International Journal of Biometeorology最新文献

{"title":"Woody plant encroachment alters the vegetative and reproductive phenology of a Vereda palm swamp in Cerrado","authors":"Nathan Felipe Alves,&nbsp;João Paulo Costa,&nbsp;Patricia Morellato,&nbsp;Paulo Eugênio Oliveira","doi":"10.1007/s00484-026-03256-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00484-026-03256-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Woody plant encroachment (WPE) is widespread in savanna and wetland ecosystems, yet its effects on phenological dynamics at fine spatial scales remain poorly quantified. Here, we assessed how woody plant encroachment alters vegetative and reproductive phenology in a <i>Vereda</i> palm swamp ecosystem of the Brazilian Cerrado by integrating high-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle (RPAS; Remotely Piloted Aircraft System) imagery with ground-based phenological monitoring. Ten regions of interest representing WPE and non-invaded native <i>Vereda</i> vegetation were monitored monthly for twelve consecutive months using drone imagery, with 1 × 1 m sampling grids (≈ 260 m² per region). Vegetation greenness was quantified from monthly orthomosaics using the Green Chromatic Coordinate (GCC) and analyzed with linear mixed-effects models including vegetation type, time, and their interaction. Flowering phenology was monitored biweekly from January to December 2023 in transects located in the middle region of the same <i>Vereda</i> area. Three WPE plant species and the native <i>Vereda</i> community occurring in the same area were analyzed using circular statistics and permutation tests. Woody plant encroachment areas exhibited significantly higher GCC values than native <i>Vereda</i> vegetation, indicating greater and more persistent greenness throughout the year. A significant vegetation type × time interaction revealed distinct phenological trajectories, with WPE areas maintaining elevated greenness during dry–wet seasonal transitions and possibly resulting in greater evapotranspiration and water use during the end of the dry season. Flowering phenology of WPE species was highly synchronized (mean angle = 3.45 rad; <i>r</i> = 0.65), whereas native <i>Vereda</i> species showed a more diffuse flowering pattern (mean angle = 1.99 rad; <i>r</i> = 0.27). Although a temporal flowering peak shift of approximately three months was observed between groups, this difference was not statistically significant. Overall, woody plant encroachment substantially modifies vegetative phenological dynamics and tends to homogenize flowering timing in <i>Vereda</i> ecosystems, highlighting the value of integrating RPAS-based monitoring and field observations to detect functional changes in Cerrado wetlands.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":"70 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00484-026-03256-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148349974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traffic-related air pollution modifies Betula pendula pollen morphology, FT-IR-derived amide I/II ratio, and Bet v 1 allergen levels along a pollution gradient in Türkiye","authors":"Aydan Acar Şahin,&nbsp;Ece Özge Yilmaz","doi":"10.1007/s00484-026-03262-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00484-026-03262-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Traffic-related air pollution is increasingly recognized as a modifier of pollen physicochemical properties and allergenic potential, yet field-based mechanistic evidence remains limited. This study investigated the effects of traffic-related pollution on the morphology, chemical composition, and Bet v 1 allergen content of <i>Betula pendula</i> pollen using a multi-method approach. Pollen samples were collected from 16 <i>B. pendula</i> trees across Ankara, Bingöl, and Tunceli during April 2025 along a traffic-exposure gradient, with air-quality data spanning 1 June 2024-31 May 2025, and sampling sites linked to Türkiye’s national air-quality monitoring network (PM₁₀, PM₂.₅, NO₂, NOₓ, SO₂, CO). Pollen was analysed using light microscopy, SEM, FT-IR ATR spectroscopy, and ELISA. Polluted sites (<i>n</i> = 13) showed morphological and biochemical differences compared with clean reference sites (<i>n</i> = 3): pollen exhibited significantly increased exine wall thickness and equatorial dimensions, alongside greater particle deposition near apertures; polar axis showed weaker group-level differences. FT-IR analysis revealed altered protein-related spectral profiles, including an increased Amide I/Amide II area ratio and reduced O–H band areas, consistent with modifications in protein secondary structure. Bet v 1 concentrations did not differ significantly between polluted (95.7 ± 23.8 µg/g) and clean (85.5 ± 24.6 µg/g) samples; given the small reference group (<i>n</i> = 3), this comparison is interpreted as non-directional. These findings provide field-based evidence that traffic-related pollution is associated