Food Security最新文献

{"title":"Pathways from livestock to improved human nutrition: lessons learned in East Africa","authors":"Valerie L. Flax,&nbsp;Emily A. Ouma,&nbsp;Isabelle Baltenweck,&nbsp;Esther Omosa,&nbsp;Amy Webb Girard,&nbsp;Nathaniel Jensen,&nbsp;Paula Dominguez-Salas","doi":"10.1007/s12571-023-01382-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12571-023-01382-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Livestock CGIAR (Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research) Research Program (Livestock CRP) generated evidence on livestock-to-nutrition pathways through the implementation of nutrition-related livestock programs and research. In this analysis, we compiled lessons learned from Livestock CRP projects and identified recommendations for nutrition-sensitive livestock programming and research in the context of the literature and through the development of an updated livestock-to-nutrition pathways framework. The updated framework shows the interconnected nature of the three main pathways—own-consumption, income, and women’s empowerment—along with other pathways and includes contextual factors, which were lacking in previous frameworks. Eight Livestock CRP projects were reviewed, including five integrated livestock and human nutrition projects, two studies on drivers of food choice, and one study to develop and test a tool to measure nutrition outcomes among pastoralists. Key lessons learned were that women’s empowerment in livestock-to-nutrition pathways is important, but challenging to measure; engaging male partners improves nutrition in livestock-keeping households; nutrition-sensitive livestock programs and researchers should articulate and measure livestock-to-nutrition pathways they are addressing; livestock keeping does not guarantee access to animal source foods; context and livelihoods are not static and program design should be adapted accordingly; and digital data collection systems can provide accurate and timely nutrition information. Key recommendations include developing tools to fill measurement gaps; creating shorter versions of validated tools for ease of use; using complexity-aware evaluation methods to capture the interconnected nature of livestock-to-nutrition pathways and shifting livelihoods; and conducting pathways analyses to better understand linkages in the framework and further refine it.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":567,"journal":{"name":"Food Security","volume":"15 5","pages":"1293 - 1312"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12571-023-01382-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41080308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial characteristics of food insecurity and food access in Los Angeles County during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Michelle Sarah Livings,&nbsp;John Wilson,&nbsp;Sydney Miller,&nbsp;Wändi Bruine de Bruin,&nbsp;Kate Weber,&nbsp;Marianna Babboni,&nbsp;Mengya Xu,&nbsp;Kenan Li,&nbsp;Kayla de la Haye","doi":"10.1007/s12571-023-01381-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12571-023-01381-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Food insecurity spiked in some U.S. regions during the COVID-19 pandemic, as did food access challenges. Concerns were raised that these food issues were more prominent in food deserts, or neighborhoods lacking access to a grocery store or supermarket. Using data collected from a representative sample of Los Angeles County adults between April and October 2020, this study examined relationships between self-reported food insecurity, perceived food access barriers, and residing in a food desert, and examined differences across key geographic regions of the county. There was little relationship between residing in a food desert and experiencing food insecurity. However, perceived grocery store closures/limited hours and not having access to a vehicle were commonly reported barriers to food access, which were associated with more food insecurity. These findings suggest that geographic disparities in food access impact food insecurity. Efforts to address food insecurity should center on achieving food justice and addressing disparities across geographic regions.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":567,"journal":{"name":"Food Security","volume":"15 5","pages":"1255 - 1271"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12571-023-01381-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41079788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilience of food system actors to armed conflicts: empirical insights from Burkina Faso","authors":"Elodie Maitre d’Hôtel,&nbsp;Chris Béné,&nbsp;Raphaël Pelloquin,&nbsp;Outman Badaoui,&nbsp;Faroukou Gharba,&nbsp;Jocelyne Sankima","doi":"10.1007/s12571-023-01383-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12571-023-01383-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>\u0000In this article we analyse the resilience of food systems’ actors exposed to violent conflicts, using primary data collected in the Yagha province of Burkina Faso. The different resilience strategies adopted by actors of the local food systems when faced with recurrent attacks and high level of insecurity are analysed. We also analyse the factors that may explain why those actors demonstrate different capacities to resist and to adapt to shocks. For this purpose, we use a series of econometric models in which the change in actors’ economic activity is linked to a series of variables, including their exposure to insecurity, sociodemographic characteristics, wealth and social network. Overall, our analysis shows that local food system actors have reduced the volume of their economic activity by about 50% between mid-2020 and mid-2021. The analysis also reveals that actors who were exposed to more frequent violent events are more likely to have opted for strategies that are detrimental for their businesses; and that food system actors who have broader social networks are able to mitigate better the impact of armed conflict. In contrast, no robust evidence was found about the potential mitigating effect of actor’s individual wealth. The article concludes by a series of short recommendations.