrid halloysite nanotubes showed the best performance to heavy metals removal from industrial effluents.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"33 7","pages":"1001 - 1016"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140201983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the impact of void content and hygrothermal aging on the performance of carbon/epoxy composite laminates: a comprehensive study","authors":"Abd Baghad,&nbsp;Khalil El Mabrouk","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01295-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01295-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effect of voids and aging on the moisture absorption behavior, diffusion characteristics, and thermomechanical and mechanical performance of autoclaved laminates has been investigated. However, a series of 12 laminates based on HexPly 8552S/AS4 prepregs were manufactured by varying the autoclave process parameters to create laminates with different void contents and subjected to conditioning and aging processes. The moisture absorption behavior was evaluated, and a Fickian diffusion model was employed to describe the moisture absorption process. The results showed that void content influenced the moisture absorption rate, resulting in faster absorption rate. Hygrothermal aging decreased the glass transition temperature (<i>T</i>_g), indicating a loss of rigidity in the laminates. The decrease in <i>T</i>_g varies between 9.08 and 12.57%, with an average decrease of 10.62 ± 1.25% compared to samples not subjected to aging. Aging also affected the laminate’s compressive modulus, with a reduction ranging from 6.99 to 10.65%. In addition, the laminate’s compressive strength decreased from 12.7 to 19.2%, while interlaminar shear strength experienced a reduction from 16.8 to 25.7%. These results indicate that these properties were negatively impacted after the aging process. On the other hand, the presence of voids does not appear to play a significant role in the observed reductions in mechanical and thermomechanical properties. These findings provide valuable insights into the detrimental effects of voids and aging on the properties of carbon/epoxy composite laminates.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"33 6","pages":"827 - 837"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140202057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel chemical route for low-temperature curing of natural rubber using 2,4 dihydroxybenzaldehyde: improved thermal and tensile properties","authors":"Bote Vaishali Raosaheb,&nbsp;Anand Adeppa,&nbsp;Sudhakara Aralihalli,&nbsp;Ekwipoo Kalkornsurapranee,&nbsp;Akarapong Tuljittraporn,&nbsp;Arthittaya Chuaybamrung,&nbsp;A. V. Vijayashankar,&nbsp;Jobish Johns","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01297-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01297-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A novel method for chemically curing natural rubber (NR) using 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (DHB) at low temperatures has been discovered. Adding varying amounts of DHB to NR increases the crosslinking between the NR molecular chains. The chemical reaction between NR molecular chains and DHB was confirmed through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. From the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the thermal stability and activation energy of degradation were determined. The variation in glass transition temperature (<i>T</i>_g), as an indication of increased crosslink density, reducing the mobility of rubber chains, has been confirmed through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The addition of DHB to latex significantly enhanced the thermal stability of the rubber. An increase in the activation energy of 5.52% was observed upon the addition of 80 mL DHB into NRL when compared to the uncured one. Furthermore, the tensile properties, in terms of tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of rubber, were drastically increased through DHB crosslinking. Tensile strength values of rubber were found to increase by reducing its elongation at break due to the formation of crosslinks between the macromolecular chains. NR cured with 80 mL DHB exhibited superior tensile and thermal properties among the series of cured samples. By adding 80 mL of DHB, the tensile strength increased by 390% and the elongation at break decreased by 10%. The advantage of this curing method is that, it is an effective technique for crosslinking NR directly from NR latex at comparatively low temperature.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"33 7","pages":"915 - 925"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140154235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of visible light catalyst Ag6Si2O7–TiO2 with core-shell nanostructure on performance of poly(vinylidene fluoride)-g-poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate/poly(vinylidene fluoride) high flux ultrafiltration membranes","authors":"Yulan Tang,&nbsp;Xianyuan Sun,&nbsp;Xiankun Zhang,&nbsp;Dongrui Zhou,&nbsp;Ting Li","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01299-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01299-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Combining photocatalysts are frequently used to address the issue of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes being susceptible to contamination. The main constraints of existing photocatalyst-modified films are the narrow light utilization range and the generally limited enhancement of hydrophilicity and flux of the films modified by a single photocatalyst. Herein, a novel visible light photocatalyst Ag₆Si₂O₇–TiO₂ with a core–shell nanostructure and a large specific surface area was prepared by in situ deposition. The casting solution was supplemented with Ag₆Si₂O₇–TiO₂ and 1.35 g PVDF-<i>g</i>-poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) prepared by ATRP and then a film through non-solvent-induced phase transformation was prepared. M1 with 0.25 g Ag₆Si₂O₇–TiO₂ has ideal overall performance in filtration of pure water and 20 mg/L SA solution. Its pure water flux, recovery flux, and rejection were found to be 1471 and 1091 L/(m² h), and 88.1%, respectively. Additionally, M1 has the best-increased flux by 20.3% greater under visible light (VIS) irradiation than under shading condition. To measure changes in flux and rejection under three conditions (shading, UV light, and VIS light), M1 was chosen as the representative membrane. There is no significant difference in filtering performance between UV and VIS, nevertheless, both are much better than no light. The photocatalytic degradation impact of M1 on ceftiofur sodium was next examined under UV and VIS circumstances, and the degradation effect of M1 under the two conditions was good and comparable, approximately 70% and 65%, respectively. It indicates that the modified membranes have excellent VIS responsiveness, flux, and anti-pollution performance.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"33 7","pages":"981 - 1000"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140168863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on association behavior and solution properties of poly(acrylic acid-alkyl polyoxyethylene acrylate) amphiphilic copolymers","authors":"Xiqiu Wang,&nbsp;Zhiqing Zhang,&nbsp;Yukun Zhang,&nbsp;Guodong Zhang,&nbsp;Fang Wang","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01296-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01296-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hydrophobically associating water-soluble polymers (HAWSPs), which possess surfactant and polymer properties, are extensively studied. This research work presents a novel HAWSP, poly(acrylic acid-alkyl polyoxyethylene acrylate) (P(AA-AAEO_n)), synthesized by aqueous polymerization of acrylic acid and alkyl polyoxyethylene acrylate (AAEO_n) with various ethoxy groups. The structure of P(AA-AAEOn) was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. The association behavior in the solution was also evaluated through surface tension, dynamic light scattering, and rheology measurements. The findings exhibited that P(AA-AAEO_n) demonstrated noteworthy surface activity, which was amplified as the proportion of the hydrophobic group increased and could effectively reduce the water surface tension. When the concentration reached 0.01%, P(AA-AAEOn) in the solution changed from intramolecular association to intermolecular association. Additionally, P(AA-AAEO_n) manifested notable shear resistance, shear recovery, and viscoelasticity, transitioned from energy elasticity to entropy elasticity in P(AA-AAEO_n) molecules between 25 and 35 ℃. The experimental phenomena and mechanisms resulting from the association behavior of polymer molecules have undergone careful analysis. The elastic conversion of polymer molecules at varying temperatures is a noteworthy finding, which has not been extensively documented in earlier research works. A detailed analysis of this phenomenon has been conducted. However, further research is crucial to establish the prevalence of this phenomenon in HAWSPs.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"33 7","pages":"943 - 953"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140154302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}