Instruments and Experimental Techniques最新文献

{"title":"γ-Ray Detection with the TAIGA-IACT Installation in the Stereo Mode of Observation","authors":"P. A. Volchugov,&nbsp;I. I. Astapov,&nbsp;P. A. Bez’’yazykov,&nbsp;E. A. Bonvech,&nbsp;A. N. Borodin,&nbsp;N. M. Budnev,&nbsp;A. V. Bulan,&nbsp;A. Vaidyanatan,&nbsp;N. V. Volkov,&nbsp;D. M. Voronin,&nbsp;A. R. Gafarov,&nbsp;E. O. Gres’,&nbsp;O. A. Gres’,&nbsp;T. I. Gres’,&nbsp;O. G. Grishin,&nbsp;A. Yu. Garmash,&nbsp;V. M. Grebenyuk,&nbsp;A. A. Grinyuk,&nbsp;A. N. Dyachok,&nbsp;D. P. Zhurov,&nbsp;A. V. Zagorodnikov,&nbsp;A. D. Ivanova,&nbsp;A. L. Ivanova,&nbsp;M. A. Ilyushin,&nbsp;N. N. Kalmykov,&nbsp;V. V. Kindin,&nbsp;S. N. Kiryukhin,&nbsp;R. P. Kokoulin,&nbsp;N. I. Kolosov,&nbsp;K. G. Kompaniets,&nbsp;E. E. Korosteleva,&nbsp;V. A. Kozhin,&nbsp;E. A. Kravchenko,&nbsp;A. P. Kryukov,&nbsp;L. A. Kuz’michev,&nbsp;A. K’yavassa,&nbsp;A. A. Lagutin,&nbsp;M. V. Lavrova,&nbsp;Yu. E. Lemeshev,&nbsp;B. K. Lubsandorzhiev,&nbsp;N. B. Lubsandorzhiev,&nbsp;S. D. Malakhov,&nbsp;R. R. Mirgazov,&nbsp;R. D. Monkhoev,&nbsp;E. A. Okuneva,&nbsp;E. A. Osipova,&nbsp;A. D. Panov,&nbsp;A. L. Pakhorukov,&nbsp;A. Pan,&nbsp;L. V. Pan’kov,&nbsp;A. A. Petrukhin,&nbsp;D. A. Podgrudkov,&nbsp;E. G. Popova,&nbsp;E. B. Postnikov,&nbsp;V. V. Prosin,&nbsp;V. S. Ptuskin,&nbsp;A. A. Pushnin,&nbsp;A. Yu. Razumov,&nbsp;R. I. Raikin,&nbsp;G. I. Rubtsov,&nbsp;E. V. Ryabov,&nbsp;V. S. Samoliga,&nbsp;I. Satyshev,&nbsp;L. G. Sveshnikova,&nbsp;A. A. Silaev,&nbsp;A. A. Silaev (Jr.),&nbsp;A. Yu. Sidorenkov,&nbsp;A. V. Skurikhin,&nbsp;A. V. Sokolov,&nbsp;V. A. Tabolenko,&nbsp;A. B. Tanaev,&nbsp;M. Yu. Ternovoi,&nbsp;L. G. Tkachev,&nbsp;N. A. Ushakov,&nbsp;D. V. Chernov,&nbsp;I. I. Yashin","doi":"10.1134/S0020441224700106","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441224700106","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paper is devoted to the modeling and analysis of data detected by the TAIGA-IACT installation in the stereo mode. Five Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACT) with a viewing angle of 9.6° are expected to be included in the installation. Today there are three telescopes spaced far apart (from 320 to 500 m) in the installation. The effective area of the installation is as large as 0.6 km²; therefore, it is possible to conduct statistically significant measurements of weak γ-ray sources in the energy range above 10 TeV over a reasonable observation time (300–400 h). The Monte Carlo procedure for simulating the hadrons and γ-rays detected by the telescopes is described as is the procedure for reconstructing the parameters of extensive air showers, such as the arrival direction of an event, the axis position, the depth of the maximum of shower development (<i>X</i>_max), and the primary-particle energy. In order to solve the problem of γ-hadron separation, the criteria for selecting γ-rays detected in the stereo mode have been optimized and the effective area of the installation has been calculated.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 1","pages":"143 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141525121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magneto-Optical Method for Observing the Phases of Magnetic Ordering in Rare Earth Ferrite Films Using a Compensating Point","authors":"D. A. Suslov,&nbsp;P. M. Vetoshko,&nbsp;A. V. Mashirov,&nbsp;S. N. Polulyakh,&nbsp;V. N. Berzhansky,&nbsp;V. G. Shavrov","doi":"10.1134/S002044122470026X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S002044122470026X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For the purpose of studying the noncollinear phase in ferrimagnetic films with a magnetic compensation point, a technique has been developed and an experimental setup has been fabricated for observing phase transitions in ferrimagnetic films using magneto-optical contrast. The unique feature of the setup with a superconducting magnet is the presence of a controllable lateral temperature gradient that allows simultaneous observation of various phase states in ferrimagnetic films in the range of magnetic fields and temperatures using the magneto-optical method. Using the developed setup, zones of different magnetic ordering were observed for rare earth garnet ferrites in the range of magnetic fields from 0 to 10 T and temperatures from 150 to 400 K. The lateral temperature gradient in the film plane could be varied from 0 to 12 K. Different phases of the first-order spin-reorientation transition were observed in films with a composition of (BiYGd)₃(FeGa)₅O₁₂ using this technique.