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Features of the Processes of Initiation and Development of Sparks in Microstructural Gas Detectors (Review) 微结构气体探测器火花产生与发展过程的特点(综述)
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.1134/S0020441223020227
V. I. Razin
{"title":"Features of the Processes of Initiation and Development of Sparks in Microstructural Gas Detectors (Review)","authors":"V. I. Razin","doi":"10.1134/S0020441223020227","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441223020227","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The features of the processes of initiation and development of spark discharges in microstructural gas detectors of ionizing radiation in laboratory conditions and on charged-particle beams in accelerators are considered. Such aspects as the Raether charge limit, secondary electron emission, avalanche cross-overlap, positive ion feedback, explosive electron emission, cascading of detectors, and the charge density have been analyzed in detail. The better understanding of these effects will make it possible to make a further step in the development of new-type position-sensitive gas detectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"66 2","pages":"189 - 198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4806793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Electron Noise Generated by Cosmic Muons in the RED-100 Two-Phase Xenon Emission Detector RED-100两相氙发射探测器中宇宙介子产生的电子噪声
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.1134/S0020441223010025
D. Yu. Akimov, I. S. Aleksandrov, V. A. Belov, A. I. Bolozdynya, A. A. Vasin, A. V. Galavanov, Yu. V. Gusakov, A. G. Kovalenko, E. S. Kozlova, A. M. Konovalov, V. N. Kornoukhov, A. V. Kumpan, A. V. Luk’yashin, A. V. Pinchuk, O. E. Razuvaeva, D. G. Rudik, G. E. Simakov, V. V. Sosnovtsev, A. V. Khromov, A. V. Shakirov, A. V. Etenko
{"title":"Electron Noise Generated by Cosmic Muons in the RED-100 Two-Phase Xenon Emission Detector","authors":"D. Yu. Akimov,&nbsp;I. S. Aleksandrov,&nbsp;V. A. Belov,&nbsp;A. I. Bolozdynya,&nbsp;A. A. Vasin,&nbsp;A. V. Galavanov,&nbsp;Yu. V. Gusakov,&nbsp;A. G. Kovalenko,&nbsp;E. S. Kozlova,&nbsp;A. M. Konovalov,&nbsp;V. N. Kornoukhov,&nbsp;A. V. Kumpan,&nbsp;A. V. Luk’yashin,&nbsp;A. V. Pinchuk,&nbsp;O. E. Razuvaeva,&nbsp;D. G. Rudik,&nbsp;G. E. Simakov,&nbsp;V. V. Sosnovtsev,&nbsp;A. V. Khromov,&nbsp;A. V. Shakirov,&nbsp;A. V. Etenko","doi":"10.1134/S0020441223010025","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441223010025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It is shown that the working volume of the RED-100 two-phase emission detector, which operates in a ground-based laboratory with liquid xenon used as a working substance, is a source of single-electron noise signals with a characteristic frequency of ~200 kHz. Possible mechanisms of generation of these noises and methods for their suppression are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"66 2","pages":"199 - 206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4504195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Focus Distortion in an Image-Converter Camera at High Scanning Speeds 高扫描速度下图像转换相机的聚焦畸变
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.1134/S002044122301027X
A. I. Zarovskii, S. V. Andreev, N. S. Vorobyev, P. B. Gornostaev
{"title":"Focus Distortion in an Image-Converter Camera at High Scanning Speeds","authors":"A. I. Zarovskii,&nbsp;S. V. Andreev,&nbsp;N. S. Vorobyev,&nbsp;P. B. Gornostaev","doi":"10.1134/S002044122301027X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S002044122301027X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Measurements of the temporal and spatial resolution of a PS-1/S1 image-converter camera, depending on the scanning speed, were performed. The camera has a PIF-01 electron-optical converter with deflecting plates of the capacitor-type scan. It is shown that obtaining the minimum half-width of the space–time response function in two mutually perpendicular directions (time and space) can be achieved by selecting an optimal voltage at the focusing electrode. The difference between the optimal static and dynamic voltages of focusing in space and time was determined experimentally, which was 450 V for a scanning speed of 1.56 × 10<sup>10</sup> cm/s. Computer modeling of the processes that affect the optimal resolution was performed.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"66 2","pages":"279 - 284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4505512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development of a Low-cost Seismograph with Trigger System for Geoscience Education 具有触发系统的低成本地学教育地震仪的研制
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.1134/S0020441223020173
Igbinigie Philip Idehen, Qingyu You
