International Journal of Biometeorology最新文献

{"title":"Short-term hot spring balneotherapy ameliorates sleep disorders: wrist-worn wearable-assessed sleep improvement associated with neuroimmune, tryptophan metabolic and gut microbiome alterations","authors":"Xiao Zhang,&nbsp;Yue Zou,&nbsp;Xiao-qin He,&nbsp;Yi-hang Xu,&nbsp;Hong-xia Li,&nbsp;Fen Yang,&nbsp;Bao-chao Zhang,&nbsp;Lin-xuan Liao,&nbsp;Meng-xi Cao,&nbsp;Rui-xue Wang,&nbsp;Si-fan Hao,&nbsp;Meng-meng Wang,&nbsp;Jing Zhang,&nbsp;Xiao-fang Pei","doi":"10.1007/s00484-026-03273-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00484-026-03273-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Balneotherapy is a potential complementary approach for sleep problems, but its short-term sleep effects and accompanying biological changes remain unclear. We conducted a prospective single-arm, self-controlled pilot study of 30 adults with sleep disorders, who completed a 10-day residential hot spring balneotherapy program (twice daily at 09:00 and 20:00, 30 min per session, 40–42 °C) at Tianhe Hot Spring, Sichuan Province, residing on-site and receiving identical meals throughout the intervention. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and wrist-worn wearable tracking. Serum neurotransmitters, inflammatory cytokines and tryptophan-kynurenine metabolites were assayed, while 16 S rRNA-based gut microbiota profiles were profiled pre- and post-intervention. Post-intervention, PSQI scores decreased, while wearable metrics indicated longer total and nocturnal sleep duration, elevated deep-sleep duration and proportion, better sleep continuity, and a lower rapid eye movement (REM) percentage (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Blood pressure, anxiety/depression scores, and wearable-derived sleep-stress indices also improved. Biomarker profiling revealed elevated GABA, 5-HT, 5-HIAA, BDNF, and IL-10, alongside reduced IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Trp metabolism shifted, characterized by decreased Trp and increased 3-HAA and PA (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Structurally, the gut microbiota exhibited an increased abundance of <i>Blautia_A</i> (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), with LEfSe analysis identifying post-intervention enrichment of <i>Turicibacter</i> and pre-intervention predominance of <i>Agathobacter</i>. Cross-system network analysis further established 5-HT, IL-6, and IL-10 as the core candidate biomarker profile directly correlating with these multi-domain sleep improvements. Overall, short-term residential hot spring balneotherapy may improve subjective and wearable-derived sleep outcomes, accompanied by coordinated cardiovascular, stress-related, neuroimmune, tryptophan-metabolic, and gut microbiome changes, supporting a multi-system physiological basis for balneotherapy-related sleep improvement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":"70 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148434712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate and bioclimatic conditions of Kolguev Island (Barents Sea)","authors":"Vera Vinogradova","doi":"10.1007/s00484-026-03266-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00484-026-03266-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study assesses climatic and bioclimatic variability on Kolguev Island (Barents Sea) using meteorological observations from the Kolguev Severny station for 1941–2024 and expedition measurements conducted in June–July 2023 and 2025. Trends in air temperature, precipitation, frost-free and growing seasons were analyzed, while bioclimatic conditions were evaluated using the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). A statistically significant increase in air temperature was identified in all seasons, with a pronounced intensification after 2000. Mean annual temperature increased by 0.27 °C per decade during 1941–2024 and by 0.89 °C per decade during 2000–2024. The spring transition of air temperature across 0 °C shifted to earlier dates, while the autumn transition shifted later, resulting in an increase in the frost-free period from 146 days (1961–1990) to 157 days in the 1991–2020. The duration of the growing season increased by about one month, and the sum of positive temperatures rose by 117 °C. During the second decade of the 21st century, a tendency toward decreasing moisture availability on the island has also been observed. Bioclimatic conditions on Kolguev Island are dominated by cold stress of varying intensity according to the UTCI classification, ranging from extreme to slight cold stress. The frequency of extreme cold stress decreased from 18% of days in the 1970s to 9% in the 2010s, while the proportion of days without thermal stress in summer increased from 4% to 7%. Expedition observations showed prevailing strong and moderate cold stress conditions, although rapid changes from very strong to moderate cold stress may occur within hours due to weakening winds. The observed climatic changes contribute to Arctic “greening,” increasing vegetation productivity and potentially affecting tundra ecosystems, reindeer herding, and biodiversity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":"70 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148409869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scorpion sting stratification in Iran: A systematic review of epidemiological patterns, determinants, and climate change impacts","authors":"Hassan Nasirian","doi":"10.1007/s00484-026-03269-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00484-026-03269-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This systematic review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the epidemiology of scorpion sting stratification across Iran’s geography, a critical public health concern in its arid and semi-arid regions. Conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines, the review analyzes the spatial and temporal patterns of envenomations, identifies key ecological, climatic, and anthropogenic determinants, and evaluates