卫生研究最新文献

{"title":"[Determination of diazepam and its three metabolites in fish by pass-through solid phase extraction purification combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].","authors":"Ping Ouyang, Junlin Wang, Nianhua Zhang, Pinggu Wu, Dingnan Wang, Yang Wang","doi":"10.19813/j. cnki.weishengyanjiu.2025.01.023","DOIUrl":"10.19813/j. cnki.weishengyanjiu.2025.01.023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>A stable isotope dilution-through solid phase extraction(SPE)-ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS) method was established for rapid determination of diazepam and its three metabolites(nordiazepam, temazepam and oxazepam) in fish.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sample was extracted with acetonitrile, then salted out with sodium chloride and degreased by freezing centrifugation. The acetonitrile layer diluted to a ratio of 90 percents with pure water, and through C_(18)/PSA SPE column for purification. Purification solution was collected with the first 1 mL discarded, and nitrogen blow to near dry.1.0 mL initial mobile phase was used for reconstitution, and then separated by BEH C_(18)(100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) chromatography column using 0.1% formic acid aqueous and 0.1% formic acid methanol at gradient elution, and detected with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One-step purification with C_(18)/PSA SPE column would effectively reduce matrix interference, simplify operation and improve work efficiency. The linear ranges of 4 target compounds were 0.2 to 10.0 ng/mL and the correlation coefficients were greater than 0.999. The recoveries were in the range of 92.0%-120.0% with the relative standard deviations ranging from 4.5%-10.7%(n = 6). The method limits of detection were 0.2 μg/kg. Then the established method was used for the determination of 10 positive fish samples, and the content of diazepam and nordiazepam were 68.4%-100% in fish samples, and it indicated that diazepam and nordiazepam were the main biomarker.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The established method is simple, rapid, sensitive and selective, which is suitable for the simultaneous determination of diazepam and its three metabolites in fish.</p>","PeriodicalId":57744,"journal":{"name":"卫生研究","volume":"54 1","pages":"129-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Topic study on smoking cessation motivation and relapse triggers of hypertensive patients in the community based on the bi-term topic model].","authors":"Qiaoming Chen, Yuyan Liu, Ning Ji, Xianbin Ding, Ainan Jia, Ting Chen, Min Liu, Yamin Bai","doi":"10.19813/j. cnki.weishengyanjiu.2025.01.019","DOIUrl":"10.19813/j. cnki.weishengyanjiu.2025.01.019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the motivations for quitting smoking and the factors leading to relapse among smokers who have quit.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 156 valid interviews with hypertensive smokers who quit smoking, collected at community health service centers in Beibei District, Chongqing, in 2021, were analyzed. Demographic characteristics of the participants were described. A topic model(BTM) was applied using Python 3.7 to analyze the motivations for quitting smoking and factors leading to relapse. Time trend analysis was performed to examine the temporal changes in relapse triggers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>(1) Demographic characteristics: a total of 147 males(94.2%) and 9 females(5.8%) participated. The majority were elderly, with 15 participants(9.6%) under 50 years old, 44(28.2%) between 50 and 59 years old, 83(53.2%) between 60 and 69 years old, and 14(9.0%) aged 70 or older. Regarding smoking duration, 21 participants(13.5%) had smoked for less than 10 years, 30(19.2%) for 10-19 years, 29(18.6%) for 20-29 years, 50(32.1%) for 30-39 years, and 26(16.7%) for 40 years or more. Most participants were frequent smokers, with 120(76.9%) smoking daily. (2) Topic analysis: reasons for smoking included peer influence, curiosity, and being influenced by friends. Motivations for quitting included health issues, family persuasion, economic pressure, and advice from doctors. Relapse triggers included nicotine cravings, socializing with smokers, being offered cigarettes, and attending gatherings. (3) Time trend of topic heat: the topics of \"nicotine cravings\" and \"socializing with smokers\" showed an increasing trend, while the topic of \"gatherings\" showed a decreasing trend. The topic \"being offered cigarettes\" fluctuated before declining.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Health issues related to disease are the primary motivation for quitting smoking, while socializing with other smokers is a major trigger for relapse, alongside nicotine cravings. Other relapse factors include being offered cigarettes, attending social gatherings, smoking the first cigarette in the morning, stress, and boredom.