{"title":"Development of a Low-cost Seismograph with Trigger System for Geoscience Education","authors":"Igbinigie Philip Idehen,&nbsp;Qingyu You","doi":"10.1134/S0020441223020173","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441223020173","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Young geoscience students in developing countries, using Nigeria as a case study grow up with little or no idea on the working principle behind expensive and imported seismographs during fieldwork. To proffer solution to this problem, seismographs need to be designed locally using low-cost materials. The proposed seismograph is made up of a single channel. It uses Arduino microcontroller which controls the data acquisition system and trigger system to initiate the seismic data acquisition. A user-friendly application was designed using LabVIEW to monitor the seismic waveforms on a personal computer. The cost of the seismograph was as low as 70 US dollars. Its applications are to promote geoscience education among young geophysicist, and can even be extended to Physics laboratory experiments. The seismograph is not recommended for seismic exploration, but rather it is a template for understanding its working principle.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"66 2","pages":"358 - 363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4505517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Measuring the Spectrum of the Soft Component of X-Ray Plasma Radiation at the MIFIST-0 Tokamak 在MIFIST-0托卡马克上测量x射线等离子体辐射软组分的光谱
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.1134/S0020441223020148
N. E. Efimov, I. G. Grigoryeva, A. A. Makarov, S. A. Krat, A. S. Prishvitsyn, A. I. Alieva, A. S. Savelov, D. L. Kirko, G. Kh. Salakhutdinov
{"title":"Measuring the Spectrum of the Soft Component of X-Ray Plasma Radiation at the MIFIST-0 Tokamak","authors":"N. E. Efimov,&nbsp;I. G. Grigoryeva,&nbsp;A. A. Makarov,&nbsp;S. A. Krat,&nbsp;A. S. Prishvitsyn,&nbsp;A. I. Alieva,&nbsp;A. S. Savelov,&nbsp;D. L. Kirko,&nbsp;G. Kh. Salakhutdinov","doi":"10.1134/S0020441223020148","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441223020148","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The technique and results of measuring the soft X-ray spectra of plasma on the small spherical MIFIST-0 tokamak are presented. The measurements were carried out by the gray filter method using a multichannel spectrometer based on LiF (Mg, Ti) thermoluminescent lithium fluoride detectors. This technique made it possible to study X-ray radiation in the energy range of quanta 0.2−15 keV. The spectrum of the soft X-ray component was obtained.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"66 2","pages":"257 - 262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4509743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Acoustic Profiling Buoy used for Deepsea Noise Observation 一种用于深海噪声观测的声学剖面浮标
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.1134/S0020441223020094
Qindong Sun, Chao Wang, Hongkun Zhou
{"title":"An Acoustic Profiling Buoy used for Deepsea Noise Observation","authors":"Qindong Sun,&nbsp;Chao Wang,&nbsp;Hongkun Zhou","doi":"10.1134/S0020441223020094","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441223020094","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A novel acoustic profiling buoy has been developed for undersea noise collection by integrating an acoustic vector sensor (AVS) with an ARGO buoy. Noise measurements involving acoustic pressure and particle velocities are performed via the combined AVS that consists of a hydrophone, a triaxial piezoelectric accelerometer, and inner attitude sensors. Calibrated sensitivities of scalar and vector sensors are –191.5 dB (0 dB re 1 V/μPa) and 2.85 V/g, respectively. A dedicated acoustic signal processor based on an FPGA and a DSP is installed inside the buoy to achieve data collection, processing, and storage. In addition, the acoustic profiling buoy can dive down and rise up between the sea surface and the submersion depth of 2000 m via a buoyancy adjustment unit under the control of microcontroller unit. Communications including commands download and data upload on the sea surface, can be accomplished through Beidou system.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"66 2","pages":"304 - 308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4509767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dynamic Characteristics of Active Two-Loop Vibration Protection Devices with Suppressed Resonance of the Carrier Plate 抑制载波板共振的有源双环振动保护装置的动态特性
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.1134/S0020441223010220
A. A. Tregubenko, V. A. Melik-Shakhnazarov, V. I. Strelov, I. Zh. Bezbakh
{"title":"Dynamic Characteristics of Active Two-Loop Vibration Protection Devices with Suppressed Resonance of the Carrier Plate","authors":"A. A. Tregubenko,&nbsp;V. A. Melik-Shakhnazarov,&nbsp;V. I. Strelov,&nbsp;I. Zh. Bezbakh","doi":"10.1134/S0020441223010220","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441223010220","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The dynamic characteristics of active vibration protection devices, consisting of a carrier plate (mounted on elastic supports), a symmetrical group of accelerometers, service-propulsion devices, and electrical circuits that separately control six vibration modes of the plate, are studied. The system is characterized by a phase reduction of 180° in the field of mechanical resonance of the slab and the same phase decrease caused by the electromechanical resonance of the service propulsors. In order to ensure that phase limitations do not reduce the efficiency of the device (the width of the active frequency range, the transmission coefficient of vibrations), two-loop control circuits have been developed that suppress the resonance of the carrier plate. Such devices achieve the following parameters: noise transmission coefficient ≈–60 dB, active frequency range 0.2–400 Hz for terrestrial laboratory/shop applications and 0.02–200 Hz for spacecraft applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"66 2","pages":"338 - 344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4505519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Operating Algorithm of the Digital Module of the Device for Detecting Flight Pulse 飞行脉冲检测装置数字模块的工作算法
