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About The Measurement Process in Quantum Mechanics 关于量子力学中的测量过程
IF 1.7 4区 物理与天体物理
International Journal of Theoretical Physics Pub Date : 2025-08-02 DOI: 10.1007/s10773-025-06091-6
Luciano Bracci, Luigi E. Picasso
{"title":"About The Measurement Process in Quantum Mechanics","authors":"Luciano Bracci,&nbsp;Luigi E. Picasso","doi":"10.1007/s10773-025-06091-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-025-06091-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A long standing conundrum for a quantum system interacting with a detector is how the quantum system evolves from a pure state to a mixture. The claim [5] that the nature (pure, mixture) of the quantum states are determined by the observables (instruments) actually available is exploited to show how the so-called wave function collapse actually consists in the collapse of the wave function of the detector. Indeed, both the quantum system and the detector should obey the laws of quantum mechanics and be described by a total wave function. What distinguishes a detector from a genuine quantum system is the nonexistence of observables that connect the different pointer states of the detector which, therefore, turns out to be the only \"legal\" states of the detector. The problem of the time evolution of the system interacting with the detector is discussed with a simple model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"64 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Novel Solitary Wave Solutions and Conservation Laws of the Stochastic Biswas–Milovic Equation 随机Biswas-Milovic方程的新颖孤波解和守恒律
IF 1.7 4区 物理与天体物理
International Journal of Theoretical Physics Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10773-025-06088-1
Khaled A. Gepreel, Reham M. A. Shohib, Mahmoud El-Horbaty, Mohamed E. M. Alngar, Yakup Yildirim
{"title":"Novel Solitary Wave Solutions and Conservation Laws of the Stochastic Biswas–Milovic Equation","authors":"Khaled A. Gepreel,&nbsp;Reham M. A. Shohib,&nbsp;Mahmoud El-Horbaty,&nbsp;Mohamed E. M. Alngar,&nbsp;Yakup Yildirim","doi":"10.1007/s10773-025-06088-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-025-06088-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents novel analytical solutions for the stochastic Biswas-Milovic equation (SBME) with dual-power law nonlinearity, a critical model for wave propagation in noisy nonlinear systems. For the first time, we derive bright, dark, and singular soliton solutions under multiplicative noise through detailed three-dimensional visualizations, showcasing their structural features and dynamic behaviors using an innovative hybrid approach combining the <span>(phi ^{6}-)</span> model expansion and extended simplest equation methods. We develop a rigorous mathematical framework to derive these solutions. Moreover, novel conservation laws associated with the SBME are derived, highlighting the conservative properties and their significance in broader scientific and engineering applications. These findings contribute new insights into the study of stochastic nonlinear systems and expand the scope of soliton theory. The SBME is crucial for numerous engineering applications, particularly in systems characterized by randomness, such as diffusion and Brownian motion. The influence of multiplicative noise on soliton propagation is analyzed, revealing conditions under which these solitons persist despite stochastic perturbations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"64 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Quantum Tsallis Entropy with Localization Characteristics 具有局域化特征的量子Tsallis熵
IF 1.7 4区 物理与天体物理
International Journal of Theoretical Physics Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10773-025-06070-x
Qi Han, Shuai Wang, Lijie Gou, Rong Zhang
{"title":"Quantum Tsallis Entropy with Localization Characteristics","authors":"Qi Han,&nbsp;Shuai Wang,&nbsp;Lijie Gou,&nbsp;Rong Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10773-025-06070-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-025-06070-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper introduces a new of quantum Tsallis entropy with localized characteristics. Specifically, we define and characterize a localized quantum Tsallis entropy using the local density operator constructed based on Local Quantum Bernoulli Noises (LQBNs). We also present some important properties of this entropy, including non-negativity, upper bound, unitarity invariance, and concavity. Notably, we find that local quantum Tsallis entropy does not satisfy additivity in general cases. However, under specific parameter conditions, namely when <span>(q&gt;1)</span>, it exhibits the property of subadditivity. The local quantum Tsallis entropy introduced in this paper not only enriches the theoretical framework of quantum entropy but also provides a powerful tool for describing the complexity of quantum states and understanding information transmission and distribution within quantum systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"64 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nonlinear Spectra of Integrable Turbulence in a Periodic Box 周期盒中可积湍流的非线性谱
IF 1.7 4区 物理与天体物理
International Journal of Theoretical Physics Pub Date : 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.1007/s10773-025-06079-2
Zhi-Yuan Sun, Xin Yu, Yu-Jie Feng