</p>","PeriodicalId":57744,"journal":{"name":"卫生研究","volume":"54 1","pages":"99-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Cost-effectiveness analysis of community-based nutrition interventions in the context of rapid urbanization in Zhejiang Province in 2022].","authors":"Mengjie He, Peiwei Xu, Dan Han, Yan Zou, Lichun Huang, Dong Zhao, Danting Su","doi":"10.19813/j. cnki.weishengyanjiu.2025.01.015","DOIUrl":"10.19813/j. cnki.weishengyanjiu.2025.01.015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Exploring the cost-effectiveness of community-based nutrition interventions in urbanizing areas.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In January, 2022, 2 communities with typical urbanization process in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province were selected, and adults aged 18 years or older from each community were recruited as study subjects. Whole venous blood sample was collected. The fully automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect the hemoglobin in whole blood and the four serum lipids(total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein). The level of serum vitamin D was detected by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Meanwhile, the questionnaire survey and health examination at baseline were conducted to acquire the dietary quality score, body mass index(BMI) and waist. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 100 participants were included for each community and divided into four groups, including abnormal fat distribution group, the improper diet group, the vitamin D malnutrition group, and the anemia group. Participant were randomly divided into nutritional intervention and control arms at the match ratio of 1∶1 by age and sex. Continuous nutritional interventions were offered for 3 months for intervention arm, and no intervention was offered for control arm. Repeat survey and health examinations were conducted after 3 months for all participants. The improvements of health indicators related to the four nutritional problems(including BMI, waist, serum lipids, hemoglobin and serum vitamin D) and the relative risk(RR) were calculated. The cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated by integrating the cost.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The improvement rate in the intervention group in abnormal fat distribution group was higher than that of the control group(50% vs.18.8%, RR=2.66). The improvement rate in the intervention group in improper diet group was higher than that of the control group(64.5% vs.43.9%, RR=1.47). The improvement rate in the intervention group in vitamin D malnutrition group was higher than that in the control group(62.5% vs.46.7%, RR=1.34). The improvement rate of anemia intervention group was lower than that of control group(40% vs.60%, RR=0.67). The result of the cost-effectiveness analysis showed that the costs for improving each subject with abnormal fat distribution, improper diet, vitamin D malnutrition and anemia were Chinese Yuan(CNY) 390, CNY 302.3, CNY 408 and CNY 487.5 respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The implementation of community-based nutrition interventions in rapidly urbanizing areas is effective in improving the health status and is in line with the cost-effectiveness principle.</p>","PeriodicalId":57744,"journal":{"name":"卫生研究","volume":"54 1","pages":"73-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Amount, sources and distribution of protein intake in Chinese adults aged 60 years and above in 15 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in 2018].","authors":"Xiaoyun Song, Huijun Wang, Chang Su, Yifei Ouyang, Mei Zhang, Lei Zhang, Mei Zou, Rui Li, Jun Meng, Ke Sun, Bing Zhang","doi":"10.19813/j. cnki.weishengyanjiu.2025.01.014","DOIUrl":"10.19813/j. cnki.weishengyanjiu.2025.01.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the amount, sources, and meal distribution of protein intake in Chinese adults aged ≥ 60 in 15 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities) in 2018.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multistage, random cluster design was employed in China Health and Nutrition Survey in 2018. A total of 4941 participants aged ≥60 years were included in the analysis. The 3 consecutive day 24-hour dietary recall was used to collect information on food intake, and the condiment intake was collected by weighting and bookkeeping method. Protein intake was calculated by food composition table.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study subjects aged between 60 to 97.5 years old, with males accounting for 46.49% and rural population accounting for 58.98%. The median daily protein intake of study subjects was 0.93 g/kg BW. The proportion of males and females who achieved recommended nutrient intake(RNI) of protein intake was 35.87% and 34.34%, respectively. The median protein intake of study subjects for breakfast, lunch, and dinner was 0.22, 0.34 and 0.33 g/kg BW, respectively. The proportion of males and females with no meal reaching 0.4 g/kg BW protein intake was 45.41% and 48.22%, respectively. The average number of meals reaching 0.4 g/kg BW protein intake throughout the day was 0.84 and 0.80 for males and females, respectively. The average proportions of animal protein and plant protein for the study subjects were 35.25% and 64.75%, respectively. The average coefficient of variation for protein intake was 0.34.