Iranian Polymer Journal最新文献

{"title":"Development and characterization of polypropylene or polyamide 6 hybrid composites filled with magnetite and silicon carbide","authors":"Meral Akkoyun Kurtlu,&nbsp;Beril Tuncay,&nbsp;Sibel Tuna","doi":"10.1007/s13726-025-01518-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-025-01518-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polymers, which are becoming widespread day by day and find use in almost every domestic and industrial sectors, have many advantageous properties, on the other hand, their use in areas where thermal conductivity needed is limited due to their low thermal conductivity. To overcome this problem, the requirement for composite materials with high thermal conductivity is increasing and studies on this subject are becoming widespread. In this context, it is known that the thermal conductivity values of the polymer composite structure can be improved by adding fillers to the polymer structures that will augment the thermal conductivity. In this study, to improve the thermal conductivity of polypropylene (PP) and polyamide 6 (PA6), hybrid composites of PP or PA6, separately, filled with silicon carbide (SiC) and magnetite (Fe₃O₄) were prepared. For this purpose, PP/SiC/Fe₃O₄ and PA6/SiC/Fe₃O₄ composites were produced in 1:1 filler ratio with different filler contents (5, 10 and 20% by wts) by extrusion method and shaped by compression molding to determine the optimum amount of additives. Afterward, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, mechanical, molecular spectroscopic, and microstructure analyses were carried out for the characterization of all composites. When the study results were examined, it was seen that the PP/SiC/Fe₃O₄ composite structure containing the highest filler ratio of 20% (by wt) improved by 26% and a thermal conductivity value with a higher enhancement of 38% was obtained for PA6/SiC/Fe₃O₄ composite prepared at the same filler content compared to neat polymers.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"34 9","pages":"1469 - 1480"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and evaluation of grape and fig leaf extracts-modified polyvinyl alcohol composite packaging films","authors":"Arife Kübra Yontar","doi":"10.1007/s13726-025-01490-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-025-01490-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aims to develop biodegradable packaging films with environmentally friendly and antibacterial properties. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based composite films were produced by modifying fig (<i>Ficus carica</i> L.) and grape (<i>Vitis labrusca</i> L.) leaf extracts with high antioxidant content. The films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform ınfrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) methods. In mechanical tests, the highest tensile strength was measured as 203.4 MPa in films containing 45% fig leaf extract, and this value showed an increase of 66% compared to the pure PVA film. Water absorption capacity was reduced to 85%, water solubility to 20.68%, and moisture content to 20%. Air permeability was reduced by 6%, and thermal conductivity was improved by 73%. In antibacterial tests, a 1.6 log₁₀ reduction was found against Escherichia coli and a 2.5 log₁₀ reduction against Staphylococcus aureus. In shelf life tests on chicken meat, it was observed that the modified films delayed spoilage by 2 days. This study offers significant potential for using biodegradable packaging films with completely natural content and high antibacterial properties in the food sector.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"34 10","pages":"1731 - 1754"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalytic action of natural clay on polyolefins during reactive processing","authors":"Emerson Ferreira da Silva,&nbsp;Denise dos Santos Luiz,&nbsp;Antonio José de Andrade Junior,&nbsp;Clodoaldo Saron","doi":"10.1007/s13726-025-01474-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-025-01474-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Natural and modified clays based on the montmorillonite structure are widely used for the preparation of polymer composites and nanocomposites. However, these clays can also cause changes in the properties of the polymer matrix after thermal treatment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the changes in structure and properties of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), polypropylene (PP) and LLDPE/PP blend after thermomechanical processing on high shear rate and controlled atmosphere in the presence of natural clay. Thus, natural bentonite clay in powder form was previously incorporated at 5 wt% to the LLDPE, PP and LLDPE blend in the proportion 70/30 wt%, respectively. Afterward, the materials were processed in an internal mixer MH-600 at 4500 rpm under nitrogen flow, maintaining the shearing by 90 s after polymer melting. Clay caused severe changes in the rheological, thermal and mechanical properties of the polymers, mainly for PP and LLDPE/PP blends, increasing the melt flow rate by 400% and decreasing elongation-at-break to 20% of the initial values. The presence of tertiary carbon in polymer chains of PP should lead to a higher sensibility to the degradation, showing that the stability of the polymer determines the structural changes in the materials. The use and control of these changes can be useful for the processing and compatibilization of complex polymer mixtures, such as polymer waste during mechanical recycling operations. On the other hand, in addition to the reinforcement action, the catalytic and deleterious effects of the clays should also be considered for the preparation of polymer composites.