the growing evidence for climate change as a driver of increased risk. The study confirms hyperendemic levels of scorpion stings in the southwestern and western provinces, with species from the genera <i>Hemiscorpius</i> and <i>Androctonus</i> presenting the most severe medical threat. A meta-analysis of national data yields a pooled incidence rate of 92.7 per 100,000 population per year (95% CI: 68.4–117.0), with extreme heterogeneity (I² = 98.9%) reflecting stark regional disparities. The primary determinants of scorpion distribution and human-scorpion conflicts include climatic variables (temperature, precipitation, and humidity), land-use practices, unplanned urbanization, and occupational exposure. Recent evidence from species distribution modeling strongly suggests that climate change is expanding suitable habitats for scorpions, prolonging their active seasons, and increasing human-scorpion conflicts. This review highlights the critical need for improved surveillance, predictive spatial risk models, and climate-adaptive public health strategies to address this growing threat.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":"70 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148417677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal sunlight in the second trimester predicts timing of menarche in Polish women born between 1985 and 1991","authors":"Monika Krzyżanowska,&nbsp;Katarzyna Kliś-Kossobudzka,&nbsp;Wioleta Umławska","doi":"10.1007/s00484-026-03268-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00484-026-03268-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Season of birth has long been associated with variation in the timing of sexual maturation. However, the specific prenatal environmental mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. We aimed to examine the association between prenatal maternal sunshine exposure and age at menarche, accounting for season of birth and relevant biological and socioeconomic factors. The study included 1,635 Polish female university students aged 19–25 years. Age at menarche was retrospectively reported. Prenatal sunshine exposure was estimated using national meteorological data on average monthly sunshine duration in Poland and calculated separately for each trimester of pregnancy. Generalized linear models assessed associations between trimester-specific sunshine exposure, season of birth, and age at menarche, with progressive adjustment for birthweight, parental education, urbanization level, number of siblings, and birth order. Sequential multiple regression analyses evaluated independent trimester effects. The mean age at menarche was 12.70 ± 1.17 years. In unadjusted analyses, summer and autumn birth were associated with earlier menarche; however, these associations were fully attenuated after adjusting for prenatal sunshine exposure. Higher maternal sunshine exposure during the second trimester was consistently and robustly associated with earlier menarche across all models (e.g. for the final model β=-0.145, 95% CI -0.21, -0.08; adj. R² = 0.256). Prenatal maternal sunshine exposure, particularly during the second trimester of pregnancy, is a significant predictor of age at menarche independent of season of birth. These findings strongly support the role of gestational sunlight exposure - likely reflecting maternal vitamin D status - in the developmental programming of female pubertal timing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":"70 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00484-026-03268-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148403247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of a conductive component of heat transfer in selected insulation systems: an experimental study","authors":"Aleksandra Skowronek,&nbsp;Michał Pluta,&nbsp;Tomasz Darocha,&nbsp;Tomasz Sanak,&nbsp;Paweł Podsiadło","doi":"10.1007/s00484-026-03265-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00484-026-03265-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Post-traumatic hypothermia increases morbidity and mortality. Preventing heat loss plays an important role in improving outcomes of trauma patients. The purpose of the study was to compare selected thermal insulation systems regarding heat loss by conduction. An experimental study was conducted. We simulated the scenario mimicking a patient lying on a cold surface. A copper manikin of a human torso was placed on a cold water mattress. The manikin temperature was recorded every 1 min for 2 h. Tested insulation systems (Ultrathin reflective foil, LESS, HPMK, Blizzard, Mediwrap, Ferno) were placed consecutively between the manikin and the mattress. Values of heat balance associated with each insulating system as well as with a reference model without insulation were compared. A total of 21 measurements were included in analysis. Heat balance differed significantly between the analyzed systems (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The highest heat loss was observed for the ultrathin reflective foil (Q= -1994.16 kJ; SD ± 97.8), and the lowest for the Ferno system (Q= -527.48 kJ; SD ± 56.7). The value of heat loss correlated with the thickness of the insulation system (<i>r</i> = 0.72) without statistical significance. A single layer of ultrathin metalized foil does not reduce significantly the heat loss by conduction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":"70 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00484-026-03265-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148395611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homeothermy, microclimate and heat tolerance: Evolutionary origins, mechanisms and survival","authors":"Frank E. Marino","doi":"10.1007/s00484-026-03272-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00484-026-03272-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Why mammals defend species-specific body temperatures, often across a range extending from the low 30s to around 40 °C, remains a central question in comparative physiology. In this Commentary, it is suggested that mammalian