{"title":"Nonlinear Spectra of Integrable Turbulence in a Periodic Box","authors":"Zhi-Yuan Sun,&nbsp;Xin Yu,&nbsp;Yu-Jie Feng","doi":"10.1007/s10773-025-06079-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-025-06079-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Investigated in this paper are the nonlinear spectra of integrable turbulence with periodic boundary conditions. The model is the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation with partially coherent waves as the initial conditions. For our parameters, the spectra are found dominated by the pointlike spectral bands representing solitons, while the small-amplitude finite bands across and near the real axis of the complex plane seem to be minors. Statistical distribution of the main spectral eigenvalues of those pointlike bands is studied for different correlation lengths of the initial waves. It is observed that for both the small and large correlation lengths the real parts of the eigenvalues follow a Gaussian distribution with zero mean and width almost inversely proportional to the correlation length, while the imaginary parts are Rayleigh-distributed with some fixed parameter for enough large correlation length, but deviate from this distribution for small correlation length. Our results may facilitate a spectral understanding of the random waves in nonlinear integrable systems with the setting of periodic boundaries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"64 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145171901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A novel investigation of the extended (3+1)-dimensional B-type Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation: analysis and simulations 扩展（3+1）维b型Kadomtsev-Petviashvili方程的新研究：分析与模拟
IF 1.7 4区 物理与天体物理
International Journal of Theoretical Physics Pub Date : 2025-07-30 DOI: 10.1007/s10773-025-06081-8
Huda Alsaud, Muhammad Naveed Rafiq, Muhammad Hamza Rafiq
{"title":"A novel investigation of the extended (3+1)-dimensional B-type Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation: analysis and simulations","authors":"Huda Alsaud,&nbsp;Muhammad Naveed Rafiq,&nbsp;Muhammad Hamza Rafiq","doi":"10.1007/s10773-025-06081-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-025-06081-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explores the extended (3+1)-dimensional B-type Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation, which has numerous applications in plasma physics and nonlinear optics. First, by employing the Hirota bilinear method, we construct the resonant solitons, such as resonant <i>X</i> and <span>(Y-)</span>type solitons and hybrid solutions. Second, we generate the lump-periodic solution and lump-stripe soliton solution via ansatz wave function method. To extend this, we extract the nonlinear localized waves, such as two strip-solitons and periodic breather solutions, from the two-soliton wave. These include two cross-strip solitons, two parallel-strip solitons, <span>(x)</span>-periodic breather and <span>((x,y))</span>-periodic breather solutions. For the validity of obtained solutions, we present them through 3D, contour and density plots using suitable freely chosen parameters, which highlight their complex structure and dynamics. At the end, we conduct stability analysis to provide a general criteria for stable and unstable steady-state solution. Our results are new and have not been previously reported for governing equation. This equation has not been extensively studied, presenting a notable research gap and the potential to significantly advance the broader understanding of nonlinear wave equations arising in surface water waves, plasma physics and nonlinear optics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"64 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145171745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Emergence of the Wavefunction of a Non-relativistic Quantum Particle from QFT 非相对论性量子粒子的波函数在QFT中的出现
IF 1.7 4区 物理与天体物理
International Journal of Theoretical Physics Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1007/s10773-025-06045-y
Mani L. Bhaumik
{"title":"Emergence of the Wavefunction of a Non-relativistic Quantum Particle from QFT","authors":"Mani L. Bhaumik","doi":"10.1007/s10773-025-06045-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-025-06045-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The enormous success of the Standard Model of particle physics has clearly established quantum fields as the fundamental elements of reality of the universe unveiled to us so far. Here we present for the first time a thorough derivation of the wavefunction of a nonrelativistic quantum state directly as a physically real matrix element in the quantum field theory. Consequently, the debate about whether the wavefunction is real or epistemic can now be reasonably put to rest and nonrelativistic quantum mechanics can well be on its way as a genuine theory. This significant development in our understanding of quantum mechanics has lasting theoretical and practical implications for quantum information, computing, cryptography, and relevant technology as establishing the reality of the wavefunction immediately establishes the reality of qubits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"64 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10773-025-06045-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145171436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optimal Control Targeting Maximally Entangled States 基于最大纠缠态的最优控制
IF 1.7 4区 物理与天体物理
International Journal of Theoretical Physics Pub Date : 2025-07-26 DOI: 10.1007/s10773-025-06084-5
Yitian Wang