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.1134/S0020441223010219
K. I. Sukhachev, A. M. Telegin, D. P. Grigoriev, D. A. Shestakov, A. S. Dorofeev
{"title":"Operating Algorithm of the Digital Module of the Device for Detecting Flight Pulse","authors":"K. I. Sukhachev,&nbsp;A. M. Telegin,&nbsp;D. P. Grigoriev,&nbsp;D. A. Shestakov,&nbsp;A. S. Dorofeev","doi":"10.1134/S0020441223010219","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441223010219","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A method and device for detecting transit pulses in the control system of a linear electrodynamic accelerator are described. The structure of an adaptive particle detector and a principle that makes it possible to increase the reliability of detecting a pulse of the expected shape against the background of noise of various origins are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"66 2","pages":"228 - 233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4505527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Investigation of the Operation of a Fast Photomultiplier in a Scintillation Alpha-Particle Detector 闪烁α粒子探测器中快速光电倍增管工作的研究
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.1134/S0020441223020069
Elif Ebru Ermis, Cuneyt Celiktas
{"title":"Investigation of the Operation of a Fast Photomultiplier in a Scintillation Alpha-Particle Detector","authors":"Elif Ebru Ermis,&nbsp;Cuneyt Celiktas","doi":"10.1134/S0020441223020069","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441223020069","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A Hamamatsu R1828-01 model fast photomultiplier tube, i.e. having fast time response, was tested whether it can be utilized for the detection of alpha particles. An Eljen AJ-440 model ZnS(Ag) scintillator sheet was mounted on the front window of the PMT. In order to obtain best alpha detection performance, three different main amplifier models that are in our laboratory were used. The alpha energy resolution values were calculated through the amplifiers. Thus, the most appropriate amplifier model in the used ones was determined. It was shown that a fast PMT could be used in alpha particle detection in addition to the timing measurement. With this study, a Hamamatsu R18128-01 type PMT was first tested for the alpha detection and the detection performances through the main amplifiers were compared.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"66 2","pages":"239 - 242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4505531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gd3Al2Ga3O12:Ce Scintillation Ceramic Elements for Measuring Ionizing Radiation in Gases and Liquids Gd3Al2Ga3O12:测量气体和液体电离辐射的Ce闪烁陶瓷元件
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.1134/S002044122301013X
A. A. Fedorov, V. V. Dubov, L. V. Ermakova, A. G. Bondarev, P. V. Karpyuk, M. V. Korzhik, D. E. Kuznetsova, V. A. Mechinsky, V. G. Smyslova, G. A. Dosovitskiy, P. S. Sokolov
{"title":"Gd3Al2Ga3O12:Ce Scintillation Ceramic Elements for Measuring Ionizing Radiation in Gases and Liquids","authors":"A. A. Fedorov,&nbsp;V. V. Dubov,&nbsp;L. V. Ermakova,&nbsp;A. G. Bondarev,&nbsp;P. V. Karpyuk,&nbsp;M. V. Korzhik,&nbsp;D. E. Kuznetsova,&nbsp;V. A. Mechinsky,&nbsp;V. G. Smyslova,&nbsp;G. A. Dosovitskiy,&nbsp;P. S. Sokolov","doi":"10.1134/S002044122301013X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S002044122301013X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Samples of mesh-like scintillation ceramic elements with an intricate shape based on Gd<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>Ga<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub>:Ce garnet have been obtained for the first time by 3D-printing for use in scintillation flow detectors of α, β, and γ-ray radiations in gaseous and liquid media. A method for their production is described, results of measurements of the scintillation light yield in ceramic samples under exposure to α particles are presented, and ways of improving their scintillation characteristics are proposed. Their applicability to inhomogeneous flow scintillation cells used in high-performance liquid chromatography is discussed. The unique capabilities of the 3D-printing technology for creating intricately shaped detector elements with optimized efficiency are noted.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"66 2","pages":"234 - 238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4508404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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