Iranian Polymer Journal最新文献_第8页

Short carbon fiber-reinforced PLA composites: influence of 3D-printing parameters on the mechanical and structural properties 短碳纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料：3D 打印参数对机械和结构特性的影响

IF 2.4 3区化学

Iranian Polymer Journal Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01315-8

Rasha Alkabbanie, Bulent Aktas, Gokhan Demircan, Serife Yalcin

{"title":"Short carbon fiber-reinforced PLA composites: influence of 3D-printing parameters on the mechanical and structural properties","authors":"Rasha Alkabbanie, Bulent Aktas, Gokhan Demircan, Serife Yalcin","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01315-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01315-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>3D printing, particularly “fused filament fabrication” (FFF), plays a crucial role in Industry 4. FFF is widely used for creating complex structures and multi-material parts across various industries such as food industry, fashion industry, and manufacturing sectors. The properties of FFF-produced objects are remarkably affected by printing parameters. This study explores the impact of printing parameters and the addition of short carbon fibers on the strength of polylactic acid (PLA) printed samples. The lowering layer height, increasing feed rate and extrusion temperature boost impact strength, while a smaller raster angle enhances it. Meanwhile, an improved flexural strength is achieved by adjusting layer height, extrusion temperature, and raster angle. Higher extrusion temperatures enhance tensile strength, microstructure, and reduce porosity. Lower layer height improves flexural and impact strength (28.05% increase in 0.1 mm layer height), higher feed rate boosts strengths (12.56% improvement in 7 mm<sup>3</sup>/s feed rate), and elevated extrusion temperatures enhance impact strength (14.49% increase in 230 °C extrusion temperature) but reduce flexural strength (14.44% decrease). Incorporating carbon fibers in PLA negatively affects the microstructure but increases crystallinity, raising the melting temperature and lowering cold-crystallization temperature. The introduction of carbon fibers into PLA results in a complex interplay of mechanical and thermal properties.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"33 8","pages":"1065 - 1074"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13726-024-01315-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140593172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Copper-based metal organic framework/polymer foams with long-lasting antibacterial effect 具有持久抗菌效果的铜基金属有机框架/聚合物泡沫

IF 2.4 3区化学

Iranian Polymer Journal Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01314-9

Xiaoyu Mao, Zi Ye, Jiaming Liang, Jiawen Lin, Xinyu Mei, Danfeng Deng, Renjie Shi, Zefeng Wang

{"title":"Copper-based metal organic framework/polymer foams with long-lasting antibacterial effect","authors":"Xiaoyu Mao, Zi Ye, Jiaming Liang, Jiawen Lin, Xinyu Mei, Danfeng Deng, Renjie Shi, Zefeng Wang","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01314-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01314-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of durable and effective antibacterial materials has been a research hotspot. Here, we reported a new kind of long-lasting stable antibacterial material [Cu-metal–organic framework (MOF)-embedded polyethylene (PE)/ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), namely Cu-MOF-embedded PE/EVA] through extrusion foaming, and its structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The degree of agglomeration or cluster formation, thermal stability, and melting point temperature of different contents of Cu-MOF/PE/EVA foams were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. The results indicated that with the increase of Cu-MOF content, the average size and swelling ratio for foams increased, instead, the density decreased. Besides, the surface gradually showed good hydrophobicity. Remarkably, the water absorption rate was nearly 8 times that of pure PE/EVA when the Cu-MOF content reached 3%. Since Cu-MOF is stably embedded in the foaming structure and well dispersed, it can release Cu<sup>2+</sup> at a rate of about 37 ppb/day in foams containing 3% Cu-MOF, which not only maintains the antimicrobial capacity up to 99.2%, but also have no cytotoxicity. Finally, a promising new candidate for medical material with excellent, durable antibacterial ability was proposed.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"33 10","pages":"1423 - 1434"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140592739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Structural, thermal and life span estimation of long-term ultraviolet aged PVC/ZnO nanocomposite 长期紫外线老化聚氯乙烯/氧化锌纳米复合材料的结构、热性能和寿命评估

