Instruments and Experimental Techniques最新文献

{"title":"Modifications of the Separationless Oil–Water–Gas Flowmeter with a Dual Isotope Gamma-Densitometer for Particular Cases of Applications","authors":"A. Yu. Filippov,&nbsp;Yu. P. Filippov,&nbsp;A. M. Kovrizhnykh","doi":"10.1134/S002044122470057X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S002044122470057X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>On the basis of a three-phase horizontal flowmeter with a nominal diameter DN 100, options for designing and creating relatively simple two-phase flowmeters without devices for measuring the average density of a mixture of low-viscosity flows, e.g., water–gas, are proposed using only conical narrowing devices (NDs) of various sizes, which are characterized by such features as the crisis of the hydraulic resistance in NDs and various quantitative characteristics that describe this crisis. A calculation and experimental method is proposed that demonstrates the principal possibility of finding the gas volume fraction β using pressure drops ∆<i>Р</i> at both NDs. An unusual calculation model is proposed based on the need to know a pair of measured pressure drops’ ∆<i>P</i> values and preliminary experimental calibration dependences ∆<i>P</i>(β) for both NDs at different volumetric liquid flow rates <i>Q</i>₁, and it is shown that the resulting errors in determining <i>Q</i>₁ and β are quite acceptable for practice in some cases. A universal design of a two-phase flowmeter has been proposed and created, thus allowing the operation with liquid–gas flows not only of relatively low viscosity, but also of comparatively high viscosity, as well as with two-phase liquid flows. This flowmeter is based on a combination of a pair of NDs and a tuning fork densitometer, thus providing a measurement accuracy acceptable for practice. A variant of a three-phase oil–water–gas flowmeter is also presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 2","pages":"377 - 389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transmission Line Pulse Setup for Electrostatic Discharge Robustness Testing of the Semiconductor Devices","authors":"V. V. Kuznetsov,&nbsp;V. V. Andreev","doi":"10.1134/S0020441224700453","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441224700453","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An original transmission line pulse setup has been presented. This test setup allows to measure quasi-static <i>I</i>–<i>V</i> curves of the semiconductor devices and electrostatic discharge protection and investigate the electrostatic discharge robustness of the integrated circuits. The setup allows to perform both destructive and nondestructive tests. The designed test setup allows to perform transmission line pulse test using 100 ns pulse with current peak value up to 10 A according to the IEC62615 international standard.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 2","pages":"268 - 273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Radiophysical Complex for Studying the Influence of the Propagation Environment on Orthogonally Polarized Electromagnetic Waves","authors":"V. L. Gulko,&nbsp;A. A. Mescheryakov,&nbsp;N. K. Blinkovsky","doi":"10.1134/S0020441224700398","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441224700398","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A radiophysical complex is considered for studying the influence of the propagation environment on orthogonally linearly polarized electromagnetic waves with horizontal and vertical polarizations. The radiophysical complex made it possible to register the quadrature components of the received orthogonally polarized signals and to calculate the amplitudes and phases of the signals and their polarization characteristics from them. Electromagnetic waves were emitted with equal amplitudes, initial phases, and wavelengths from two points spatially separated in the horizontal plane. In the framework of the two-vibrator scattering model, an analytical expression for the scattering operator is obtained, which makes it possible to estimate the differential characteristics of the propagation medium. The relationship between the model parameters and the obtained experimental estimates of the polarization characteristics of the received orthogonally linearly polarized signals on a surface path with a length of 8 km is confirmed.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 2","pages":"364 - 376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of Magnetic Shield and System Test of Strong Static Magnetic Field for ITER Radial X-Ray Camera Electronics","authors":"Qiang Li,&nbsp;Liqun Hu,&nbsp;Hongrui Cao,&nbsp;Jinglong Zhao,&nbsp;Kaiyun Chen,&nbsp;Li Jiang,&nbsp;Hong Yu,&nbsp;Weikun Chen,&nbsp;Yongqiang Zhang","doi":"10.1134/S0020441224700337","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441224700337","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The intense magnetic field surrounding the electronic system in the ITER Tokamak necessitates the use of magnetic field shielding to protect electronic devices from failure. To ensure that the components installed in these areas can withstand ITER’s magnetic environment, they must be tested beforehand for magnetic field tolerance. This paper presents a magnetic shielding design for the Radial X-ray Camera (RXC) electronic system in ITER, silicon steel sheet is used as shielding material. The design scheme was simulated and analyzed using Ansys Maxwell software, and the shield shell was designed and optimized to reduce the magnetic induction intensity from 120 mT to less than 60 mT. To determine whether the magnetic field tolerance capability of the shield and electronic system meets ITER’s requirements, tests were conducted. Based on the experimental results, it has been observed that the shield is effective in shielding the magnetic field to 50–60 mT. Furthermore, the electronic system has been tested under a magnetic field intensity of 140 mT and 180 mT, and it has been found to be functioning normally, thereby meeting the requirements of ITER.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 2","pages":"343 - 351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Turbine Effect in an Experiment with Storage of Ultracold Neutrons","authors":"A. K. Fomin,&nbsp;A. P. Serebrov","doi":"10.1134/S0020441224700581","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441224700581","url":null,"abstract":"<p>When ultracold neutrons interact with moving surfaces, their energy can change (so-called turbine effect). In this case, both an increase and a decrease in the neutron energy are possible. In previous experiments with the capture of ultracold neutrons in a gravitational trap by rotating it, it was made to have the shape of a body of revolution, which was done specifically to avoid the turbine effect. In this paper, the authors consider an experiment with a rotating gravitational trap that does not have the shape of a body of revolution. The Monte Carlo method was used to simulate the turbine effect at different stages of the experiment. The transformation of the neutron spectrum over time is calculated as a function of the trap rotation speed. A possible systematic error in the measurement of the neutron lifetime due to the influence of the turbine effect is considered. Experimental parameters are obtained for which it is absent.