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The daily and meal protein intake of the Chinese adults aged 60 and above in 15 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities) are relatively low. Protein intake in breakfast is much lower than that in lunch and dinner. The main source of dietary protein throughout a day is from plant-based food.</p>","PeriodicalId":57744,"journal":{"name":"卫生研究","volume":"54 1","pages":"67-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Trends in dietary magnesium intake among adult residents in China from 1982 to 2015].","authors":"Shujuan Li, Lahong Ju, Jiguo Zhang, Wenwen Du, Dongmei Yu, Qiya Guo, Hongyun Fang, Xiaoli Xu, Xue Cheng, Weiyi Gong, Xiaoqi Wei, Shuya Cai, Liyun Zhao, Huijun Wang, Gangqiang Ding","doi":"10.19813/j. cnki.weishengyanjiu.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.19813/j. cnki.weishengyanjiu.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To obtain the dietary magnesium intake status of adult residents in China over the past 30 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on the data from five national cross-sectional surveys/monitoring of the China Nutrition and Health Surveys from 1982 to 2015, adult residents aged 18 and above were selected as the research subjects based on their personal basic information and dietary survey data. The study analyzed the trends in dietary magnesium intake and insufficiency prevalence among adult residents from 1982 to 2015, and examined the differences among different genders, age groups, and urban-rural areas.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 276 438 individuals were included in the study. The result showed that in the five surveys/monitoring from 1982 to 2015, the median dietary magnesium intake of adult residents aged 18 and above in China was 382.52, 372.55, 298.17, 249.52 and 230.82 mg/d, respectively, showing a significant downward trend over time. The insufficiency prevalence of dietary magnesium intake among adult residents in China showed a significant upward trend from 1982 to 2015, with the insufficiency prevalence in the five surveys/monitoring being 18.78%, 18.25%, 38.27%, 57.77% and 66.75%, respectively. The insufficiency prevalence of dietary magnesium among adult women was significantly higher than that among men; the older the age, the higher the insufficiency prevalence of dietary magnesium, with the highest prevalence among those aged 75 and above; the insufficiency prevalence of dietary magnesium intake among urban residents was higher than that among rural residents.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Over the 30 years from 1982 to 2015, there has been a significant downward trend in the dietary magnesium intake of adult residents in China, and a significant upward trend in the insufficiency prevalence of dietary magnesium intake. The status of dietary magnesium deficiency among women, the elderly, and urban residents requires more attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":57744,"journal":{"name":"卫生研究","volume":"54 1","pages":"23-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Association between inflammatory markers and the change of depressive symptoms in college students].","authors":"Wanyu Che, Shuman Tao, Yajuan Yang, Liwei Zou, Yang Xie, Tingting Li, Yuming Chen, Meng Wang, Xingyue Mou, Fangbiao Tao, Xiaoyan Wu","doi":"10.19813/j. cnki.weishengyanjiu.2025.01.018","DOIUrl":"10.19813/j. cnki.weishengyanjiu.2025.01.018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the associations between levels of inflammatory markers and the change of depressive symptoms in college students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From April to May 2019, 1179 freshmen were selected by cluster random sampling in two universities in Hefei, Anhui Province and Shangrao, Jiangxi Province for baseline survey. General demographic information of college students was collected through questionnaire survey, and the depressive symptoms of college students in the past week were evaluated by the depression subscale in the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. Two follow-up surveys were conducted six months and one year later, respectively. Blood samples were collected at baseline to measure levels of five inflammatory markers: interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) and interleukin-10(IL-10). Multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between five inflammatory markers and the change of depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the subjects included in the study, 53.9% were from rural areas, 67.5% were female, 6.9% were smokers and 21.9% were drinkers. The detection rate of depressive symptoms at baseline was 21.1%. After 1 year follow-up, the rate of new depressive symptoms was 8.5%. Higher levels of IL-6(OR=2.36, 95% CI 1.10-5.04) and IL-1β(OR=2.93, 95% CI 1.36-6.32) at baseline were significantly positively correlated with new depressive symptoms in college students, and lower levels of IL-10 were significantly positively correlated with new depressive symptoms in college students(OR=3.92, 95% CI 1.73-8.86).