heat tolerance is best understood not through single environmental thresholds or global mean temperature, but through the interaction of microclimate, heat-balance physics, effector coordination and cardiovascular constraint. Using humans as one focal example within a broader comparative framework, it distinguishes endothermy from homeothermy and then consideration as to how different mammalian lineages solve the problem of heat balance through differing combinations of evaporative cooling, behavioural refuge, water conservation, heterothermy and tolerance of transient body temperature elevation. The discussion then addresses mechanistic pathways of heat exchange, emphasising the importance of radiation, airflow and evaporative opportunity within the immediate microclimate, and present a microclimate-linked Arrhenius/Q₁₀ postulate for why a defended body temperature in the high 30 °C range is biologically plausible for some mammalian lineages. The central argument is that humans are not thermoregulatory outliers, but one endothermic solution to environmental heat load, and that the question of future survivability depends on whether specific microclimates remain compensable as radiation, humidity, airflow, metabolic demand, and water availability interact.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":"70 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00484-026-03272-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148395513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term forecasts and long-term regional scenarios of climate change effects on Swedish forest phenology","authors":"Ola Langvall,&nbsp;Gustav Strandberg","doi":"10.1007/s00484-026-03259-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00484-026-03259-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Comprehensive forest phenology data from the Swedish National Phenology Network has been used to produce forecast models of the seasonal phenology on tree species, wild berries and insects, which are made available to the public. One model forecasts the onset, maximum appearance and ending of the budburst and leaf/shoot elongation of the most common tree species in Sweden; Silver birch (<i>Betula pendula</i> Roth), Downy birch (<i>B. pubescens</i> Ehrh.), Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i> [L.] H. Karst.) and Scots pine (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i> L.). Furthermore, a model for the onset, maximum appearance and ending of flowering and ripening of the most common wild berries in Sweden; Cowberry (<i>Vaccinium vitis-idaea</i> L.) and Bilberry (<i>V. myrtillus</i> L.), and a model for the timing of the swarming of the European spruce bark beetle (<i>Ips typographus</i> Linnaeus, 1758) for the mother generation and, more interestingly, for the coming generations during the same season, are also available. Daily air temperature data from the sites where phenology observations has been undertaken, is used to produce critical accumulated temperatures for when target phenological phases appear. Current year’s weather data, for estimation of the current status, and long-term averages, for predicting the near future, are used to produce seasonal forecasts predicting the timing of e.g. budburst, berry ripening and swarming of first-generation offspring that may establish a second generation of beetles. The assigned critical accumulated air temperatures for phenological phases to appear in the forecast models have also been applied on scenario temperature data, to explore possible long-term effects of climate change in the Swedish forests. The scenarios predict broadleaf trees to have a 9–41 days earlier start of the season in the period 2070–2099, compared to the reference period 1970–1999, depending on the applied scenarios (average of all sites and species, shortest for RCP2.6 and longest for RCP8.5). A general pattern is that the spruce bark beetle may be able to produce two new generations on one season at the end of the century, in the south this can be the new normal, in the north only occasionally and only under the strongest climate change scenario (RCP8.5). Northern Sweden and local continental areas are expected to experience the least change, compared to southern Sweden and, especially, the maritime west coast area, at least for some of the tested traits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":"70 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00484-026-03259-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148389626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forecasting fractures: Weather-associated variability in hip fracture and isolated distal radius fracture incidence","authors":"Harlene Kaur,&nbsp;Emma Proffitt,&nbsp;Samuel W. Rice,&nbsp;Michael G. Flood,&nbsp;Scott Pascal","doi":"10.1007/s00484-026-03270-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00484-026-03270-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Low-energy hip fractures (HFs) and distal radius fractures (DRFs) are common orthopedic injuries. Although winter increases same-level, low-energy fall rates, the role of specific weather variables, and whether these effects differ by age or fracture type, remains unclear.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>To evaluate weekly association between weather conditions and HF and DRF incidence over eight-years using age-stratified statistical models.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Retrospective review of 1882 HF and 444 DRF patients presenting to a single Level 1 trauma center from January 2017-March 2025. Daily local weather data were merged with injury dates and aggregated into weekly counts. Separate negative binomial regression models were run by fracture type and age group to evaluate associations between weekly mean temperature, relative humidity, rainy days, snow days, and near-freezing days and fracture incidence.