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 2","pages":"210 - 218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A High-Temperature Installation for Measuring the Coefficient of Linear Expansion","authors":"V. P. Tarasikov","doi":"10.1134/S0020441224700283","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441224700283","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A high-temperature (up to 1600°C) installation for measuring the coefficient of linear expansion (CLE) using a relative method is described. The measuring unit is installed in a protective glove box, which allowed measurements to be performed on samples irradiated in a reactor. Changes in the length of the sample during heating were recorded with a clock-type indicator head with an accuracy of 1 μm with the measurement range of 0–10 mm. The installation was used to determine the values of swelling of irradiated samples during high-temperature annealing and to obtain the values of the CLE of promising reactor materials. The average relative measurement error is 8–11%.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 1","pages":"175 - 178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141525011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electron Beam Energy Sensor Based on the Vavilov–Cherenkov Effect","authors":"D. A. Bobylev,&nbsp;M. D. Siomash,&nbsp;V. V. Khankin,&nbsp;V. I. Shvedunov","doi":"10.1134/S0020441224700052","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441224700052","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The article presents the results of the development of an energy sensor designed to control the energy of an electron beam released into the atmosphere from accelerators for applied purposes. The principle of operation of the device is based on the use of Vavilov–Cherenkov radiation, which occurs when an electron beam passes through a gas.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 1","pages":"82 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141525021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Generator of Rectangular Pulses Based on a Serial Connection of Mosfet with Umax = 4500 V","authors":"A. L. Despotuli,&nbsp;V. V. Kazmiruk,&nbsp;A. A. Despotuli,&nbsp;A. V. Andreeva","doi":"10.1134/S0020441224700131","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441224700131","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The purpose of the article is to show the advantages of a new design of a high-voltage rectangular pulse generator. Known analogues combine modules: signal generator; high-voltage key of <i>N</i> identical transistors (<i>Q</i>_<i>k</i>, <i>k</i> = 1….<i>N</i>) connected in series; gate driver of leading <i>Q</i>_<i>k</i>; high-voltage power source, its electromotive force, emf (<i>E</i>), feeds all <i>Q</i>_<i>k</i> and load (<i>R</i>) of the key. In analogs, divider resistors (<i>r</i>_<i>k</i>) and snubbers balance equality of voltages <i>U</i>_<i>k</i> on all <i>Q</i>_<i>k</i>. Under nonideal balance conditions <i>E</i> ≈ 0.7<i>NU</i>_max, where <i>U</i>_max is the maximum operating voltage of <i>Q</i>_<i>k</i>. The new solution differs in that the high-voltage power source sets not one but <i>N</i> emf <i>E</i>_<i>k</i> (<i>E</i>_<i>i</i>/<i>E</i>_<i>j</i> = const (<i>i</i>, <i>j</i>); <i>i</i> ≠ <i>j</i>; <i>i</i>, <i>j =</i> 1, 2, …, <i>N</i>) and each <i>E</i>_<i>k</i> feeds its <i>Q</i>_<i>k</i> through the load <i>R</i>_<i>k</i>. Experiments and simulations have revealed advantages of the new design: (1) the simplicity of the circuit and key tuning, (2) the fast transition ON→OFF for all <i>Q</i>_<i>k</i> (as <i>R</i>_<i>k</i> is small, <i>R</i>_<i>k</i> <span>( ll )</span> <i>r</i>_<i>k</i>), (3) the high pulse repetition rate, and (4) the greatly improved balancing of <i>U</i>_<i>k</i> voltages allows the <i>E</i>_<i>k</i> emf to be set so that Σ<i>U</i>_<i>k</i> ≈ Σ<i>U</i>_{<i>k</i>, max} at <i>U</i>_{<i>i</i>, max} ≠ <i>U</i>_{<i>k</i>, max}. The generator with the key based on two different MOSFETs (IXTL2N450 and IXTT1N450HV, <i>U</i>_max = 4500 V) and with a source where the <i>E</i>₂ = 2<i>E</i>₁ were used to excite vacuum ion emission from liquid Ga-based alloys.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 1","pages":"54 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141525110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Possibility of Using Synthetic Diamonds to Control the Temperature of Targets in Neutron Generators","authors":"E. D. Vovchenko,&nbsp;K. I. Kozlovskii,&nbsp;R. P. Pleshakova,&nbsp;A. A. Rukhman,&nbsp;A. E. Shikanov","doi":"10.1134/S002044122470009X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S002044122470009X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The possibility of using synthetic diamond crystals as a sensitive element of resistive-type thermal sensors developed to control target heating in a neutron generator is discussed. Information about the design and manufacturing technology of a mock-up sample of the temperature sensor, as well as data from an experimental study of its dynamic characteristics, are given. On the example of a neutron generator developed based on a high-current accelerating diode, a scheme for thermal control of a neutron-forming target is proposed.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 1","pages":"10 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141508726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tellurium-Loaded Plastic Scintillators","authors":"I. A. Suslov,&nbsp;I. B. Nemchenok,&nbsp;A. A. Klimenko,&nbsp;A. D. Bystryakov,&nbsp;I. I. Kamnev","doi":"10.1134/S0020441224700271","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441224700271","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The first results from the development of previously unknown tellurium-loaded plastic scintillators based on polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), and their copolymers for detectors for the search and study of neutrinoless double beta decay are reported herein. A complex compound of diphenyltellurium oxide with di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid and diphenyltellurium di-2-ethylhexanoate were used as tellurium-containing additives. The conditions for obtaining samples have been described and their light yield and transparency has been characterized.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 1","pages":"36 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141532026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}