Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"The persistence of COVID-19 vaccine artifacts in bodily fluids and tissues: a systematic review","authors":"Edgar Selem,&nbsp;Mikolaj Raszek,&nbsp;Joseph Varon,&nbsp;Matthew Halma","doi":"10.1186/s43094-026-00939-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43094-026-00939-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Early assumptions about COVID-19 vaccine components suggested that modified messenger RNA and spike protein would be rapidly cleared from the body, consistent with the known degradation pathways of natural RNA. However, multiple studies have identified these vaccine-derived components in human tissues and bodily fluids for unexpectedly prolonged periods after vaccination. This persistence challenges initial expectations and raises important questions about the mechanisms enabling such long-term presence.</p><h3>Main body</h3><p>This review systematically examines the evidence for enduring COVID-19 vaccine components, including modified messenger RNA, spike protein, and lipid nanoparticles, in the human body long after administration. We evaluate the techniques used to detect these substances, highlighting the sensitivity and specificity of various assays, and summarize the specific tissues and fluids where these components have been found. Special attention is given to methodological considerations that may influence detection and interpretation. Furthermore, this review explores potential biological explanations for the prolonged presence of vaccine-derived material. Possible mechanisms include altered RNA stability due to chemical modifications, slow clearance of lipid nanoparticles, and the formation of stable complexes or reservoirs within tissues. The evidence for each hypothesis is discussed, with an emphasis on distinguishing between true persistence and assay artifacts.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The reported persistence of COVID-19 vaccine components in the body is a phenomenon that warrants deeper investigation. While methodological factors must be carefully considered, the available data suggest that certain vaccine derivatives may remain detectable for extended periods. Understanding the underlying mechanisms is important for assessing vaccine safety and optimizing future mRNA-based therapeutics.</p><h3>Graphic abstract</h3><p>Figure adapted Halma MTJ, Rose J, Lawrie T (2023) The Novelty of mRNA Viral Vaccines and Potential Harms: A Scoping Review. J 6:220–235. https://doi.org/10.3390/j6020017 under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).</p>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":577,"journal":{"name":"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s43094-026-00939-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147338552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical disturbances caused by ranitidine in rats: attention to bilirubin–lipids relation and benefits of capsiate","authors":"Nawal Z. Haggag,&nbsp;Nora E. M. Shaheen,&nbsp;Amal A. Shahin,&nbsp;Eman S. Elhadidi,&nbsp;Eman A. Sherif","doi":"10.1186/s43094-025-00932-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43094-025-00932-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ranitidine is an H2-receptor antagonist used to control acid disorders in the gastrointestinal tract. But the long-term use of ranitidine is related to liver dysfunction, which may alter bilirubin levels and disrupt lipid metabolism. Bilirubin, beyond being a liver function marker, plays a role against oxidative stress and lipid dysregulation. In this research, we set out to study the toxic outcomes of ranitidine in selected biochemical parameters with emphasis on the biochemical relationship between bilirubin dysregulation and lipid disturbances and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of capsiate in counteracting this disturbed relationship. The rats are grouped as follows: control, ranitidine-treated, capsiate-treated, and a combination of ranitidine with capsiate-treated group. Capsiate and ranitidine were orally given at doses of (60 mg/kg.b.wt and 300 mg/kg.b.wt, respectively). Body weight gain and liver weights and relative liver weights; serum levels of direct bilirubin, lipids, glucose, hematological parameters, electrolytes, and comet assay results were evaluated. Ranitidine causes metabolic disturbances, linked with bilirubin, lipids, and glucose regulation, and other biochemical assessments as well as genotoxicity. These findings give new insights about the biochemical link between bilirubin and lipid disturbances in ranitidine-induced liver alterations. On the other hand, capsiate mitigates the biochemical disturbances, genotoxicity, and modulate the disturbed relationship between bilirubin and lipids. The efficacy of capsiate to modulate these disturbances positions it as a promising candidate for future therapeutic applications.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":577,"journal":{"name":"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s43094-025-00932-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147336507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological modulation and repair using plant-derived bioactives: advancements in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine","authors":"Shymaa Hatem,&nbsp;Roxane Abdel-Gawad,&nbsp;Doha K. Hussein,&nbsp;Riham A. El-Shiekh,&nbsp;Eman A. Bseiso","doi":"10.1186/s43094-026-00933-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43094-026-00933-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The discipline of tissue engineering (TE) is experiencing significant advancements, characterized by both rapid progress and periods of slower development that sometimes fall short of earlier expectations. This review serves as a comprehensive inventory of achievements aimed at enhancing the innovation process within the field. Tissue engineering has embraced novel technologies and devised innovative methodologies for constructing tissue models, which are instrumental in studying and addressing various disease conditions.