History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences最新文献_第4页

Crystallizing techniques: sample preparations, technical knowledge, and the characterization of blood crystals, 1840-1909. 结晶技术：样品制备，技术知识，血液晶体的表征，1840-1909。

IF 1.6 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-024-00651-5

Dana Matthiessen

{"title":"Crystallizing techniques: sample preparations, technical knowledge, and the characterization of blood crystals, 1840-1909.","authors":"Dana Matthiessen","doi":"10.1007/s40656-024-00651-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40656-024-00651-5","url":null,"abstract":"Sample preparation is the process of altering a naturally occurring object into a representative form that is amenable to scientific inquiry. Preparation is an important preliminary to data collection, ubiquitous in the life sciences and elsewhere, yet relatively neglected in historical and philosophical literature. This paper presents a detailed historical case study involving the preparation and study of blood crystals in the nineteenth century. The case is used to highlight significant features of preparation, which aid our understanding of the epistemology of sciences in which preparations play an important role. First, it shows the role of technical knowledge in efforts to characterize a scientific phenomenon or object of interest. Especially in early stages of characterization, scientists improve their understanding of what they are preparing by better understanding their preparation procedures. Second, this case contributes to recent views of characterization as a relatively autonomous domain of scientific activity. It shows how preparation functions as a site for integrating different experimental methods, and the difficulties that ensue. In light of these considerations, the case shows how characterization is capable of shaping or constraining explanatory pursuits as much as it is guided by them.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":"47 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction: Diversification or sensory unification? Controversies around the senses in fin de siècle culture. 更正：多样化还是感官统一？末世文化中围绕感官的争论。

IF 1.6 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-024-00654-2

Sonsoles Hernandez Barbosa

引用次数: 0

Obesogenic vs. fatphobic: an examination of environment in relation to fatness. 致肥与恐肥：环境与肥胖关系的研究。

IF 1.6 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-024-00637-3

Tiana Dodson

引用次数: 0

Pavlovian theory and the development of traditional Chinese medicine, 1949-1961. 巴甫洛夫理论与中医的发展，1949-1961。

IF 1.6 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-024-00632-8

Haiwei Yang, Huili Zhang

引用次数: 0

Historicizing the liberal antiracism of Cultural Evolution. 将文化进化中的自由主义反种族主义历史化。

IF 1.6 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-024-00647-1

Cameron Brinitzer

引用次数: 0

Jeffry L. Ramsey, Sustainability and the Philosophy of Science, New York: Routledge, 2024. 杰弗里·拉姆齐：《可持续发展与科学哲学》，纽约：劳特利奇出版社，2024。

IF 1.6 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-024-00650-6

La Ilham Toha

引用次数: 0

From the ports to the hinterland. Plague, bacteriology, and politics in Argentina (1899-1940). 从港口到内陆。阿根廷的鼠疫、细菌学和政治（1899-1940 年）。

IF 1.6 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-024-00648-0

Juan Pablo Zabala, Nicolás Facundo Rojas

{"title":"From the ports to the hinterland. Plague, bacteriology, and politics in Argentina (1899-1940).","authors":"Juan Pablo Zabala, Nicolás Facundo Rojas","doi":"10.1007/s40656-024-00648-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40656-024-00648-0","url":null,"abstract":"In 1899, the first cases of plague were recognised in Paraguay and a few months later in Buenos Aires as part of the third plague pandemic. In the first decades of the twentieth century, plague slowly advanced towards the Argentinian hinterland. In this paper we focus on the production of scientific knowledge about plague in Argentina, where a core of bacteriologists emerged early on. We show how they not only played a central role in the complex process of plague recognition and intervention, but also influenced the scientific development of bacteriology in Argentina and potentially in South America. We argue that bacteriology became a key tool in articulating the promises of modern science with political and economic interests, allowing the Argentinian government to extend its territorial control over Buenos Aires and the hinterland. This can be seen in two different configurations of the plague as an epistemic and political object in Argentina. In the first period, from 1899 to 1910, plague was a problem linked to the ports. In this section of the article, we show how plague became an important issue in the development of bacteriology in Argentina, how this research contributed to new intervention measures and, in some cases, developed innovative ideas about serotherapeutic treatments and the characteristics of the disease. In the second period, from the mid-1910s until the 1940s, research in Argentina provided new evidence of the 'rural' nature of plague, a process in deep dialogue with research on plague among peri-domestic and wild rodents carried out in other parts of the Americas, Europe and Africa. This article thus aims to contribute to a history of bacteriology that highlights the role of non-European centres, like Argentina, in the production and circulation of bacteriological knowledge.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":"46 4","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142689809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Two scientific perspectives on nerve signal propagation: how incompatible approaches jointly promote progress in explanatory understanding. 神经信号传播的两种科学视角：互不兼容的方法如何共同促进解释性理解的进步。