with modifications in the structural and biochemical characteristics of <i>B. pendula</i> pollen in ways consistent with enhanced allergenic potential, underscoring the need to incorporate air-quality effects into aeroallergen risk assessment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":"70 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148349923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alterations in antioxidant minerals and oxidative stress biomarkers with altitude among young Indian males","authors":"Sneha Chopra,&nbsp;Vishwendra Vikram Singh,&nbsp;Vijay Kumar Singh,&nbsp;Saroj Kumar Verma,&nbsp;Shiva Saxena,&nbsp;Vandana Kirar,&nbsp;Pulkit Mathur,&nbsp;Som Nath Singh","doi":"10.1007/s00484-026-03257-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00484-026-03257-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chronic exposure to hypoxia occurs in lowland populations, including soldiers, adventurers, tourists, and porters, during their ascent to high altitude. Hypobaric hypoxia induces oxidative stress and impairs the metabolism of micro minerals, including selenium, zinc, iron, and copper. The role of metalloproteins and their associated microminerals in preventing oxidative stress at different altitudes is incompletely understood. In this study, plasma samples were collected from lowlanders at sea level (SL), moderate altitude (A1-1585 m, A2-2290 m), and high altitude (A3-3500 m). Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to quantify selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) levels. Antioxidant metalloproteins, including Copper-Zinc Superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Metallothionein (MT), Selenoprotein 1 (SEPP1), were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Lipid peroxidation was assessed through malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydroperoxides through ferrous oxidation xylenol orange; FOX1 assay. We found that Se, Zn, Cu, and Fe levels were higher (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) at A2 compared to SL and lower (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) at A3 compared to A2. MT levels were higher (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) at A1 and A3 compared to SL. SEPP1 levels were higher (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) at A3 compared to SL, A1, and A2. Cu-Zn SOD levels were higher at A3 (<i>p</i> = 0.006). GPx levels remained consistent across all altitudes. MDA levels were significantly elevated (<i>p</i> = 0.013) at A3 compared to SL, while the FOX assay showed increased hydroperoxide levels (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) at A2 and A3 as compared to SL. Our findings demonstrate that hypoxia leads to variations in micromineral levels at different altitudes, accompanied by elevated oxidative stress and dysregulated antioxidant metalloproteins potentially reflecting adaptive responses to oxidative stress at high altitude.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":"70 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148350187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasting vegetation height and elevation shape near-surface thermal responses more strongly than slope orientation during summer in northern Patagonia","authors":"Jonas Fierke,&nbsp;Juan Haridas Gowda,&nbsp;Gastón Mauro Díaz,&nbsp;Philipp Koal,&nbsp;Helge Walentowski,&nbsp;Martin Kappas,&nbsp;Birgitta Putzenlechner","doi":"10.1007/s00484-026-03254-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00484-026-03254-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Forests in temperate mountain regions are increasingly exposed to extreme heat. Near-surface microclimates, shaped by vegetation and topography, influence forest regeneration, fuel dynamics, and disturbance feedbacks. We examined how daily warming rates, maximum temperatures, and cooling rates differ between microsites contrasting in vegetation height, elevation, and slope orientation during summer, and whether these differences increase under higher summer temperatures. We deployed a network of temperature loggers in the Río Manso Valley (northern Patagonia), recording summer temperatures at 15-minute intervals. Using a paired sampling design, we compared six environmental contrasts representing forest versus shrubland, low versus high elevation, and north- versus south-facing slopes. Following a contrast-wise approach, we used linear mixed-effects models to quantify daily differences in thermal metrics between paired microsites and assessed how these differences scaled with maximum daily temperature at the warmer site within each pair. Summer thermal sensitivity varied strongly across environmental contrasts. Differences associated with vegetation height and elevation were larger and more consistent than those associated with slope orientation. Across all contrasts, differences in warming rates, maximum temperatures, and cooling rates increased with rising