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":567,"journal":{"name":"Food Security","volume":"15 5","pages":"1275 - 1292"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41079790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An assessment of India's multiple national social protection schemes in improving nutrition and health","authors":"Sudha Narayanan,&nbsp;Karthikeya Naraparaju,&nbsp;Nicolas Gerber","doi":"10.1007/s12571-023-01376-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12571-023-01376-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper examines whether the combined participation in workfare and food grain subsidy programmes in India impacts the nutritional and health status of women and children, using body mass index (BMI) and short-term morbidity as indicators. Based on a nationally representative panel data survey conducted in 2005 and 2012, we estimate the participants’ average treatment effects by applying a semi-parametric differences-in-differences (DID) approach on the full sample and a regression-based DID approach on a matched sample. We find that simultaneous participation in these programmes lowers women’s morbidity by at least 25%, but women’s BMI increases only in states implementing those programmes well. For children, there is no robust evidence of impacts. Our results suggest that various social protection programmes can operate synergistically and deliver positive impacts on children and women’s nutrition or health, even though this is not their main objective. However, the effects are heterogeneous and confirm that the nutrition and health benefits, reached through a combination of the two social protection programmes, are mediated by intrahousehold dynamics. Synergistic and mediating effects must be considered in future efforts to upscale social protection in the Global South in order to deliver simultaneous progress across the Sustainable Development Goals.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":567,"journal":{"name":"Food Security","volume":"15 5","pages":"1215 - 1229"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12571-023-01376-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41079868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding household and food system determinants of chicken and egg consumption in India","authors":"Lavinia Scudiero,&nbsp;Mehroosh Tak,&nbsp;Pablo Alarcón,&nbsp;Bhavani Shankar","doi":"10.1007/s12571-023-01375-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12571-023-01375-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Poultry is one of the fastest-growing agricultural sectors in India and its demand is said to be rising. There is a perception that higher incomes, growing population, urbanisation, and increased productivity in the industry have influenced Indian poultry consumption. However, consumer surveys have shown that the average poultry consumption in India has remained low. With this in mind, the paper analysed household determinants of chicken and egg consumption within the Indian population, using two rounds of National Sample Survey data (1993–1994 and 2011–2012). By conducting a spatiotemporal analysis of household consumption and expenditure survey and by using truncated Double Hurdle and Unconditional Quantile regressions (UQR) models, this study explored socio-economic and food system determinants of chicken and egg consumption in India. Key results highlight that while consumption has increased marginally over twenty years, supply-side determinants, such as price and poultry production concentration, influenced heterogenous consumption patterns in India. We also find evidence that historically marginalised groups consumed more chicken and eggs in comparison to non-marginalised groups and preliminary evidence suggests how household gender dynamics influence different consumption patterns. Adequate consumption of poultry is important to improve nutrient-deficient diets of vulnerable groups in India. Our findings on demand side determinants of poultry products are crucial to support consumer tailored actions to improve nutritional outcomes along with the Indian poultry sector policy planning.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":567,"journal":{"name":"Food Security","volume":"15 5","pages":"1231 - 1254"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12571-023-01375-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41079869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasting responses of spatiotemporal patterns of cropland to climate change in Northeast China","authors":"Ziyang Yu,&nbsp;Zhenzhen Li,&nbsp;Haoxuan Yang,&nbsp;Yihao Wang,&nbsp;Yang Cui,&nbsp;Guoping Lei,&nbsp;Shuai Ye","doi":"10.1007/s12571-023-01379-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12571-023-01379-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding the relationship between climate change and cropland spatiotemporal patterns is critical for developing government policy and assisting agriculture in adapting to future climate change. The land use dataset was used to extract the area of cropland expansion and contraction as well as to calculate the cropland