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"34 10","pages":"1721 - 1729"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellulose nanocrystals effect to improve mechanical properties of epoxy-based glass fiber-reinforced composites","authors":"Alaa Mohemmed Salih,&nbsp;Farid Vakili-Tahami,&nbsp;Hasan Biglari","doi":"10.1007/s13726-025-01468-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-025-01468-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work investigated the effect of incorporating cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) into epoxy resin to enhance the mechanical properties of the glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) nanocomposites, with the goal of identifying the optimal CNC content based on mechanical and thermal performance. CNCs obtained via acid hydrolysis were added in varying weight percentages (0.5, 1, and 1.5 wt%) to the epoxy resin. The formation of molecular bonds between CNCs and epoxy resin was confirmed through Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy methods. Results revealed that the addition of 1 wt% CNCs notably enhanced the mechanical properties, including a 24% increase in tensile strength and 25% improvement in elastic modulus compared to the neat epoxy sample. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) further demonstrated improved adhesion between glass fibers and epoxy at this concentration, attributing enhanced interfacial bonding to the hydrogen interactions between CNCs and glass fibers. The highest CNC content of 1.5 wt% resulted in agglomeration, leading to a moderate reduction in mechanical properties. However, this sample with a 30% improvement still exhibited a higher modulus than the neat epoxy due to restricted chain mobility. The thermal analysis showed an increase of 4.5 °C in glass transition temperature in the 1.5 wt% CNC/epoxy-based GFRP composite sample. The findings suggested that CNCs significantly improved the mechanical and thermal performance of the GFRP/CNCs-epoxy nanocomposites, making them promising for high-performance applications in aerospace, automotive, and construction industries.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"34 10","pages":"1707 - 1720"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological predictions of polyurethane/clay nanocomposite systems by compressible self-consistent field theory","authors":"Gohar Mohammadi,&nbsp;Somayeh Ghasemirad,&nbsp;Mehrdad Kokabi","doi":"10.1007/s13726-025-01467-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-025-01467-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Thermodynamic modelling was conducted using compressible self-consistent field theory to predict the morphology of polyurethane (PU)/clay nanocomposites. The PU comprised of poly(tetramethylene ether)glycol, as its soft segment, and methylene bis(cyclohexyl) diisocyanate-butanediol-methylene bis(cyclohexyl) diisocyanate, as its hard segment. The effect of polyol molecular weight, degree of polymerization of PU, nanoparticle volume fraction, solubility parameter of nanoparticle, and temperature on the free energy of the system was investigated. At 25 °C, a tenfold increase in the molecular weight of the polyol from 1000 to 10,000 g/mol in a PU nanocomposite containing clay with a solubility parameter of 24.4 (J/cm³)^1/2 at a volume fraction of 0.05 led to 56% drop in the free energy per unit area of the system. In similar conditions regarding temperature and the solubility parameter of clay, with a fivefold increase in the polymerization degree of a PU comprised of a polyol with a molecular weight of 1000 g/mol, from 10 to 50, a 110% reduction in the free energy per unit area was observed. Raising the nanoparticle volume fraction from 0.05 to 0.1 and reducing the solubility parameter of the nanoparticle from 24.4 to 17.7 (J/cm³)^1/2 decreased the free energy per unit area. Furthermore, with an increase in the temperature from 25 to 190 °C and thus, with the thermal expansion of the polymer and the dilution of their interactions with the nanoparticle, the free energy per unit area increased. The results showed an ordered exfoliated morphology for the nanocomposite systems, in good agreement with the experimental results.