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 1","pages":"170 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141525125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Universal Gas Installation with the Function of Recovering and Cleaning Helium-3","authors":"T. I. Glushkova,&nbsp;L. M. Kochenda,&nbsp;P. A. Kravtsov,&nbsp;A. A. Fetisov","doi":"10.1134/S0020441224700118","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441224700118","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The operating principle of a gas installation designed to produce three-component gas mixtures by using static mixing, with the function of separating and purifying helium-3 gas from a CF₄ + ³He mixture is described. The process of preparing a three-component gas mixture for further use in single-chamber neutron detectors, as well as the process of helium-3 separation from a mixture of CF₄ + ³He and its purification for use in helium neutron counters and for refilling helium neutron detectors, is considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 1","pages":"157 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141525123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Scintillation Time-of-Flight Hodoscope","authors":"V. I. Alekseev,&nbsp;V. A. Baskov,&nbsp;E. A. Varfolomeeva,&nbsp;V. A. Dronov,&nbsp;A. I. L’vov,&nbsp;A. V. Kolzov,&nbsp;Yu. F. Krechetov,&nbsp;V. V. Poliansky,&nbsp;S. S. Sidorin","doi":"10.1134/S0020441224700039","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441224700039","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The characteristics of a 50-cm-long module of the scintillation time-of-flight hodoscope have been studied. It has been determined that the coordinate resolution and detection efficiency of the module depend on the voltages applied to the voltage dividers of the photomultiplier tubes and the distance from the hip point of a particle to the photomultiplier tubes. The module has been tested using both a secondary electron beam of the Pakhra accelerator (Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences) with an energy of 20 MeV and a ⁹⁰Sr+⁹⁰Y radioactive source. The tests show that the minimum values of the coordinate resolution are σ_<i>x</i> ≈ 0.1 and 1.3 cm, respectively, and the detection efficiency is ε ≈ 53%.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 1","pages":"13 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141525098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Long-Term Stability Study of Counters Consisting of Extruded-Scintillator Strips and Wavelength-Shifting Fibers","authors":"V. N. Evdokimov","doi":"10.1134/S0020441224700143","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441224700143","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The long-term stability of counters consisting of extruded-scintillator strips and wavelength-shifting fibers was studied. The aging study was carried out for scintillators and wavelength-shifting fibers before starting the mass production of counters. Aging at a higher rate and higher temperatures was used in the study, which was then continued as an interesting R&amp;D work. The decrease in the light yield was at a level of 3% per year during an initial 5–6 years. The aging then proceeds slower and nearly ceases after a 26% decrease over 20 years. The study of preliminarily aged samples was repeated after a 2.5-year pause; it showed that the aging rate for these scintillators was less than 0.5% per year at 20°C. The results obtained over 4.5 years by direct measurements and by using a faster-aging technology were in good agreement.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 1","pages":"28 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141525107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The TOT Method with a Pulse Shaper Based on a Raised-Cosine Filter","authors":"E. A. Usenko","doi":"10.1134/S0020441224700295","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441224700295","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The time over threshold (TOT) method that uses a pulse sine shaper, which is based on the mathematical function of the raised cosine (FRC), is described. The FRC has an important property for the TOT method—the formation of a smooth pulse with the variability of both the smoothing coefficient and the response time. In this case, the shape of the FRC pulse is independent of the input pulse action within a given time range. Thus, on the basis of the FRC, it was possible to create a pulse sine shaper with a preset time response, which provided an unambiguous dependence of the TOT-pulse duration on the input charge, and to improve the accuracy characteristics due to optimal spectral filtering in the FRC. A pulse sine shaper based on the FRC was successfully used in the reading systems of the HADES (GSI, Darmstadt, Germany) and BM&amp;N (JINR, Dubna) experiments. The total number of reading channels was more than 5000; the method has an error of ~0.3%.