Food Security最新文献

{"title":"Addressing biohazards to food security in primary production","authors":"Annika Djurle,&nbsp;Beth Young,&nbsp;Anna Berlin,&nbsp;Ivar Vågsholm,&nbsp;Anne-Lie Blomström,&nbsp;Jim Nygren,&nbsp;Anders Kvarnheden","doi":"10.1007/s12571-022-01296-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12571-022-01296-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review addresses ways to prepare for and to mitigate effects of biohazards on primary production of crops and livestock. These biohazards can be natural or intentional introductions of pathogens, and they can cause major economic damage to farmers, the agricultural industry, society, and international trade. Agroterrorism is the intentional introduction of animal or plant pathogens into agricultural production systems with the intention to cause socioeconomic harm and generate public fear. Although few acts of agroterrorism are reported, the threat of agroterrorism in Europe is real. New concerns about threats arise from the rapid advancements in biotechnology and emerging technologies. FORSA, an analytical framework for risk and vulnerability analysis, was used to review how to prepare for and mitigate the possible effects of natural or intentional biohazards in agricultural production. Analyzing the effects of a biohazard event involves multiple scientific disciplines. A comprehensive analysis of biohazards therefore requires a systems approach. The preparedness and ability to manage events are strengthened by bolstered farm biosecurity, increased monitoring and laboratory capacity, improved inter-agency communication and resource allocation. The focus of this review is on Europe, but the insights gained have worldwide applications. The analytical framework used here is compared to other frameworks. With climate change, Covid-19 and the war in Ukraine, the supply chains are challenged, and we foresee increasing food prices associated with social tensions. Our food supply chain becomes more fragile with more unknowns, thereby increasing the needs for risk and vulnerability analyses, of which FORSA is one example.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":567,"journal":{"name":"Food Security","volume":"14 6","pages":"1475 - 1497"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2022-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12571-022-01296-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4085482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food insecurity among parents of young children in the United States and Australia: focusing on etiology and outcomes","authors":"Courtney A. Parks,&nbsp;Amber Bastian,&nbsp;Rebecca Lindberg,&nbsp;Fiona H. McKay,&nbsp;Paige van der Pligt,&nbsp;Amy L. Yaroch","doi":"10.1007/s12571-022-01303-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12571-022-01303-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purpose of this commentary is to highlight the established etiology and outcomes related to food insecurity for families with young children (ages 0–5 and pregnant women) living in the U.S. and Australia. We initiated a cross-country research collaboration between the United States (U.S.) and Australia in order to gain an understanding of food security across two high-income countries in terms of definitions and measurement, causes and consequences, welfare provisions, and food systems. Throughout this work, key factors that drive similarities and differences related to food insecurity were identified to include: economic, social, geographical, and political influences. Despite many similarities between the U.S. and Australia, several differences noted included: a broader definition of food security in Australia (yet limited surveillance/measurement in both countries), differing policies and government support for low-income populations, varying structures and reach of emergency food systems, and divergent food access challenges. In order to foster shared learning and dissemination of “what works” to address food security across the globe, it is essential to widen our view and collaborate across borders and sectors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":567,"journal":{"name":"Food Security","volume":"14 6","pages":"1499 - 1502"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2022-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4085483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adoption and disadoption of the improved clay granary for maize storage: evidence from the northern and central regions of Benin","authors":"Evelyne Valentine Setoun Sissinto-Gbenou,&nbsp;Ygue Patrice Adegbola,&nbsp;Segla Roch Cedrique Zossou,&nbsp;Baudelaire Yannick Fabius Kouton-Bognon,&nbsp;Gauthier Biaou","doi":"10.1007/s12571-022-01297-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12571-022-01297-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper provides information on the adoption and disadoption of the improved clay granary for maize storage in the northern and central regions of Benin. The sample is 243 producers out of the 346 farmers who had been in contact with the improved clay granary in 2003. The data covered panel data of two periods (2003 and 2015). The descriptive statistics highlighted changes in the adoption status of the farmer from 2003 to 2015. 34.98% of farmers adopted the improved clay granary and 65.02 did not adopt it in 2003. Out of the 34.98% who adopted in 2003, 28.81% dropped out in 2015. However, 6.17 continued to use the improved clay granary in 2015. In contrast, among the 65.02% of producers who had not adopted in 2003, only 6.58% did in 2015. The analysis model used is the semi-parametric bivariate model with sample selection. The results showed that the choice to adopt an improved clay granary is specifically determined by the share of the stock held for sale and the ratio of dependents on the labor available in the household, the experience, the cost and efficiency of improved clay granary, the credit access. Specifically, disadoption of the improved clay granary is determined by the high level of education and experience, the quantity produced and stocked for the sale for the household, the availability of the improved clay granary building materials, the contact with extension agents working with storage innovations, no credit access, the efficiency of chemical protection products, the availability of building materials and the efficiency of improved clay granary. This study suggested that knowledge of disadoption factors is important for the development and dissemination of better technologies by agribusiness firms, institutions and policymakers.