IF 2.4 3区化学

Iranian Polymer Journal Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01286-w

Faiza Faiza, Abraiz Khattak

{"title":"Structural, thermal and life span estimation of long-term ultraviolet aged PVC/ZnO nanocomposite","authors":"Faiza Faiza, Abraiz Khattak","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01286-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01286-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>PVC-based nanocomposites with varying concentrations of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are fabricated using the melt mixing technique and then subjected to compression molding to acquire desired shapes (circular) and thickness (1.5 mm). Conformational analysis is performed using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and optical microscopy. The prepared samples are then exposed under UV light having an intensity of 5.11 mW/cm<sup>2</sup> for 5000 lab hours of aging. The effect of UV aging on the structural and thermal behavior of the nanocomposites is analyzed at every 1000 h. Structural degradation of more than 50% in the case of neat PVC has been observed to be reduced with the increase in filler concentration. The contact angle values for 2, 4 and 6 phr of PVC nanocomposites after 5000 h of aging are 69°, 93°, and 104° having hydrophobicity classes of HC3, HC2, and HC2, respectively. The detailed analysis to study the effect of UV aging on the thermal behavior of the nanocomposites is evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry in the temperature range of 60–220 °C. Finally, the life span of all the samples was calculated using statistical calculations and it was observed that PVC with 2 phr of ZnO showed a maximum lifetime of 17,750 lab hours whereas for PVC with 0 phr of ZnO 8693 lab hours were calculated.</p>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"33 6","pages":"711 - 725"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140592744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Direct measurement of microfibril structures in polyacrylonitrile fibers during carbon fiber manufacturing process 在碳纤维制造过程中直接测量聚丙烯腈纤维的微纤维结构

IF 2.4 3区化学

Iranian Polymer Journal Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01317-6

Quan Gao, Zhihan Wang, Yongfa Zhou, Jiang Ren

{"title":"Direct measurement of microfibril structures in polyacrylonitrile fibers during carbon fiber manufacturing process","authors":"Quan Gao, Zhihan Wang, Yongfa Zhou, Jiang Ren","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01317-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01317-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The exceptional tensile strength and modulus of high-performance carbon fibers are determined by the microstructure evolution during the manufacturing process. The comprehension of the internal morphology of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers is crucial for establishing the robust structure–property relationship and achieving superior mechanical properties in the fibers. In this work, a combination method of the ultrathin sectioning and electron microscopy technique was developed and employed for the analysis of internal structure features of the nascent fibers, precursor fibers, pre-oxidized fibers and carbon fibers. The microfibril elements were already formed during the coagulation stage and further developed within the carbon fibers through spinning, thermal stabilization and carbonization processes. Subsequently, the unoriented microfibrillar network underwent a transformation into dense fibrils, and the crystal layers within these microfibrils experienced a conversion into the turbostratic graphite structures. Based on the Nano-IR2-FS results, the morphological changes of the microfibrils were found to be intricately associated with the evolution of chemical structure, implying a strong correction between them. Through analysis of the modulus differences, it became possible to distinguish between the crystalline domains and amorphous regions, facilitating the establishment of a relationship between the mechanical strength and the microfibril structures. This work presented a direct measurement method for unraveling the complex hierarchical structures of polymer fibers, which held great potential for developing high-performance polymer fibers.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"33 9","pages":"1245 - 1255"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140592741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigating a hybrid approach for harvesting nanofibrillated cellulose from agricultural byproducts: sugarcane bagasse and pineapple crown leaves 研究从农副产品（甘蔗渣和菠萝冠叶）中提取纳米纤维素的混合方法

IF 2.4 3区化学

Iranian Polymer Journal Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01316-7