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"34 10","pages":"1693 - 1706"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poly(lactic acid)/saponite grafted polystyrene composites films: ultraviolet aging, enzymatic degradation behavior, and molecular dynamics simulation analysis","authors":"Zhe Wang,&nbsp;Tengfei Shao,&nbsp;Yikelamu Jilili,&nbsp;Yumiao Ma,&nbsp;Weijun Zhen","doi":"10.1007/s13726-025-01470-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-025-01470-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this study was to compare the UV aging and enzymatic degradation behavior of pure PLA film (PLA0) and modified saponite composite (PLA3) film at 0.5% (by wt). Polarized microscopy tests showed that the addition of a modified saponite (SAP-<i>g</i>-PS) significantly increased the crystallization rate of the PLA films. The growth rate of spherical crystals of PLA3 composites film was 1.52 μm/min, which was much lower than that of PLA0 films. The elongation-at-break and tensile strength of the PLA3 composite films decreased from 94.03% and 33.24 MPa to 50.59% and 20.38 MPa during UV aging. However, the elongation-at-break and tensile strength of PLA0 film was decreased to 12.53% and 25.12 MPa. The carbonyl index results showed that PLA0 film was reduced from 1.86 to 1.51, and PLA3 was reduced from 2.56 to 2.29, which proved that SAP-<i>g</i>-PS effectively alleviated the UV aging of PLA films. The enzymatic degradation experiments showed that the mass loss results of PLA0 film reached 40.82% at the temperature of 50℃ and the degradation time of 10 h, while the mass loss rate of PLA3 was 35.40% after degradation by proteinase K. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that even after 10 h of enzymatic degradation, the <i>T</i>_5%, <i>T</i>_50%, and <i>T</i>_end of PLA3 film were still 0.48 °C, 6.08 °C, and 8.62 °C higher than those of PLA0 film, which further indicated that SAP-<i>g</i>-PS was beneficial to the inhibition of the enzymatic degradation process of PLA films. The FTIR analysis results showed that the C–O–C and C=O intensities of PLA0 were lower than those of PLA3, which proved that the enzymatic degradation of PLA3 was lower than that of PLA0. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the interaction force of the PLA-based film was increased from 355.89 to −72.32 kcal/mol, and the MSD curves showed that there was a strong force between SAP-<i>g</i>-PS and PLA, and also indicated that the mobility was lower.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"34 10","pages":"1677 - 1691"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid silica–sodium lignosulfonate nanoparticles for the controlled release of azadirachtin","authors":"Carlos A. Busatto,&nbsp;Adriano Bruzzoni,&nbsp;María Eugenia Taverna,&nbsp;Maia Lescano,&nbsp;Diana A. Estenoz","doi":"10.1007/s13726-025-01466-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-025-01466-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explores the preparation and characterization of hybrid silica/sodium lignosulfonate nanoparticles using a simple method designed for the controlled release of azadirachtin, a bioinsecticide derived from the neem tree. Bioinsecticides like azadirachtin are highly effective, but prone to rapid photolytic degradation, which significantly limits their efficacy and longevity in agricultural applications. By combining the robust physical and chemical stability of silica with the biodegradability, UV-absorbing, and antioxidant properties of lignin, a renewable, sustainable, and cost-effective natural polymer, this innovative hybrid nanoparticle system addresses key challenges in bioinsecticide encapsulation, protection, and sustained release. The hybrid nanoparticles exhibited distinct nanocluster formation with well-defined spherical morphologies, while increasing lignin content was found to improve nanoparticle recovery and biopolymer incorporation. Specifically, lignin incorporation at 12.5, 25, and 50 mg resulted in respective lignin contents of 13.81%, 15.71%, and 21.75% within the nanoparticles. The results of this study include an optimized azadirachtin encapsulation efficiency of 37.4% and a controlled release profile extending over 48 h, demonstrating sustained release properties well suited for agricultural applications. Furthermore, environmental toxicity assessments using <i>Vibrio Fischeri</i> confirmed that the formulation poses minimal risk to non-target organisms, highlighting its potential as a highly safe, effective, and eco-friendly pest management solution.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"34 10","pages":"1665 - 1675"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of cutting parameters in CNC milling on mechanical properties of 3D-printed polylactic acid tensile test samples: axis speed, cutting direction and number of cutting tool teeth","authors":"Muhammed Safa Kamer","doi":"10.1007/s13726-025-01463-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-025-01463-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polylactic acid (PLA) filament is the most commonly used material in three-dimensional printers produced using the fused filament fabrication method. Studies on determining and developing the mechanical properties of 3D-printed PLA materials according to printing parameters continue in the literature. The innovation of this study is to determine the optimum cutting parameters with CNC (computer numerical control) milling of the test samples to determine the real mechanical properties