landscape indices. The impacts of climatic factors on the spatiotemporal patterns of cropland were quantified for different time periods by Random Forest (RF) classification and regression models, and the accuracy of the models was used as the intensity of the influence of climatic factors on cropland change. The results revealed that the total cropland area has consistently increased by 17.74% in the last four decades. The Sanjiang Plain (SJP) and Songnen Plain (SNP), with high aggregation and a simple shape of cropland landscapes, were the main regions where the cropland area has increased. Cropland landscape aggregation was low in mountainous areas. Before 2000, the total cropland area expanded more (46,748 km²) in response to the pressure to ensure food security, whereas there was less cropland loss. The accuracy of the RF model during this period revealed that the changes in cropland spatiotemporal patterns were highly influenced by climatic factors. After 2000, the climate conditions gradually became warmer and wetter. The total area of cropland increased slightly (10,587 km²) under the influence of the contradictory relationships among economic development, food production and ecological conservation, and the conversion between cropland and natural landscape types was drastic. The impact of climatic factors on changes in cropland spatiotemporal patterns has declined. Our results suggest that the response of spatiotemporal pattern changes in cropland to climatic factors differs under different policy contexts in different periods. The findings are intended to aid in the balance of agricultural production and ecological conservation in Northeast China in the face of climate change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":567,"journal":{"name":"Food Security","volume":"15 5","pages":"1197 - 1214"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12571-023-01379-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41080037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adoption and impact of improved amaranth cultivars in Tanzania using DNA fingerprinting","authors":"Rosina Wanyama,&nbsp;Pepijn Schreinemachers,&nbsp;Justus Ochieng’,&nbsp;Omary Bwambo,&nbsp;Roselyne Alphonce,&nbsp;Fekadu Fufa Dinssa,&nbsp;Ya-ping Lin,&nbsp;Roland Schafleitner","doi":"10.1007/s12571-023-01378-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12571-023-01378-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>\u0000Traditional vegetables are very important for food and nutrition security in sub-Saharan Africa but have not received much attention in crop improvement research. One exception is amaranth (<i>Amaranthus</i> spp.) for which international breeding research began at the World Vegetable Center in Tanzania in 2004. This study is the first impact evaluation of this research program. It uses a representative sample of 1,355 amaranth-producing households from five agroecological zones of Tanzania to collect questionnaire-based data and plant material. The genetic identity of the amaranth cultivars used by the farmers was identified using DNA fingerprinting, while the impact on crop yield, production cost and sales was quantified using propensity score matching. The analysis shows that 66% of Tanzania’s cultivated area under amaranth uses cultivars derived from the amaranth breeding program. These cultivars had a mean vegetable yield that was 6.1 ton/ha higher (+ 48%; p = 0.002) than that of other cultivars, while there was no significant impact on the cost of production or quantity sold. This suggests tremendous impact of genetic improvement research in traditional vegetables.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":567,"journal":{"name":"Food Security","volume":"15 5","pages":"1185 - 1196"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12571-023-01378-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41079654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opportunities to strengthen trade policy for food and nutrition security: an analysis of two agricultural trade policy decisions","authors":"Ellen Johnson,&nbsp;Anne Marie Thow,&nbsp;Nicholas Nisbett","doi":"10.1007/s12571-023-01377-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12571-023-01377-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>\u0000Food insecurity and the double burden of malnutrition have emerged as prevailing global health challenges of the twenty-first century. These have been influenced by trade policy decisions, particularly in relation to agriculture, which are highly political and can have large effects on global, national, and local food systems. The aim of this study was to analyse two multilateral trade policy decisions relevant to food and nutrition security, to understand the political and power dynamics in the spaces in which these decisions are being made at the global level, in order to strengthen trade-related food systems governance to improve population nutrition. This qualitative policy analysis drew on data from a targeted literature and policy review, as well as in-depth interviews with eight individuals with expert knowledge and/or involvement in the case studies. The analysis focussed on policy processes and power dynamics, drawing on two frameworks from political science. This study found that power dynamics were shifting, such that developing countries had more of a voice at these multilateral negotiations, and decisions reflected growing resistance from developing countries who were unable to protect their most vulnerable. Contextual factors such as level of food insecurity, socio-economic situation, and historical institutional processes at the World Trade Organisation, were influential in shaping actor agendas. The study suggests that engagement with the historical context of agricultural trade policy, the global spaces in which these policy decisions take place, and creating strong coalitions will be essential to create sustainable and equitable future food systems.