Anusiya Ganesan, Jaiganesh Rengarajan

{"title":"Investigating a hybrid approach for harvesting nanofibrillated cellulose from agricultural byproducts: sugarcane bagasse and pineapple crown leaves","authors":"Anusiya Ganesan, Jaiganesh Rengarajan","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01316-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01316-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and pineapple crown leaves (PCL) as low-cost waste biomass generated from the industries were subjected to chemo-mechanical modification to compare the morphology, charge, and thermal stability of native and modified biomass, accompanied by their cellulose-rich fractions. A novel aspect of this research lies in the versatility of the hybrid approach for sustainable production of cellulose polymers from an array of biomass sources. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the surface morphology and structure of the samples were examined. To give thorough insights into the material characteristics, other techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) were used. According to the findings, after being exposed to the hybrid treatment, the modified sample had a more ordered crystalline structure than the raw biomass (supported by the FTIR spectra), the XRD results indicated that the crystallinity index (CrI) raised with crystallite size. Although the cellulose-rich fraction extracted by the hybrid method showed better thermal stability, the overall thermal analysis revealed that biomass produced by the hybrid method had lower thermal stability than the raw biomass. The current work showed that combining ultrasonication with sulfuric acid hydrolysis is a successful hybrid method for separating cellulose nanofibers from the cellulosic plant fiber sources for reinforced composite products.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"33 8","pages":"1157 - 1170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140592742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Luffa and Kevlar fiber/nanoclay sustainable thermoset biocomposites: acoustic and tribo-mechanical study 丝瓜和凯夫拉纤维/纳米粘土可持续热固性生物复合材料：声学和三力学研究

IF 2.4 3区化学

Iranian Polymer Journal Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01306-9

Kumaresan Gladys Ashok, Alagesan Praveen Kumar, Munisamy Raju, Gurusamy Kasirajan

{"title":"Luffa and Kevlar fiber/nanoclay sustainable thermoset biocomposites: acoustic and tribo-mechanical study","authors":"Kumaresan Gladys Ashok, Alagesan Praveen Kumar, Munisamy Raju, Gurusamy Kasirajan","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01306-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01306-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Natural fiber composites often exhibit significant acoustic behavior in low-frequency range. The focus of this study is to create soundproof panels using luffa and Kevlar fiber composites reinforced using nanoclay (MMT) filler. Mechanical testing was performed on the prepared samples. The addition of 4% MMT improved the mechanical characteristics. Mechanical parameters such as interlaminar shear, tensile, flexural, and impact strength were enhanced by 9.13%, 16.89%, 9.71% and 51.64%, respectively, as compared to the control sample. Tribological experiments were performed on the manufactured composite samples in dry sliding conditions as a function of control factors such as sliding speed, sliding distance, and effective load. The results reveal that using 6% MMT to Kevlar/LCF epoxy composites greatly increases the COF and specific wear rate. The sound absorption test results indicated that the incorporation of nano MMT with Kevlar/LCF composites increased the sound transmission loss. The reduced hydrophilicity effect has been reported with the addition of 4% (by weight) MMT in contact angle measurement studies. Moreover, the created biocomposites are low-cost and long-lasting materials suitable for use as soundproofing panels in automobiles and railway cabins.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"33 8","pages":"1091 - 1109"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140592820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synthesis of Hydroxyl Terminated Fatty Ester Amide (DFEAm) from Dehydrated Castor Oil (DCO) and its Utilization in Various Polyurethane Coating Applications 从脱水蓖麻油 (DCO) 中合成羟基端基脂肪酸酯酰胺 (DFEAm) 及其在各种聚氨酯涂料中的应用

IF 2.4 3区化学

Iranian Polymer Journal Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01310-z