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":567,"journal":{"name":"Food Security","volume":"14 6","pages":"1459 - 1474"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5158575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable management of transboundary pests requires holistic and inclusive solutions","authors":"Boddupalli M. Prasanna,&nbsp;Monica Carvajal-Yepes,&nbsp;P. Lava Kumar,&nbsp;Nozomi Kawarazuka,&nbsp;Yanyan Liu,&nbsp;Annet Abenakyo Mulema,&nbsp;Steven McCutcheon,&nbsp;Xenina Ibabao","doi":"10.1007/s12571-022-01301-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12571-022-01301-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Globalization and changing climates are aggravating the occurrence and impacts of transboundary pests, and driving the emergence of new threats. Most of the low- and middle-income countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America are not fully prepared in terms of surveillance, diagnostics, and deployment of plant health solutions due to several factors: adequate investment is lacking; knowledge is inadequate; and connections from the local to global, and global to local are insufficient. Effectively countering the current and emerging threats to plant health requires a holistic approach that includes: 1) globally coordinated diagnostic and surveillance systems; 2) epidemiological modelling, risk assessment, forecasting and preparedness for proactive management and containment; and 3) implementation of context-sensitive, eco-friendly, gender-responsive and socially inclusive integrated disease and pest management approaches to reduce the impacts of devastating transboundary pests and diseases. Despite several success stories where major pests and diseases have been brought to control through integrated approaches, further multi-institutional and multi-disciplinary efforts are necessary. Plant health management requires stronger interface between the biophysical and social sciences, and empowerment of local communities. These reflections derive from the proceedings of a webinar on “Transboundary Disease and Pest Management,” organized by CGIAR (Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research) on March 3, 2021, in recognition of the United Nations designated International Year of Plant Health.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":567,"journal":{"name":"Food Security","volume":"14 6","pages":"1449 - 1457"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12571-022-01301-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4862186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring transformational adaptation strategy through agricultural policy reform in the Philippines","authors":"Angga Pradesha,&nbsp;Sherman Robinson,&nbsp;Mark W. Rosegrant,&nbsp;Nicostrato Perez,&nbsp;Timothy S. Thomas","doi":"10.1007/s12571-022-01299-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12571-022-01299-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Philippines is much more prone to climate change effects than many other countries. The potential impact on the agriculture sector is of particular concern, given its vital role in the economy and for vulnerable households. This study proposes a new approach for adaptation strategies by exploring policy reform in agriculture as a transformative way to help economic agents adapt to climate change. We specifically explore the current rice reform policy currently pursued by the government through the abolishment of rice quota program. We found this reform could help transform the agricultural and economic system by allowing scarce resources move from low to high productivity sector thus increase country’s adaptive capacity. However, the process entails a welfare loss to certain agents, but adding government intervention could act as the second-best policy and become a transition pathway before the whole system transform to reach the optimal efficiency point when the intervention program is eventually phased out.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":567,"journal":{"name":"Food Security","volume":"14 6","pages":"1435 - 1447"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12571-022-01299-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4831090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"U.S. Federal Reserve Policies can cause Political instability by raising bread prices*","authors":"Ore Koren,&nbsp;W. Kindred Winecoff","doi":"10.1007/s12571-022-01300-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12571-022-01300-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This note argues that the monetary policies of the U.S. Federal Reserve impact food prices globally and can – by extension – affect the incidence of food riots and broader social conflict. We additionally claim that these impacts are especially likely in the case of commodities with more price-inelastic demand, staple cereals in particular, but less likely in the case of food commodities with more price-elastic demand, such as meats and oil. Using mediation analysis, we find empirical support for the impact of changes to US dollar supply on food riots from 2000–2011. We also find that this relationship extends to broader measures of social conflict (including protests, riots, strikes, etc.). We conclude with a cautionary note about how to interpret these results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":567,"journal":{"name":"Food Security","volume":"14 6","pages":"1431 - 1434"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12571-022-01300-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4426316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of ENSO on common bean production in Colombia: a time series approach","authors":"Hernan Botero,&nbsp;Andrew P. Barnes","doi":"10.1007/s12571-022-01290-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12571-022-01290-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The common bean is an important staple food in Colombia with diverse nutritional content and environmental benefits. The most important climatic risk confronted by common bean production in Colombia is El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) since its two extreme phases —El Niño and La Niña— increase the intensity and variety of abiotic and biotic stresses in the region. Using information from the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) for the period 1991–2018, we test whether pre-2030 ENSO has had a negative impact on common bean production in Colombia using a Prais–Winsten regression model. We find that common beans’ yields have been negatively affected by El Niño, but not by La Niña. Moreover, short-run ENSO-induced deviations in the growth rate of precipitation with respect to its long-run value reduce yields and increase farmers’ income from common bean production. These results have two important implications. From a modelling standpoint, we find that precipitation has a non-linear relationship with yields and incomes, implying that second-order effects should be incorporated in any analysis of the effects of climatic variables on agricultural production. From a policy perspective, our results suggest a need for countercyclical polices to counteract price spikes of common beans in the Colombian market since, when they occur, they tend to over-compensate the reduction in yields, which reduce common bean consumers’ purchasing power and food security.