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A critical aspect of this endeavor is ensuring that scientific initiatives are closely aligned with the specific requirements of particular diseases, ultimately striving toward the creation of viable products in regenerative medicine.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Natural biomaterials, including collagen, chitosan, alginate, silk fibroin, and fibrin, closely mimic the native extracellular matrix and provide intrinsic bioactive cues that promote cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, and lineage-specific differentiation. These polymers often present specific motifs that engage cell surface receptors such as integrins, activating signaling pathways central to tissue repair and remodeling, while their hydrophilic and porous architecture enhances nutrient transport and waste removal in three-dimensional constructs. Their degradation is primarily mediated by endogenous enzymes (e.g., collagenases, lysozymes), enabling controlled resorption synchronized with new tissue deposition and thereby reducing the risks of mechanical mismatch, fibrosis, and chronic inflammation. Compared with synthetic polymers such as polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, and polycaprolactone whose strength, architecture, and hydrolytic degradation rates can be precisely engineered but which often lack inherent bioactivity and may release inflammatory byproducts, natural scaffolds generally exhibit superior biocompatibility and support more effective functional integration in vitro and in vivo.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The core advantage of using natural biomaterials due to their ability to bridge structural support with biological functionality, and their integration into hybrid constructs with synthetic polymers represents a promising strategy to couple mechanical robustness with biomimetic signaling, accelerating translation toward clinically relevant regenerative therapies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":577,"journal":{"name":"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s43094-026-00933-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147336231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring hydantoin frameworks: synthetic approaches and therapeutic potential","authors":"Nirmala V. Shinde,&nbsp;Vrushali P. Patole,&nbsp;Manoj R. Kumbhare,&nbsp;Harsha Narkhede,&nbsp;Ashwini T. Satalkar,&nbsp;Anushka V. Thube,&nbsp;Sachin K. Bhosale","doi":"10.1186/s43094-025-00918-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43094-025-00918-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Since its first synthesis in the nineteenth century, hydantoin has emerged as a vital scaffold in drug development, especially for anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory agents. Phenytoin, a well-known hydantoin derivative, remains a cornerstone in epilepsy treatment due to its modulation of voltage-gated sodium channels. Beyond this, hydantoin derivatives exhibit diverse biological activities, including anticancer, immunomodulatory, and antimicrobial properties. Synthetic versatility and a broad bioactive profile enhance their pharmaceutical significance.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive insights on hydantoin derivatives, highlighting their pharmacological potential, structural diversity, and synthetic approaches. It also explores how substitution patterns and stereochemistry influence their biological activity.</p><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>Hydantoin derivatives can be synthesized through conventional methods and advanced techniques, such as microwave-assisted synthesis. Their anticonvulsant properties are typically evaluated using both in vitro and in vivo models. Common in vivo screening includes intraperitoneal administration in maximal electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol (scPTZ)-induced seizure models.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Studies show that substitution at key positions on the hydantoin ring significantly affects biological activity. Microwave-assisted synthesis often yields more potent derivatives. Some compounds also exhibit anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, broadening their therapeutic potential.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Hydantoin derivatives exhibit significant pharmacological potential, driven by their structural versatility and diverse substitution patterns. Enhanced synthetic approaches, such as microwave-assisted methods, improve yield and bioactivity. Their broad spectrum of action, particularly in anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer domains, underscores their continued relevance in drug development.