summer temperatures, indicating that microclimatic divergence among microsites amplifies under heat extremes. By quantifying near-surface thermal sensitivity across paired environmental contrasts, our study provides empirical information relevant for modelling microclimate-sensitive ecological processes under climate change, particularly in comparable temperate mountain systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":"70 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00484-026-03254-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148343621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-temperature sulphurous peloids and sulphurous mineral water in active rheumatoid arthritis at the Banja Koviljača Spa (Serbia): a prospective controlled clinical study","authors":"Zoran Grujić,&nbsp;José M. Carbajo,&nbsp;Slavica Pavlov-Dolijanović,&nbsp;Aleksandar Jokić,&nbsp;Aleksandra Grujić,&nbsp;Jasmina Milovanović-Arsić,&nbsp;Francisco Maraver,&nbsp;María Lorena Vela","doi":"10.1007/s00484-026-03249-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00484-026-03249-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease in which symptoms such as pain and functional limitations can persist despite pharmacological control. Balneotherapy and pelotherapy are widely used as complementary, non-pharmacological interventions, although clinical evidence remains heterogeneous. To evaluate the clinical effects of a combined balneotherapy protocol consisting of local application of low-temperature sulphurous peloids followed by partial baths in natural sulphurous mineral water, added to a standard rehabilitation program in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Seventy patients with active RA were included. The balneotherapy group (n = 35) received local applications of sulphurous peloids (24 °C, 20 min) followed by partial baths in sulphurous mineral water (30 °C, 15 min) for 21 daily sessions. The standard group (n = 35) received four-cell galvanic baths. Both groups received identical physiotherapy and a low-frequency electromagnetic field (5 mT, 25 Hz, 30 min). Primary outcome was change in Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28). Secondary outcomes included pain, morning stiffness, joint counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and change in concomitant analgesic medication. The balneotherapy group showed a significantly greater reduction in DAS28 (6.17 ± 0.84 to 4.65 ± 0.78) than the standard group (6.00 ± 0.80 to 5.41 ± 0.92; p &lt; 0.001). Between-group analyses also favored balneotherapy for pain reduction in hands and knees, decreases in tender and swollen joint counts, greater ESR reduction, and a more favorable pattern of analgesic dose reduction (77.1% vs. 20.0%; p &lt; 0.001). No serious adverse events were reported. Adjunctive low-temperature sulphurous peloids plus partial baths in sulphurous mineral water were associated with greater short-term improvement in disease activity, inflammatory markers, pain, and functional outcomes than conventional thermal therapy in active RA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":"70 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148306657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future climate scenarios reshape the suitability of major malaria vector taxa in South America","authors":"Janderson Batista Rodrigues Alencar,&nbsp;Izabel Cristina de Oliveira Bentes,&nbsp;Francisco Augusto da Silva Ferreira,&nbsp;Adriano Nobre Arcos,&nbsp;Beatriz Ronchi-Teles,&nbsp;Fabrício Beggiato Baccaro","doi":"10.1007/s00484-026-03244-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00484-026-03244-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Malaria remains a major health burden in South America, but the extent to which climate change will reshape vector communities is poorly understood. We modeled the distributions of 15 key <i>Anopheles</i> species, representing primary, secondary, and unclassified vectors, under current and future climate scenarios (SSP2–4.5, SSP5–8.5) using ensemble ecological niche models calibrated with 20 climatic and physiographic predictors. We quantified niche breadth and overlap and achieved high predictive performance. Analyses in environmental space revealed moderate overlap between primary and secondary vectors and lower overlap between primary and unclassified vectors, although ecological breadth did not differ significantly among classes. Future projections revealed divergent trajectories among <i>Anopheles</i> species. Climate-sensitive primary vectors such as <i>An. darlingi</i> is projected to undergo severe contractions and fragmentation, particularly within the Amazon Basin, whereas <i>An. albimanus</i> and <i>An. aquasalis</i> are predicted to expand southward under SSP5–8.5. Several secondary or unclassified species (<i>An. janconnae</i>, <i>An. marajoara</i>, <i>An. argyritarsis</i>) also showed potential for expansion. These results suggest a major reorganization of vector assemblages, with potential epidemiological implications. Understanding this reshuffling and clarifying the roles of emerging vectors will be crucial for guiding future malaria control and surveillance strategies in South America.