IF 1.6 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-024-00644-4

Linda Holland, Henk W de Regt, Benjamin Drukarch

{"title":"Two scientific perspectives on nerve signal propagation: how incompatible approaches jointly promote progress in explanatory understanding.","authors":"Linda Holland, Henk W de Regt, Benjamin Drukarch","doi":"10.1007/s40656-024-00644-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40656-024-00644-4","url":null,"abstract":"We present a case study of two scientific perspectives on the phenomenon of nerve signal propagation, a bio-electric and a thermodynamic perspective, and compare this case with two accounts of scientific perspectivism: those of Michela Massimi and Juha Saatsi, respectively. We demonstrate that the interaction between the bio-electric perspective and the thermodynamic perspective can be captured in Saatsi's terms of progress in explanatory understanding. Using insights from our case study, we argue that both the epistemic and pragmatic dimensions of scientific understanding are important for increasing explanatory understanding of phenomena. The epistemic dimension of understanding is important for increasing the number of actually answered what-if-things-had-been-different questions about a phenomenon, the pragmatic dimension for pointing out the potentially answerable what-if questions that have been overlooked or purposefully neglected thus far. Exposing the limitations of the acquired understanding within a particular perspective can be achieved by criticizing the assumptions that have been adopted to make models of the perspective intelligible, but that are considered problematic from a rival perspective.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":"46 4","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11582304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A strategy to what end? "The strategy of model building in population biology" in its programmatic context. 战略的目的是什么？计划背景下的 "群体生物学模型构建战略"。

IF 1.6 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-024-00646-2

Zvi Hasnes-Beninson

{"title":"A strategy to what end? \"The strategy of model building in population biology\" in its programmatic context.","authors":"Zvi Hasnes-Beninson","doi":"10.1007/s40656-024-00646-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40656-024-00646-2","url":null,"abstract":"\"The Strategy of Model Building in Population Biology\" published by Richard Levins in 1966 has been cited over 2500 times. For a paper concerned with modeling approaches in population biology a surprisingly large part of the attention. The Strategy received comes from history and philosophy of biology, and specifically from accounts on model and model formulation. The Strategy is an unusual paper; it presents neither new data nor a new formal model; at times it reads like a manifesto for some modeling approach, without specifying which broader program that approach intends to support. When these peculiarities of The Strategy are even mentioned, the philosophical literature tends to explain them away by invoking Levins' Marxist commitments. In contrast, I argue that those peculiarities can be explained by examining the programmatic purpose of the paper; starting from his doctoral work, Levins was trying to establish a research program meant to account for the relations between fitness and environment in different terms than the prevalent lock-and-key view. My paper brings that program back to the discussion, explains its relation to competing approaches and examines Levins' approach to modeling in light of that context.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":"46 4","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11573825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inventing with bacteriology: controversy over anti-cholera therapeutic serum and tensions between transnational science and local practice in Tokyo and Berlin (1890-1902). 细菌学的发明：抗霍乱治疗血清的争议以及东京和柏林的跨国科学与地方实践之间的紧张关系（1890-1902 年）。

IF 1.6 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-024-00639-1

Shiori Nosaka

{"title":"Inventing with bacteriology: controversy over anti-cholera therapeutic serum and tensions between transnational science and local practice in Tokyo and Berlin (1890-1902).","authors":"Shiori Nosaka","doi":"10.1007/s40656-024-00639-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40656-024-00639-1","url":null,"abstract":"The present article examines the material, epistemological, and social dimensions of late nineteenth-century anti-cholera serum controversies that unfolded in Tokyo and Berlin. It seeks to shed light on the conflicting values embedded in the construction of scientific evidence during the transnational exploration of bacteriology as an effective response to controlling epidemics. Driven by Japanese health authorities' initiatives, Japanese bacteriologist Kitasato Shibasaburo participated in the elaboration of bacteriological research oriented toward therapeutic application during his stay in Berlin. This work coincided with the rise of a controversy over anti-cholera serum in relation to the animal experiments conducted by Richard Pfeiffer, a German bacteriologist. After presenting a series of animal experiments and certain clinical cases conducted in Germany, France, and Egypt in the context of the controversies, the article analyzes a therapeutic trial conducted by Kitasato in Japan during an 1895 cholera epidemic. His strategy, bringing new data to the transnational debate through an intensive investment of resources in the trial, provoked criticism from his Japanese and German colleagues. These critics questioned Kitasato's method and pointed out the low social value of this experimental serum therapy, performed in highly equipped conditions. Through this case study, the present article highlights: a) a strong tension between transnational research interactions among bacteriologists and local medical practices during public health campaigns against epidemics at the turn of the twentieth century; b) the importance of analyzing the interconnected effects of local, national and transnational frameworks of medical science when examining the increasingly intertwined relationships between laboratory science and clinical medicine.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":"46 4","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142638735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0