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":577,"journal":{"name":"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s43094-025-00918-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146083117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Note: Antiulcer activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Capparis zeylanica against chemically induced ulcers","authors":"Abhishek Tripathi,&nbsp;Sunil Singh,&nbsp;Alok Mukerjee","doi":"10.1186/s43094-026-00936-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43094-026-00936-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":577,"journal":{"name":"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s43094-026-00936-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146082521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of substituted N'-(3-oxo-1,3-diphenylpropyl)isonicotinohydrazide and evaluation of their antimicrobial activities","authors":"Shukhia Sharmin,&nbsp;Md Mizanur Rahman Badal,&nbsp;Md Kabidur Rahman,&nbsp;Md Maniruzzaman,&nbsp;Md Rubel Al-Mamun,&nbsp;Mohammad Abu Yousuf,&nbsp;Md Aminul Haque","doi":"10.1186/s43094-025-00928-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43094-025-00928-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Chalcones are versatile intermediates widely used in synthesizing heterocyclic compounds due to their diverse pharmacological potential. ß-amino ketones, derived from chalcones, are valuable in medicinal chemistry as intermediates for bioactive molecules. This study focuses on the synthesis of substituted <i>N</i>'-(3-oxo-1,3-diphenylpropyl)isonicotinohydrazides via an Aza-Michael reaction, using substituted chalcones and isoniazid.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The synthesized compounds were characterized by spectral data (UV–visible, FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis). Antimicrobial activities were evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungal strains using the standard disk diffusion method. Specifically, compound 5a exhibited a 32 mm zone of inhibition against <i>Panysallium notatum</i> and a 15 mm zone of inhibition against <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i>, which were superior to the standard commercial antifungal agent miconazole (15 mm and 10 mm, respectively).</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The study successfully synthesized and characterized ß-amino ketones derived from substituted chalcones and isoniazid. Among the synthesized compounds, 5a displayed remarkable antifungal activity, compared with the standard antifungal agent, miconazole. This highlights its potential as a lead compound for developing new antifungal agents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":577,"journal":{"name":"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s43094-025-00928-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146082347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the anti-gout potential of terpenes isolated from Penicillium sp. supported by in silico studies","authors":"Abdelrhman M. Mohamed,&nbsp;Shaza H. Aly,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Elissawy,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Elanany,&nbsp;Rakesh K. Bachheti,&nbsp;Abdel Nasser B. Singab","doi":"10.1186/s43094-025-00924-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43094-025-00924-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Genus <i>Penicillium</i> represents one of the most prolific fungi in terms of biosynthesis of bioactive secondary metabolites. This review aims to survey the reported terpenoids isolated from different species of genus <i>Penicillium</i> and virtually screen their potential as xanthine oxidoreductase (XORs) inhibitors via in silico molecular modeling studies.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>More than 140 terpenoidal compounds were included in this study and evaluated for their in silico XOR inhibitory activity. The in silico study revealed that compounds 3-hydroxy-agathic acid (<b>27</b>), agathic acid (<b>28</b>), isopenicin A (<b>86</b>), decaturenol A (<b>108</b>), chermebilaene A (<b>137</b>), and 6-[(2E,6E)-10,11-dihydro-11-hydroxy-farnesyl]- 5,7-dihydroxy-4-methylphthalide (<b>142</b>) exhibit considerable inhibition of XOR potential.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The in silico XORs inhibition screening study revealed promising candidates from the terpenoidal pool reported from different <i>Penicillium sp</i>., and these candidates can be promoted for further in vitro<i>,</i> in vivo<i>,</i> and preclinical studies to validate the in silico results to support the anti-gout drug pipelines with potential natural products candidates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":577,"journal":{"name":"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s43094-025-00924-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146026890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A marvelous hope in the treatment of breast cancer: Moorena producens as an incredible source of bioactive metabolites with a variety of unique selective molecular mechanisms","authors":"Esraa M. Abdelhady,&nbsp;Mona M. Hashem,&nbsp;Mohammed N. A. Khalil,&nbsp;Omar M. Sabry","doi":"10.1186/s43094-025-00923-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43094-025-00923-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Breast cancer is the most prevalent cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Patients that get chemotherapy endure severe side effects and develop drug resistance. To optimize the immune system's ability to destroy breast cancer, several strategies have been developed. Natural product-based breast cancer treatments are also getting plenty of attention because of their low toxicity as well as their high efficacy and selectivity. From marine cyanobacteria <i>Moorena producens</i>, about 231 chemicals were discovered and categorized into 66 types. The role of <i>M. producens</i> constituents such as malyngamides, microcolins, dolastatins, apratoxins, apramides, lyngbyatoxins, guineamides, oscillatoxins, and majusculamides in the treatment of breast cancer is thoroughly reviewed in this article, which also highlights related mechanisms of action and potential difficulties. Additionally, it provides recommendations for future research