Debarati Maity, Akash B. Borkar, Aarti P. More, Anagha S. Sabnis

{"title":"Synthesis of Hydroxyl Terminated Fatty Ester Amide (DFEAm) from Dehydrated Castor Oil (DCO) and its Utilization in Various Polyurethane Coating Applications","authors":"Debarati Maity, Akash B. Borkar, Aarti P. More, Anagha S. Sabnis","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01310-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01310-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Vegetable oils have gained popularity now-a-days as renewable resources due to their accessibility, affordability, non-toxicity and biodegradability. Globally, scientists have been making efforts to lessen dependency on feed stocks derived from petroleum-based resources. Dehydrated castor oil (DCO) being bio-based, non-edible, quick-drying compared to castor oil, imparting flexibility and excellent color retention was used as the main source of raw material in this work. Present study aims at single-step synthesis of dehydrated castor oil fatty amide (DFAm) by reacting dehydrated castor oil (DCO) with diethanolamine (DEA) avoiding the methyl ester synthesis step. The product obtained was then purified and characterized chemically and analytically. Further, DFAm was modified successfully to its hydroxyl-terminated fatty ester amide (DFEAm) derivative using sebacic acid (SA) and tris-2-hydroxyethyl isocyanurate (THEIC). THEIC, being heterocyclic in nature and imparting excellent thermal and chemical resistance, makes it suitable and novel to be used in coating applications. DFEAm was then successfully cured with various isocyanate adducts on mild steel substrates. Commercially available hydroxyl-terminated short oil alkyd was selected for comparative study under simultaneous conditions. These polyurethane coatings were evaluated as per ASTM standards for their optical, mechanical, chemical, thermal and anti-corrosive properties. DFEAm PU coatings exhibited comparable mechanical and inferior chemical properties but superior thermal and anti-corrosion properties than that of the commercial PU coatings.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"33 9","pages":"1203 - 1214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140592837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of non-woven antistatic substrate materials on polyvinylidene fluoride electrospun nanofibers: fabrication, characterization, and performance evaluation 无纺抗静电基底材料对聚偏氟乙烯电纺纳米纤维的影响：制造、表征和性能评估

IF 2.4 3区化学

Iranian Polymer Journal Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01312-x

Venkata Dinesh Avvari, D. Kimmer, Santosh Kumar Sahu, Vasavi Boggarapu, Petr Slobodian, T. Pavan Rahul, Mahesh Gotte, P. S. Rama Sreekanth

{"title":"Influence of non-woven antistatic substrate materials on polyvinylidene fluoride electrospun nanofibers: fabrication, characterization, and performance evaluation","authors":"Venkata Dinesh Avvari, D. Kimmer, Santosh Kumar Sahu, Vasavi Boggarapu, Petr Slobodian, T. Pavan Rahul, Mahesh Gotte, P. S. Rama Sreekanth","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01312-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01312-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The production of nanofibers holds significant importance in both laboratory-based research and industrial applications. This study employed multiple spinnerets in the process of electrospinning to produce polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers, which exhibited a desirable characteristic of being both thin and uniform. The spinning performance of multiple jet electrospinning was done. In addition, an examination was conducted to assess the impact of antistatic non-woven support materials on the fiber morphology of PVDF electrospun nanofibers. The morphology and β-phase (beta phase) of the electrospun nanofibers were analyzed using characterization techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The findings of the study indicate that the selection of antistatic non-woven support material had a notable impact on fiber morphology. Upon the utilization of various suitable substrate materials, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) contributed to the successful formation of well-structured and consistent nanofibers with a lesser diameter of 173 ± 38 nm, 92.8% β-fraction and a surface area of 12.99 m<sup>2</sup>/g. The laminating temperature and density of the fiber decreased the porosity and air permeability by 50%. The excellent flux recovery of 400 L/(m<sup>2</sup> h) on the nanofibers laminated at 130 °C of pore size of 0.54 µm even after dried and stored for 48 h at room temperature. A finite-element analysis (FEA) was conducted on computer-aided design (CAD) fiber structure, and results showed that at low pressure of 0.01 N, a max of 130.29 MPa stress was generated on fibers.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"33 8","pages":"1111 - 1127"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140592738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhanced electromechanical actuation in acrylic elastomer foam using barium titanate and Ketjenblack dispersed interpenetrated polymer network 利用钛酸钡和 Ketjenblack 分散互穿聚合物网络增强丙烯酸弹性体泡沫中的机电致动功能