of 3D-printed PLA tensile test samples. For this purpose, tensile test samples were produced using PLA filament with a 3D-printer, and the side edges of the produced samples were cut with a CNC milling machine using different cutting parameters. The cutting temperature, masses, surface roughness, and hardness of the products produced with this method were measured, and SEM images were taken from the cutting surfaces. As a result, it was determined that cutting temperatures and arithmetic average roughness values increased as the feed per tooth increased. It was determined that there was a 4 ~ 5 times increase in the elongation-at-break of the tensile test samples whose side surfaces were cut with a CNC milling machine. Among the parameters that are cut with CNC milling, the 5-4-500-Cl parameter, which has the lowest cutting temperature, feed per tooth, and the lowest arithmetic average roughness value, was chosen as the most suitable parameter for PLA material milling. The tensile modulus of the test sample in the selected parameter was determined to be 2.777 GPa, tensile strength was 48.442 MPa, and elongation-at-break was 15.043%.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"34 10","pages":"1647 - 1663"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interlayer hybridization effect on the mechanical properties and buckling responses of basalt/carbon/epoxy-laminated composites","authors":"Hukum Chand Dewangan,&nbsp;Phani Kumar Mallisetty,&nbsp;Palash Chowdhury,&nbsp;Naresh Chandra Murmu","doi":"10.1007/s13726-025-01465-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-025-01465-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work explored how interlayer hybridization impacted the mechanical (tensile and flexural) and buckling characteristics of the hybrid basalt/carbon/epoxy-laminated composites. The composites were fabricated using the wet-layup technique, altering the stacking sequences of basalt (B) and carbon fibers (C) layers. Laminates with the stacking sequence: [C/C/C/C]₂, [B/B/B/B]₂, [C/C/B/B]_S, [B/B/C/C]_S and [C/B/B/C]_S were fabricated. Test specimens were then prepared from each laminate, and their mechanical properties were experimentally determined using a universal testing machine (UTM). In addition, elastic properties of the composites were analyzed through micro-mechanical modeling using a representative volume element (RVE) and compared with experimental results. Findings revealed that the tensile and flexural properties of the hybrid laminates fell between those of pure carbon and basalt fiber-reinforced laminates. The critical buckling load was also experimentally measured and compared with finite element simulations conducted in ANSYS®-APDL. The work further investigated how laminate geometry (aspect ratio), boundary conditions, and fibers orientations influenced the critical buckling load. Results showed that changes in stacking sequences significantly impacted the structural performance, particularly the critical buckling load. The combination of basalt and carbon fibers in epoxy laminates enhanced the flexural load capacity by 34% and increased the critical buckling load by 47%.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"34 10","pages":"1631 - 1646"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statistical analysis of radiation crosslinking process parameters on the mechanical properties of poly(vinyl chloride) using the Taguchi method","authors":"Onur Çoban,&nbsp;Müsemma Erdoğan,&nbsp;Şahin Güzel,&nbsp;Ömer Bostan,&nbsp;Ahmet Erdem","doi":"10.1007/s13726-025-01459-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-025-01459-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, the tensile properties of plasticized PVC cables were optimized using radiation crosslinking process parameters, such as the crosslinking agent type, agent content, gamma irradiation dose rate, and PVC <i>K </i>value. Formulations were arranged for optimization using the Taguchi-based design of the experiments. Tensile tests were performed on all these different formulations to calculate the signal-to-noise ratios, which were used to maximize the tensile strength and strain values. Finally, regression and analysis of variance statistical analyses were performed to determine the effect of each design factor on the tensile properties. In addition, the gel content of each sample was measured and discussed to support the crosslinking performance on tensile properties. The analysis showed that the <i>K </i>value of PVC was the most significant process parameter affecting both tensile strength and strain. The results also indicated that the ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) crosslinking agent performed better than trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA) for the tensile strain. The optimum agent content was found to be 10 phr for maximum tensile properties. As a result of the analyses, it is worth noting that the <i>K </i>value of PVC should be considered to maximize the crosslinking performance on the tensile properties.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"34 10","pages":"1619 - 1630"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}