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":"70 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00484-026-03244-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148300574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Native shrubs senesce earlier and faster than non-native shrubs in a temperate deciduous woodland in south-eastern Wisconsin, USA","authors":"Alison Donnelly,&nbsp;Elisabet M. Jatmiko","doi":"10.1007/s00484-026-03252-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00484-026-03252-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Shrubs, both native and non-native, play a pivotal role in temperate deciduous forest dynamics by providing food and habitat for a range of organisms, contributing to nutrient and carbon cycling and particularly in the case of non-native shrubs, extending the growing season. Phenological patterns in shrubs differ from trees, including earlier leaf-out and delayed leaf senescence, which prolongs the photosynthetic active period and enhances carbon uptake. Despite their ecological significance shrubs remain understudied. The objective of this research was to quantify variations in autumn leaf senescence timing and rates between native and non-native shrubs using both in situ observations and chlorophyll meter (SPAD) readings. Phenological observations and SPAD values were recorded twice weekly throughout the autumn season (2018-2024) on 5 native and 4 non-native shrub species in a small (4.5 ha) temperate deciduous woodland fragment on the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee campus. Results show that non-native shrubs retain green leaves roughly 3-weeks longer than native species. Chlorophyll meter readings support this trend, showing prolonged chlorophyll retention and a more abrupt decline in leaf chlorophyll content in non-native shrubs. These findings improve our understanding of how shrubs shape understory forest phenology by quantifying how the pattern of senescence differs between native and non-native shrubs which in turn will have implications for the timing of understory light availability and supply of organic matter for nutrient recycling. In addition, these findings strengthen our knowledge of the ecological role of native and non-native species in temperate deciduous forest understories.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":"70 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00484-026-03252-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148292898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of global research trends on technological and AI-driven strategies for mitigating climate-induced heat stress based on 20 years bibliometric database","authors":"Mahadev Bera,&nbsp;Pranab Kumar Nag","doi":"10.1007/s00484-026-03248-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00484-026-03248-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate-induced heat stress has emerged as a serious global challenge due to rising temperatures, frequent heatwaves, and rapid urbanisation. These changes pose significant risks to human health, urban infrastructure, and occupational safety. In response, technological innovations and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven approaches are increasingly being developed to monitor, predict, and mitigate heat-related impacts. This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric assessment of global research trends on technological and AI-driven strategies for mitigating climate-induced heat stress over 20 years (2005–2025). Bibliographic data were analysed using bibliometric techniques to examine publication growth, keyword evolution, thematic structures, leading countries, and major publication sources. The results show a slow growth in publications before 2015, followed by a sharp increase after 2018, with rapid expansion observed during 2020–2025. Machine learning and AI-based methods emerge as dominant analytical tools, widely applied in heatwave forecasting, urban heat island assessment, thermal comfort analysis, and early warning systems. Urban environments, public health, and buildings are identified as key application areas. Research output is largely concentrated in a few developed countries, while many heat-vulnerable regions remain underrepresented. The findings also indicate growing integration of bioclimatic design, green buildings, and nature-based solutions. Overall, this study highlights key advances, research gaps, and future directions for developing effective, equitable, and climate-resilient heat stress mitigation strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":"70 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148292958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Independent