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":567,"journal":{"name":"Food Security","volume":"14 6","pages":"1417 - 1430"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12571-022-01290-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4426698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New members of the advisory board of food security","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s12571-022-01298-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12571-022-01298-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":567,"journal":{"name":"Food Security","volume":"14 3","pages":"569 - 570"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4305865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A holistic approach to food loss reduction in Africa: food loss analysis, integrated capacity development and policy implications","authors":"Mireille Totobesola,&nbsp;Robert Delve,&nbsp;Jean d’Amour Nkundimana,&nbsp;Leonardo Cini,&nbsp;Francesca Gianfelici,&nbsp;Brighton Mvumi,&nbsp;Silvia Gaiani,&nbsp;Alessandra Pani,&nbsp;Alejandra Safa Barraza,&nbsp;Rosa S. Rolle","doi":"10.1007/s12571-021-01243-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12571-021-01243-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Food insecurity in the African context is a critical issue; yet total food losses are estimated at 15.9% and 17.2% in quantity and in caloric value, respectively (FAO, 2019). Currently across the continent, there is insufficient funding and the lack of policy mechanisms to support interdisciplinary analytical approaches and data collection systems to better inform the reduction of food loss. This paper highlights the critical need for a paradigm shift of current research and development programs aimed at food loss reduction, as demonstrated by findings of a project implemented in Burkina Faso, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda by the United Nations Rome-based Agencies (RBAs) – The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and the World Food Programme (WFP). Quantitative and qualitative food loss data generated by applying the FAO Food Loss Analysis (FLA) methodology to identify critical loss points in the supply chains of nationally prioritized staple food crops, informed the development of practical knowledge-sharing tools and policy guidelines on food loss reduction and contributed to the development of a comprehensive approach for mainstreaming food loss reduction strategies and solutions into national strategic frameworks. Furthermore, a holistic approach that integrates multi-stakeholder engagement, and evidence generation through the implementation of pilot activities to shape local and regional policies and strategies proved essential to the realization of beneficial outcomes in the respective countries. The project also recognized the critical importance of integrating gender considerations and particularly the inclusion of women in harvest and post-harvest operations and in decision-making. All of these outcomes have contributed to the advancement of knowledge and strategic approaches toward reducing postharvest loss, achieving SDG target 12.3 and meeting the targets set by the Malabo Declaration. In short, the project effectively translated commitment into action in all three beneficiary countries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":567,"journal":{"name":"Food Security","volume":"14 6","pages":"1401 - 1415"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12571-021-01243-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4259016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A broken market: can increased access to broken rice decrease food insecurity in Haiti?","authors":"Matthew Richardson,&nbsp;Lawton L. Nalley,&nbsp;Alvaro Durand-Morat,&nbsp;Phil Crandall,&nbsp;Andrew Scruggs,&nbsp;Lesly Joseph,&nbsp;Jérôme Chouloute,&nbsp;Wei Yang","doi":"10.1007/s12571-022-01286-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12571-022-01286-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Haiti is a unique rice market in the sense that, despite the high poverty rates and dependency on rice as a staple, it relies on imports (80% of total consumption) of high-quality milled rice for which it pays a premium price. Haiti requires that all imported rice have a maximum of 4% broken kernels, which results in Haiti importing one of the most expensive non-fragrant long grain rice in the world. This study implements a non-hypothetical field experiment (300 observations) to elicit which rice attributes Haitians valued as revealed by their purchasing behavior in an open-air market setting. Specifically, we set out to estimate if Haitians would discount broken rice in such a manner that strict import regulations, which keeps cheaper imported broken rice out of domestic markets, continue to be warranted. Our findings suggest consumers (across locations and income groups) were not found to pay more for a reduced amount of broken rice, with the exception of the highest income group. This should signal to policy makers in Haiti that consumers are willing to consume rice with a higher percentage of brokens than the 4% importation standard. This is important from a food security standpoint as rice with a higher broken percentage provides the same nutritional value as rice with a lower broken rate, and can be sourced globally at a discounted price. Allowing imports of rice with higher broken rate could help alleviate food insecurity in Haiti by providing a cheaper alternative to relatively expensive domestic rice and imported rice, which currently has an inflated price due to its high-quality standards imposed by Haitian importers. </p></div>","PeriodicalId":567,"journal":{"name":"Food Security","volume":"14 6","pages":"1387 - 1400"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12571-022-01286-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5163932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}