directions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":577,"journal":{"name":"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s43094-025-00923-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146026811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effects of modafinil against α-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced cholestatic liver injury in mice: insights into inflammation and apoptosis modulation","authors":"Mahmoud E. Youssef,&nbsp;Ahmed Shata,&nbsp;Yara T. Abdelmaksoud,&nbsp;Wafaa M. Youssef,&nbsp;Rana A. Awad,&nbsp;Haidy H. Sediek,&nbsp;Enas M. Hasanin,&nbsp;Basma M. Rashwan,&nbsp;Yasmeen O. Ghorabah,&nbsp;Amr Yehia,&nbsp;Ahmed G. Hamad,&nbsp;Zeinab H. El Said,&nbsp;Mostafa I. Abdelglil,&nbsp;Doaa Hellal","doi":"10.1186/s43094-025-00926-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43094-025-00926-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examined the protective effects of the central nervous system stimulant modafinil (MODA) in a mouse model of cholestatic hepatitis caused by α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANT). Cholestatic hepatitis is a liver disease that is characterized by liver damage, discomfort, and jaundice. MODA was selected because of its known anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and protective qualities. For the study, mice received ANT (50 mg/kg) to induce liver injury, while MODA (60 mg/kg) was administered daily for five days. Liver function was assessed by measuring plasma levels of ALT, AST, and total bilirubin, alongside markers of oxidative stress. Apoptotic and inflammatory indicators, including p53, Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, and NF-κB, were quantified using immunohistochemistry and ELISA. Caspase-1, -3, and -9 activities were also measured. Results showed that ANT caused hepatomegaly, increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the liver. However, MODA treatment significantly reduced these adverse effects. Specifically, MODA decreased liver enlargement, improved histological damage, lowered ALT and AST levels, and enhanced oxidative balance by reducing MDA and increasing GSH and SOD. Inflammatory mediators like NF-κB, IL-6, TNF-α, and caspase-1 were also suppressed. Moreover, MODA modulated apoptotic pathways, leading to decreased Bax and caspase-3/9 expression and increased Bcl-2 expression. In conclusion, MODA offers protective benefits against ANT-induced cholestatic liver injury by mitigating oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. These findings highlight MODA's therapeutic potential for cholestatic hepatitis, suggesting a quicker path to clinical application given its existing approval for other uses. However, MODA retained only mild ability to restore normal bilirubin clearance. Due to the acute nature of the model, the anti-fibrotic potential in a chronic disease model should be evaluated in future, thereby facilitating advancement in clinical translation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":577,"journal":{"name":"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s43094-025-00926-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146026812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical diversity and antioxidant potential of four Egyptian Allium species","authors":"Yasmin A. Elkhawas,&nbsp;Omneya Eid,&nbsp;Sarah Osama,&nbsp;Noha Khalil","doi":"10.1186/s43094-025-00916-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43094-025-00916-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><i>Allium</i> genus encompasses widely consumed vegetables including onion, Welsh onion, garlic, and leek which are known for their rich bioactive compound content.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>In the present study, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, vitamin composition, in addition antioxidant capacities of alcoholic extracts from four Egyptian <i>Allium</i> species: <i>A. cepa</i> (red onion), <i>A. fistulosum</i> (Welsh onion), <i>A. sativum</i> (garlic), and <i>A. porrum</i> (leek), were investigated. Standard spectrophotometric assays (Folin–Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride) and antioxidant assays (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP) were employed.</p><h3>Results</h3><p><i>A. cepa</i> exhibited the greatest total phenolic content (135.69 ± 1.89 mg GAE/g), while <i>A. porrum</i> showed the greatest flavonoid content (25.15 ± 0.52 mg RE/g). Vitamin profiling revealed <i>A. fistulosum</i> contained the highest levels of vitamin B6 and was the only species to contain vitamin C. Antioxidant activity varied by assay: <i>A. fistulosum</i> demonstrated the strongest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities (4.37 ± 0.09 µg Eq/mg and 62.27 ± 2.86 µg Eq/mg, respectively), while <i>A. porrum</i> exhibited the highest reducing power in the FRAP assay (49.98 ± 1.76 µg Eq/mg).</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These findings highlight the health-promoting potential of four Egyptian <i>Allium</i> species, supporting their inclusion into functional foods and nutraceuticals. Their high content of bioactive substances, particularly natural antioxidants and critical vitamins, makes them interesting candidates for dietary therapies to prevent oxidative stress-related illnesses. This study provides the first comprehensive comparative analysis of these four <i>Allium</i> species collected from Egypt, conducted under standardized extraction and analytical conditions, thereby offering new insights into their unique phytochemical composition and antioxidant profiles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":577,"journal":{"name":"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s43094-025-00916-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146026745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}