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":567,"journal":{"name":"Food Security","volume":"15 4","pages":"1109 - 1125"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12571-023-01377-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4459627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drivers and stressors of resilience to food insecurity: evidence from 35 countries","authors":"Marco d’Errico,&nbsp;Jeanne Pinay,&nbsp;Ellestina Jumbe,&nbsp;Anh Hong Luu","doi":"10.1007/s12571-023-01373-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12571-023-01373-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>\u0000The recent COVID-19 global pandemic has revealed that despite numerous development efforts, there are still inefficiencies in maintaining the living standards of people when shocks and stressors occur. While addressing issues arising from the pandemic is dramatically urgent, this should not come at the cost of averting resources and efforts from sustainable and equal growth and prosperity goals. The importance of resilience for the humanitarian and development nexus, has probed United Nations agencies, international organizations, donors, and governments to investigate key facts and determinants of this capacity. After approximately 15 years of empirical evidence, few research questions remain unexplored and unanswered. Are there few and consistently relevant elements that determine resilience capacity? What shocks are most dramatically reducing resilience? What coping strategies are most frequently adopted in the presence of shocks? This paper attempts to respond to these questions by pooling together a unique database of 35 countries. This study combines the most recent FAO-RIMA (Resilience Index Measurement and Analysis) datasets with a large set of data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) produced by the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF). The analysis covers the period between 2014 and 2020 by investigating 50,622 households. The size of the sample provides our findings with great statistical power, therefore adding external validity. Our results show that firstly, diversification of income sources, education, access to land, livestock, and agricultural inputs, are the main drivers of households’ resilience capacity. Secondly, we gather evidence that the prevailing shocks are natural, health, and livelihood. Thirdly, we find that reducing the quantity and quality of food consumed, seeking an extra job, selling assets, taking credit, relying on relatives and social networks are the most adopted coping strategies. Finally, we found evidence of how mitigating strategies are adapted to the shocks: for instance, increasing working hours is adopted when a natural shock occurs while accessing credit is chosen when health shocks occur. Our results show that adequate investments in resilience are conditional to a) engaging with activities that are broadly consistent across countries and b) fine-tuning the interventions based on context specificity.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":567,"journal":{"name":"Food Security","volume":"15 5","pages":"1161 - 1183"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41079795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community seed banks: Instruments for food security or unsustainable endeavour? A case study of Mkombezi Community Seed Bank in Malawi","authors":"Viviana Meixner Vásquez,&nbsp;Regine Andersen","doi":"10.1007/s12571-023-01374-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12571-023-01374-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Community Seed Banks (CSBs) have been established in many developing countries to improve small-scale farmers’ access to crop genetic resources and thereby their food security. However, empirical evidence of the effects on farmers’ food security remains scarce. This study focuses on Malawi, where the NGO Biodiversity Conservation Initiative has facilitated the operation of four CSBs. Among these, Mkombezi CSB was selected for in-depth analysis, as a case of a well-established CSB carrying out typical activities of a CSB, such as conserving a rich diversity of crop varieties, enhancing the performance of selected varieties, enabling access to relatively high-quality seed of the varieties, arranging seed and food fairs, capacity building in agricultural practices responding to the effects of climate change, as well as trainings in group dynamics and gender relations relevant to food production and the operation of the CSB. Three questions guide this study: (1) Does Mkombezi CSB contribute to food security? (2) If so, how? (3) Under what conditions may the findings be relevant for other CSBs in Malawi and elsewhere? The analysis builds on qualitative information from 43 semi-structured in-depth interviews, two focus-group discussions and 24 key informant interviews. We find that Mkombezi CSB contributes decisively to improving food security among its members as well as helping them to cope with lean seasons and unexpected shocks. Overall, this study indicates that under certain conditions, CSBs may contribute considerably to food security.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":567,"journal":{"name":"Food Security","volume":"15 4","pages":"1087 - 1108"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4979225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}