and joint effects of ambient temperature and relative humidity on fetal distress: effect modification by air pollutants","authors":"Hua Xiao,&nbsp;Yi Wang,&nbsp;Zongli Qi,&nbsp;Ziwei Ye,&nbsp;Liping Li,&nbsp;Li Mao,&nbsp;Peng Hu,&nbsp;Yuefei Li,&nbsp;Haoyun Zhang,&nbsp;Yao Cheng,&nbsp;Hao Wang,&nbsp;Ping Chen,&nbsp;Ding Liu,&nbsp;Ailing Ji,&nbsp;Tongjian Cai","doi":"10.1007/s00484-026-03235-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00484-026-03235-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Environmental factors are important factors affecting the maternal and fetal health, but there is a lack of evidence on the association between meteorological factors and fetal distress (FD). Aim to estimate the association between mean temperature (MT) and relative humidity (RH) and the risk of FD and evaluate the effect modification by air pollutants, we conducted a time-stratified case-crossover design, including 313 pregnant women with FD in Xi’an, China. Exposure-response relationship between meteorological factors and FD was estimated by using the distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM). We further evaluated the association between meteorological factors and FD in the third trimester using a case-control design. Results showed that there was no significant association between MT and the risk of FD. RH was significantly positively associated with the risk of FD. For each 1% increase in RH, the odds ratio (OR) of FD at lag 4 and lag 014 were 1.017 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.008, 1.027) and 1.042 (95%CI: 1.023, 1.061), respectively. In the third month of the third trimester, RH was significantly associated with FD (OR: 1.018, 95%CI: 1.003, 1.034). Stratified analyses showed that the effect estimates of MT were not significant in almost all subgroups, while the association between RH and the risk of FD was stronger among women admitted in the cool season during 0–14 days and women over 30 years old in the third month of the third trimester. The additive and multiplicative interaction effects of meteorological factors and air pollutants on FD were not statistically significant. In summary, our study provides the first evidence for the association between meteorological factors and FD, which provides a new perspective for reducing the occurrence of FD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":"70 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148261986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct risk factors for exertional heat exhaustion in competitive versus recreational amateur golfers: a stratified cross-sectional study","authors":"Yosuke Nagashima,&nbsp;Teruhiko Hisaoka,&nbsp;Tomonori Sato,&nbsp;Yoshitomo Ehara,&nbsp;Akiko Horikawa,&nbsp;Akiyo Shiohara,&nbsp;Ayana Mitsume,&nbsp;Shigeru Mineo,&nbsp;Hiroaki Yoshida","doi":"10.1007/s00484-026-03253-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00484-026-03253-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although preventing heat illness is critical in golf, risk profiles likely vary by engagement level. This study investigated whether risk factors for exertional heat exhaustion (EHE) differ between competitive and recreational golfers. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study targeting amateur golfers in Japan during the summers of 2024 and 2025. A stratified analysis was performed on competitive (<i>n</i> = 485) and recreational (<i>n</i> = 259) groups using multivariable logistic regression to identify independent risk factors. Although perceived dehydration and loss of appetite were universal risk factors (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), distinct risk structures emerged. In the competitive group, sleep deprivation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.27) and mental stress (aOR = 1.66) were significant, suggesting that psychophysiological strain associated with competitive pressure may affect subjective heat tolerance. Conversely, specific associations for the recreational group included playing ≥ 11 rounds/month (aOR = 3.63) and increased consumption of jelly drinks (aOR = 2.62) and ice cream (aOR = 2.37). These behaviors likely reflect a reactive response to early thermal discomfort, indicating cumulative fatigue from unmanaged loads and a maladaptive reliance on “sensory cooling” rather than effective rehydration. These findings reveal a clear dichotomy in EHE risk factors based on participants’ competitive orientation. Competitive golfers exhibit risk structures associated primarily with physiological and psychological strain, whereas recreational golfers are vulnerable due to behavioral management and preparedness deficits. Hence, effective prevention requires targeted strategies that address distinct, group-specific risks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":"70 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148261984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}