IF 2.4 3区化学

Iranian Polymer Journal Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01308-7

Dhananjay Sahu, Raj Kumar Sahu

{"title":"Enhanced electromechanical actuation in acrylic elastomer foam using barium titanate and Ketjenblack dispersed interpenetrated polymer network","authors":"Dhananjay Sahu, Raj Kumar Sahu","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01308-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01308-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>VHB 4910/05 polymeric foam tape manufactured by 3M conglomerate is widely acknowledged as a dielectric elastomer with exceptional electromechanical actuation performance than its counterparts. However, actuation in VHB elastomers is well-known to be enhanced by cross-linkers and plasticizers, the impacts of particulate fillers on their structure, properties, and performance are yet to be recognized. This work addresses the influences of barium titanate (BT) and Ketjenblack (KB) dispersed trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA) as fillers on the behavior of VHB 4910 elastomer for the planar actuators. The elastomer composites are prepared by swelling and then thermochemical curing of the samples in BT and KB dispersed TMPTMA. The incorporation of fillers in the elastomer matrix is confirmed by comparing optical micrographs, swelling degree, cross-link density, molecular bonds, optical bandgap, and opto-dielectric characteristics. Thus, the dielectric and mechanical behavior and electromechanical actuation performance of the filler-reinforced elastomer are discussed. Improved dielectric constant and specifically reduced elastic modulus are witnessed due to the gelation of TMPTMA leading to a new range of actuation in VHB 4910 elastomer. The areal actuation in elastomer comprising BT, KB and BT-KB particle dispersed TMPTMA is estimated at about 180%, 150% and 165%, respectively. The low electric field requirement is noticed for BT-containing elastomer composite. This work scopes the use of swelling techniques to modify microporous elastomers with particulate fillers towards soft actuators, sensors, and energy generators.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"33 8","pages":"1047 - 1064"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140592850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reactive extrusion foaming of poly(lactic acid): tailoring foam properties through controlling in-process chemical reactions 聚乳酸的反应性挤压发泡：通过控制加工过程中的化学反应定制泡沫特性

IF 2.4 3区化学

Iranian Polymer Journal Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01304-x

Maryam Valipour, Mahdi Rahmanifard, Navid Jaberi, Alireza Shadman, Mehdi Hatami, Hossein Ali Khonakdar, Farkhondeh Hemmati

{"title":"Reactive extrusion foaming of poly(lactic acid): tailoring foam properties through controlling in-process chemical reactions","authors":"Maryam Valipour, Mahdi Rahmanifard, Navid Jaberi, Alireza Shadman, Mehdi Hatami, Hossein Ali Khonakdar, Farkhondeh Hemmati","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01304-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01304-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A continuous extrusion foaming process was performed on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) in the presence of different chemical foaming agents (CFAs) and a chain extender additive using different extruder barrel and die temperature profiles. Chemical reactions, which are involved in the extrusion foaming process of PLA, are intensely investigated to control the reactive extrusion process and tailor the foam final properties. A set of experiments was designed using the response surface methodology to evaluate the effects of material and processing parameters and optimize the PLA foam property. The results showed that the maximum void fraction, i.e. 0.55, was obtained by exothermic CFA at higher extruder temperatures. In contrast to the exothermic CFA, the addition of endothermic CFAs did not result in lightweight biodegradable foams. The void fractions of these extruded foams were less than 0.05. The presence of water molecules as a by-product of the decomposition reaction and also relatively lower decomposition temperatures of the endothermic CFAs have been considered as the main reasons. Among the variables studied, the CFA type had the strongest impact on the foam properties. In the second step, the barrel and die temperatures were adjusted accordingly.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"33 8","pages":"1031 - 1046"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140592934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0