{"title":"Optimal Control Targeting Maximally Entangled States","authors":"Yitian Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10773-025-06084-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-025-06084-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states are crucial resources for numerous quantum information processing protocols. We introduce a novel target functional encompassing the entire set of <i>n</i>-qubit GHZ states. We demonstrate its utility by optimizing control fields within a spin chain model to generate arbitrary <i>n</i>-qubit GHZ states across a broad range of evolution times T. While the minimum infidelity for generating specific GHZ states shows temporal oscillations, our arbitrary GHZ state target functional enables the identification of control parameters that yield optimal infidelity across these time variations. The versatility of our target functional proves particularly advantageous when control over the system is limited, as it circumvents the necessity of selecting a specific target GHZ state for optimization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"64 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
General Unitary Transformations in Quantum Mechanics 量子力学中的一般酉变换
IF 1.7 4区 物理与天体物理
International Journal of Theoretical Physics Pub Date : 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1007/s10773-025-06080-9
Hsiang Shun Chou
{"title":"General Unitary Transformations in Quantum Mechanics","authors":"Hsiang Shun Chou","doi":"10.1007/s10773-025-06080-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-025-06080-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Unitary transformations are a cornerstone of quantum mechanics. The special unitary transformations which depend on <span>(hat{x})</span> and <i>t</i> have been established from the perspective of the equivalent Lagrangian transformations. The general unitary transformations which depend on <span>(hat{x})</span>, <span>(hat{p}_{x})</span> and <i>t</i>, however, are not associated with a change of Lagrangian. In this paper, we elucidate how to construct the unitary transformations from the perspective of the canonical transformations. In particular, we demonstrate that the general unitary transformations are induced by an infinite succession of infinitesimal canonical transformations. The generators of the general unitary transformations coincide with those of the infinitesimal canonical transformations. Thus we verify, from the perspective of the canonical transformations, the form invariance of the Schrödinger equation under the general unitary transformations. We conclude that the form invariance of the Hamilton’s equations under an infinite succession of infinitesimal canonical transformations ensures, after the canonical quantization, the form invariance of the Schrödinger equation under the general unitary transformations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"64 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A (3+1)-dimensional B-type Kadomstev-Petviashvili-Boussinesq Equation: Symmetry Reductions; Group Invariant Solutions; Travelling Wave Solutions; Conservation Laws A（3+1）维b型Kadomstev-Petviashvili-Boussinesq方程：对称约简群不变解；行波解；守恒定律
IF 1.7 4区 物理与天体物理
International Journal of Theoretical Physics Pub Date : 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1007/s10773-025-06076-5
M. Mafora, A. R. Adem, B. Muatjetjeja
{"title":"A (3+1)-dimensional B-type Kadomstev-Petviashvili-Boussinesq Equation: Symmetry Reductions; Group Invariant Solutions; Travelling Wave Solutions; Conservation Laws","authors":"M. Mafora,&nbsp;A. R. Adem,&nbsp;B. Muatjetjeja","doi":"10.1007/s10773-025-06076-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-025-06076-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article investigates the (3+1)-dimensional BKP-Boussinesq equation which clarifies the propagation of gravity waves on the water surface, especially the frontal collision of oblique wave profiles. As far as we know, this is the first instance where Lie point symmetry analysis, combined with the ansatz method, has been used for this particular equation. It is important to mention that the methods used in this paper produce a distinct set of solutions that differ from the recently reported ones. Furthermore we include the 3D, 2D and density plot as a graphical representation of the constructed exact solution. Lastly, conserved vectors with the help of multiplier method are obtained also for the first time on this underlying equation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"64 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10773-025-06076-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Remarks on Orthogonality Spaces 关于正交空间的注解
IF 1.7 4区 物理与天体物理
International Journal of Theoretical Physics Pub Date : 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1007/s10773-025-06062-x
John Harding, Remi Salinas Schmeis
{"title":"Remarks on Orthogonality Spaces","authors":"John Harding,&nbsp;Remi Salinas Schmeis","doi":"10.1007/s10773-025-06062-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-025-06062-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We provide two results. The first gives a finite graph constructed from consideration of mutually unbiased bases that occurs as a subgraph of the orthogonality space of <span>(mathbb {C}^3)</span> but not of that of <span>(mathbb {R}^3)</span>. The second is a companion result to the result of Tao and Tserunyan [9] that every countable graph occurs as an induced subgraph of the orthogonality space of a Hilbert space. We show that every finite graph occurs as an induced subgraph of the orthogonality space of a finite orthomodular lattice and that every graph occurs as an induced subgraph of the orthogonality space of some atomic orthomodular lattice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"64 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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