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 1","pages":"48 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141525109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Thermoluminescent Detectors for Pulsed X-Ray Spectrometry","authors":"I. A. Busygina,&nbsp;I. G. Grigoryeva,&nbsp;P. V. Moskvich,&nbsp;P. Yu. Naumov,&nbsp;G. Kh. Salakhutdinov","doi":"10.1134/S0020441224700076","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441224700076","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A high-intensity pulsed X-ray spectrometer based on thermoluminescent detectors has been developed and created. The characteristics of various thermoluminescent detectors are given. An improved algorithm for measuring the spectrum of pulsed X-ray radiation is described. Experimental results of the study of the X-ray spectrum of plasma objects are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 1","pages":"108 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141525116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional Setup for Demonstration Experiments on the Physics and Technology of Electron-Beam Plasma","authors":"M. N. Vasiliev,&nbsp;T. M. Vasilieva","doi":"10.1134/S0020441224700088","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441224700088","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A description of the setup for demonstration and educational experiments developed at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, which illustrates the physical phenomena that occur during plasma generation by injection of electron beams into dense gaseous media and aerosols, is given. The setup is equipped with a multifunctional working chamber with a set of interchangeable units able to demonstrate various effects observed when an electron-beam plasma interacts with matter within a wide range of conditions. Specially developed hardware and software control the operation of the unit and diagnostic tools ensuring the accumulation and computer processing of primary data and maintain the compatibility of the equipment with standard and specially designed visualization systems, which makes it possible to use the setup for demonstrations both offline and online.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 1","pages":"188 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141525013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Signal Recording System of the Multibeam LPA Radio Telescope at the PRAO ASC LPI","authors":"S. V. Logvinenko","doi":"10.1134/S0020441224700210","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441224700210","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A multichannel signal recording system (MSRS) developed for the 128-beam LPA radio telescope of PRAO ASC LPI is described. The signals coming from the radio telescope are RF signals in the frequency range of 0–115 MHz with a 2.5-MHz-wide telescope operating band located in the range of 109.0–111.5 MHz. Digitization of each signal is carried out by direct sampling at a frequency of 230 MHz with further fully digital signal processing. Processing includes transfer of the operating band towards the low-frequency region, suppression of the signal outside the operating band, and division of the useful signal into 512 spectral channels using a complex Fourier processor. All processing is performed on the basis of field-programmable gate arrays located on base modules that were specially developed by PRAO and placed in slots of industrial computers. The spectrum sequences are then transferred to the computer RAM for the recording program and then are written in a required format on a hard disk. The use of the combined hardware and software processing has made it possible to develop a compact, reliable, and inexpensive recording system. The MSRS created specifically for the LPA radio telescope is unique.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 1","pages":"128 - 131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141525119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-Acquisition System of a Multidetector Device with Tagged Neutrons with Parallel Transmission of Events","authors":"V. F. Batyaev,&nbsp;S. G. Belichenko,&nbsp;M. D. Karetnikov,&nbsp;A. D. Maznitsin,&nbsp;A. Yu. Presnyakov","doi":"10.1134/S0020441224700040","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441224700040","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The principles of the layout and operation of data-acquisition electronics for tagged neutron technology are described. They are based on the selection of useful events according to specified criteria with data acquisition by a buffer memory unit and subsequent transfer of data arrays to a remote computer for processing and visualization. The main selection criterion is the presence of signals from the α and γ detectors in specified time intervals and amplitude ranges in the absence of overlapping events. By using a backbone−modular architecture, it is possible to carry out parallel signal processing and data transmission at several levels, which allows connection of almost any number of γ detectors without losing measurement accuracy and data integrity. A model of the setup has been produced for testing the developed equipment, and experiments were conducted to study its characteristics. The experimentally achieved data-transfer rate (for α−γ coincidences) is 3 × 10⁵ s⁻¹, which is several times higher than the maximum transfer rate of existing data-acquisition systems for the tagged neutron technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 1","pages":"1 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141508725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}