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High levels of IL-6, IL-1β and low levels of IL-10 at baseline were positively associated with new depressive symptoms in college students.</p>","PeriodicalId":57744,"journal":{"name":"卫生研究","volume":"54 1","pages":"92-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Cholesterol level and distribution characteristics in adults aged 20 years and above in China in 2015-2017].","authors":"Fusheng Li, Hongtao Yuan, Mulei Chen, Dongmei Yu, Wei Piao, Yuxiang Yang, Jing Nan, Liyun Zhao, Shuya Cai","doi":"10.19813/j. cnki.weishengyanjiu.2025.01.013","DOIUrl":"10.19813/j. cnki.weishengyanjiu.2025.01.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the level and distribution characteristics of remnant cholesterol(RC) among Chinese adult residents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data was collected from Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance(2015-2017). A stratified, multi-stage, random sampling method was used. A total of 135 934 residents aged 20 years and above from 31 provinces were included in this study. This study included survey data, medical examination data, and laboratory testing data. International general estimation method was used to calculate remnant cholesterol. Chi-square test was used to analysis RC level and its distribution characteristics by weighted adjustment of the sixth national population census data provided by the National Bureau of Statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The level of RC showed significant spatial and population differences. The proportion of males in the high RC group was higher than that in females(14.39% vs.10.72%), and the proportion of urban residents was lower than that of rural residents(11.3% vs.13.78%). The median level of RC in South China was the highest(0.49 mmol/L). The lowest median level of RC was 0.43 mmol/L in central China. The median RC level varies among different chronic disease populations, with the highest median RC level being 0.57 mmol/L for dyslipidemia. The median RC level for hypertension and coronary heart disease is the lowest at 0.50 mmol/L. Additionally, the median RC levels of various chronic diseases in females are significantly higher than those in males.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The level of RC in Chinese adult residents shows obvious population, spatia, and chronic disease distribution characteristics. Taking targeted measures for key populations in key areas can effectively reduce the level of RC in the population, thereby reducing the risk of inducing cardiovascular disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":57744,"journal":{"name":"卫生研究","volume":"54 1","pages":"60-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Determination of acrylamide and ethylene oxide hemoglobin adducts by isotope dilution-ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry].","authors":"Xuefei Leng, Chengbing Dai, Yi He, Yu'e Jin, Yimin Wen","doi":"10.19813/j. cnki.weishengyanjiu.2025.01.022","DOIUrl":"10.19813/j. cnki.weishengyanjiu.2025.01.022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop a precise quantitative method for detecting N-alkylated hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide and ethylene oxide.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Hemoglobin was liberated from anticoagulated whole blood through freeze-thaw lysis of erythrocytes. A reaction mixture containing 250 μL of hemolysate, stable isotope-labelled internal standards, and the Edman degradation reagent fluorescein isothiocyanate was prepared. The mixture underwent vortex mixing and reacted for 16 hours at 37℃ and 800 r/min, facilitating the simultaneous derivatization and cleavage of large molecular weight hemoglobin N-terminal alkylation adducts to yield smaller valine adducts with fluorescein labels. Post-derivatization, the reaction mixture was treated with 1.6 mL of acetonitrile to precipitate proteins. Subsequent centrifugation allowed for the extraction and purification of the target adducts via mixed anionic solid-phase extraction, employing both ion-exchange and reversed-phase retention mechanisms. The purified eluates were then dried under a stream of nitrogen at 55℃, reconstituted in a 1∶1(V/V) acetonitrile-water solution, and subjected to membrane filtration before analysis. Acrylamide and ethylene oxide hemoglobin adducts in human whole blood were detected by an ultra high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray triple quadrupole mass spectrometry using a Waters ACQUITY HSS T3 column(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 μm), and quantified using an isotope dilution internal standard quantification method with simultaneous derivatization of standards.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The detection limits for acrylamide and ethylene oxide adducts were established at 0.1 and 0.2 pmol/g Hb, respectively, with quantification lower limits down to 0.4 and 0.8 pmol/g Hb. The standard curves exhibited broad linearity with correlation coefficients(r) exceeding 0.999. Intra-and inter-day variance remained below 7.2% for both adducts. Quantitative assessment revealed deviations of +15% for acrylamide and-5.8% for ethylene oxide adducts, compared to the standard addition method.