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Weather-fracture relationships varied by age and fracture type. For HFs, rain days correlated with higher incidence in older and geriatric adults, while snow days were strongest in younger adults. For DRFs, rain and snow days increased incidence in both age groups, especially &lt; 65 years. Higher relative humidity was protective in the oldest DRF cohort. Temperature showed a weak association with increased DRF incidence in younger adults and decreased HF incidence in younger adults.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Specific meteorologic conditions, not just seasons, were meaningfully associated with fracture incidence, with effects differing by age and fracture type. Age-stratified weather models may improve orthopedic preparedness, resource allocation, and fall-prevention strategies. As climate change increases precipitation variability and freeze-thaw cycles, weather-fracture associations become important for planning and prevention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":"70 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148389643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of lycopene supplementation on oxidative balance, heat-shock proteins, and lipid profile in heat-stressed goat kids","authors":"Atul Kumar Verma,&nbsp;Gulab Chandra,&nbsp;Rakesh Kumar Singh,&nbsp;Devesh Kumar Yadav,&nbsp;Prem Sagar Maurya,&nbsp;Ahmad Fahim,&nbsp;Debashis Roy,&nbsp;Pratibha Singh,&nbsp;Priyanka Rani,&nbsp;Mala Singh","doi":"10.1007/s00484-026-03264-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00484-026-03264-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study was conducted to assess the effects of lycopene (LP) supplementation on antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation, heat-shock proteins, and lipid profile in heat-stressed goat kids. Twenty-one healthy growing Barbari goat kids (4–8 months old) with an average body weight of 9.87 ± 1.09 kg were randomly allocated into three experimental groups, comprising seven animals per group. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity increased linearly (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.023) with increasing dietary LP levels. Conversely, concentrations of myeloperoxidase, reactive oxygen species modulator-1, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances declined linearly (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) as LP inclusion in the diet increased. Dietary LP supplementation significantly decreased (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) heat shock protein 70, heat shock protein 90, and cortisol concentrations, with the lowest values observed at 100 mg LP/kg DM. Total cholesterol levels were not affected by LP supplementation. However, dietary LP reduced (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, with the most pronounced effect at 100 mg LP/kg DM. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were significantly increased (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) by LP supplementation, showing the greatest response at 100 mg LP/kg DM. Overall, supplementation of LP at 50 or 100 mg/kg DM improved antioxidant status and modulated the lipid profile by reducing oxidative stress markers, with the highest beneficial response observed at 100 mg LP/kg DM.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":"70 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148387219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remote sensing-based evapotranspiration and soil water balance estimation for a tropical pasture in Brazil using the SETMI model","authors":"Vitor de J. M. Bianchini,&nbsp;Ivo Z. Gonçalves,&nbsp;Christopher M. U. Neale,&nbsp;Alex da S. Sechi,&nbsp;Thieres G. F. da Silva,&nbsp;Fábio R. Marin","doi":"10.1007/s00484-026-03255-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00484-026-03255-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Developing strategies to improve pasture yield and mitigate environmental impacts is crucial in Southeastern Brazil, where livestock farming faces competition for areas with profitable crops. Accurate evapotranspiration (ET) estimation is an essential component of managing soil water balance and evaluating pasture response to drought and water productivity. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a relationship between the basal crop coefficient (K_cb) derived from observed ET, and the soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) from PlanetScope images; (2) integrate the K_cb-SAVI relationship into remote sensing-based soil water balance (RSWB) to generate daily K_cb and then simulate the actual evapotranspiration (ET_a) of an intensively grazed tropical pasture in the state of São Paulo, Brazil; and (3) use the spatialized estimate of ET_a to assess the crop water productivity (<span>({text{W}text{P}}_{{text{E}text{T}}_{text{a} text{m}text{o}text{d}}})</span>). The K_cb-SAVI relationship developed in this study showed a strong positive correlation between SAVI and K_cb, with Pearson correlation coefficient (<span>(rho)</span>) and <span>({text{R}}^{2})</span> values of 0.89 and 0.79, respectively. Comparisons between observed and simulated ET_a indicated good agreement for daily values (<span>(text{R}text{M}text{S}text{E})</span> of 0.59 mm d⁻¹, Willmott index of agreement (<span>(text{D})</span>) of 0.86) and for average weekly values (<span>(text{R}text{M}text{S}text{E})</span> of 0.38 mm d⁻¹, <span>(text{D})</span> of 0.93). Biases of -5% and 3% were obtained for modelled cumulative ET_a in the years 2021–2022 and 2022–2023, respectively. The average <span>({text{W}text{P}}_{{text{E}text{T}}_{text{a} text{m}text{o}text{d}}})</span> values were similar for both years, 2.2 kg m⁻³ in 2021–2022 and 1.8 kg m⁻³ in 2022–2023. These findings demonstrate the potential of RSWB, ET_a, and WP assessments to enhance decision-making, monitoring, and management of water resources in pasture-based livestock farming.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":"70 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00484-026-03255-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148349906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}