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The method demonstrated herein is characterized by its sensitivity, stability, precision, and suitability for biomonitoring hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide and ethylene oxide within the general population. It also proves effective for assessing occupational exposure and acute poisoning cases, as well as for the detection of a variety of N-valine alkylated hemoglobin adducts.</p>","PeriodicalId":57744,"journal":{"name":"卫生研究","volume":"54 1","pages":"120-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Contamination and molecular epidemiological characteristics of Salmonella in fruits, vegetables, and irrigation water].","authors":"Lanxin Zhao, Bingyan Li, Lisha Liu, Shiwei Liu, Shenghui Cui, Jianguo Xu, Xueshuo Wang, Baowei Yang, Yi Ma, Yujie Hu, Li Bai","doi":"10.19813/j. cnki.weishengyanjiu.2025.01.020","DOIUrl":"10.19813/j. cnki.weishengyanjiu.2025.01.020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the genomic epidemiological characteristics of Salmonella in fruits, vegetables, and irrigation water in China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 410 samples of fruits, vegetables and irrigation water were collected from Hubei and Shaanxi Provinces from June to December 2022. Salmonella strains were detected and identified referenced in the United States Food and drug administration&apos;s bacteriological analytical manual. The antimicrobial susceptibility to 17 antibiotics in 9 classes was assessed by broth microdilution, and the serotype and antibiotic resistance genes(ARG) were predicted by whole genome sequencing technology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 29 strains of Salmonella were collected. There were 3 strains isolated from fruits and vegetables, 25 from irrigation water, and 1 from soil fertilizers. The detection rate in irrigation water(22.32%) was higher than that in fruits, vegetables(1.46%), and soil fertilizers(1.08%). The individual detection rate(13.01%) was higher than the large-scale monitoring point detection rate(4.03%). Based on the analysis of the whole genome sequencing, a total of 19 serotypes were identified, with S. Thompson being the most frequently detected serotype(24.14%).31.0% of isolates showed resistance to the tested drugs and showed the highest resistance to cotrimoxazole, tetracycline, ampicillin.24.1% were multi-drug resistant strains and were resistant to 14 kinds of antimicrobial compounds belonging to 8 categories. Moreover, based on the whole-genome sequence analysis of antibiotic resistance genes, it was found that the carriage rate of aminoglycoside ARGs was 100%, and the carriage rates of other ARGs were folate pathway antagonists, fosfomycins, tetracyclines, phenicols, sulfonamids, quinolones, beta-lactam, macrolids and rifamycins were 31.03%, 27.59%, 27.59%, 27.59%, 24.14%, 20.69%, 6.90%, and 6.90%, respectively. Over 30% of the strains carried more than 6 antibiotic resistance genes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Salmonellas were detected in fruits, vegetables, irrigation water and soil fertilizer in Hubei and Shaanxi Provinces. The strains isolated from irrigation water exhibiting a diverse range of serotypes and carrying numerous antibiotic resistance genes. More intensive efforts should be made on the monitoring of Salmonella and its antibiotic resistance in irrigation water.</p>","PeriodicalId":57744,"journal":{"name":"卫生研究","volume":"54 1","pages":"106-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Theoretical exploration of sample collection methods in breast milk scientific research].","authors":"Jianqiang Lai, Xinxin Xing, Xinke Lu, Ye Wang","doi":"10.19813/j. cnki.weishengyanjiu.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.19813/j. cnki.weishengyanjiu.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast milk scientific research aims to explore the mechanism of breast milk synthesis and secretion and its law of coexisting with life. Based on the method ological research on breast milk scientific sample collection method, this paper proposes a systematic \"point, line, ring, and surface\" breast milk collection method theory. Point sampling realizes accurate data collection at a specific time point and lays the foundation for building a breast milk composition database; Linear sampling reveals the dynamic changes of breast milk components with the growth and development of infants through continuous sampling in a time series; Ring sampling collects 24-hour breast milk samples to analyze the circadian rhythm of breast milk components and its impact on infant physiological regulation; Surface collection focuses on comprehensive sampling of large-scale groups and provides a basis for formulating maternal and infant health policies. In addition, this paper also discusses the cross-integration of this theory with disciplines such as engineering, informatics, and materials science, as well as its potential applications in global breast milk research and the formulation of breastfeeding strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":57744,"journal":{"name":"卫生研究","volume":"54 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}