History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences最新文献_第10页

Correction to: Organisms as subjects: Jakob von Uexküll and Adolf Portmann on the autonomy of living beings and anthropological difference. 修正:有机体作为主体:雅各布·冯·尤克斯k<e:1>和阿道夫·波特曼关于生物的自主性和人类学差异。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-07 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-022-00536-5

Filip Jaroš, Carlo Brentari

引用次数: 0

Design principles and mechanistic explanation. 设计原则和机理解释。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-03 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-022-00535-6

Wei Fang

引用次数: 0

Organic form and evolution: the morphological problem in twentieth-century italian biology. 有机形态和进化:二十世纪意大利生物学中的形态学问题。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-03 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-022-00534-7

Marco Tamborini

{"title":"Organic form and evolution: the morphological problem in twentieth-century italian biology.","authors":"Marco Tamborini","doi":"10.1007/s40656-022-00534-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40656-022-00534-7","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the efforts in evolution research to understand form's structure that developed in Italy during the first half of the twentieth century. In particular, it analyzes how the organic approach in biology and the study of organic form merged in the morphological research agendas of Giuseppe Colosi (1892-1975) and Giuseppe Levi (1872-1965). These biologists sought to understand form's inner composition and structure. First, I will briefly outline the morphological practices and frameworks used to study form changes and structures in the early twentieth century. Second, I will discuss what the Italian biologist Antonio Pensa (1874-1970) called the morphological problem. Third, I will examine Colosi's response to the morphological problem. Fourth, I will analyze Levi's morphological research program. As a result, this paper paves the way for a more nuanced and varied picture of the so-called \"organicism movement\" in the first half of the twentieth century by calling attention to morphology as practiced in Italian-speaking biology. In fact, alongside dialectical materialism and holistic biology, two of the main strands within organicism, the architectural approach to evolution as practiced in Italy and elsewhere had a profound impact on twentieth- and twenty-first-century organicism specifically and on evolutionary biology generally.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9633467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10432489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Games and genes: human diversity meets cytogenetics-Mexico 1968. 游戏和基因:人类多样性与细胞遗传学相遇——1968年墨西哥。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-03 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-022-00521-y

Ana Barahona

{"title":"Games and genes: human diversity meets cytogenetics-Mexico 1968.","authors":"Ana Barahona","doi":"10.1007/s40656-022-00521-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40656-022-00521-y","url":null,"abstract":"The 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico included innovative practices and technological knowledge of human biology. The first time that cytogenetic techniques had been applied to athletes was in the 1966 European Athletics Championship in Budapest and used on Olympic athletes for the first time in Mexico in 1968. The Genetics and Human Biology Program (Programa de Genética y Biología Humanas, PGBH) was created for this purpose in 1966 in close collaboration with the Local Organizing Committee (Comité Organizador, CO), by Mexican geneticists Alfonso León de Garay and Rodolfo Félix Estrada who led the project. The main objective was to study the genetic and anthropological components which determine an Olympic athlete's abilities. This investigation studied 1,265 game participants and included family studies, cytological analyses, research on single genes, and the study of sex determination. In terms of influence beyond Mexico, this Program was significant as a site of transnational collaboration. It mobilized cognitive and financial resources, scientific practices, and material culture to set up a clinical laboratory in the Olympic Village. The Program also hosted three international seminars in Mexico City, two before the games, to calibrate clinical trials and anthropological tests. One in 1969 to analyze the results and proceed to their publication in 1974. This manuscript will focus on the PGBH to show how its work fits in the larger tapestry of post-1945 human biological studies. Also, to explore how the Olympic athlete populations studied can be considered laboratories of knowledge production or sites of cognition conceived as specific entities for scientific inquiry, standardization of medical practices, and the production or application of medicines. Finally, through the narrative of the different trajectories and collaborations of the leaders of the PGBH, this manuscript will show how contact between their scientific practices brought cytogenetics and sports together.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10432493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Technics and signs: anthropogenesis in Vygotsky, Leroi-Gourhan, and Stiegler. 技术与符号:维果茨基、勒罗伊-古尔汉和斯蒂格勒的人类起源。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-022-00539-2

Chris Drain

{"title":"Technics and signs: anthropogenesis in Vygotsky, Leroi-Gourhan, and Stiegler.","authors":"Chris Drain","doi":"10.1007/s40656-022-00539-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40656-022-00539-2","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reconstructs L.S. Vygotsky's account of anthropogenesis with respect to the work of anthropologist André Leroi-Gourhan and late philosopher Bernard Stiegler, situating Vygotsky as a forerunner to recent theories that posit cultural scaffolding and niche construction as the main drivers of human cognitive evolution. One might think there is an immediate affinity between Vygotsky and the techno-centric accounts of Leroi-Gourhan and Stiegler. Following Leroi-Gourhan, Stiegler argues that \"technics\" is the main driver in the anthropogenic development of \"reflective consciousness.\" Vygotsky likewise claims that \"psychological tools\" are responsible for the development of uniquely human forms of consciousness. However, closer inspection reveals deep disparities between Vygotsky and the French thinkers. In Stiegler's philosophical redeployment of Leroi-Gourhan's anthropology, \"reflective\" cognition is the product of a prehistorical rupture in which some threshold of technical-cortical complexification is breached. For Vygotsky, on the other hand, the inverse scenario obtains. Technical development initially proceeds in tandem with the complexification of biologically based signaling behavior until the introduction of signs, which then radically restructure the cognitive apparatus. Due to inconsistencies regarding the equivalency of the technical and semiotic in Stiegler and Leroi-Gourhan, I advance a Vygotskian account where anthropogenesis is the result of semiotic rather than technical intervention. This aims to establish Vygotsky's \"Cultural Historical\" approach, and the Marxian-dialectical tradition from which he draws, as not only presaging recent naturalistic accounts of development, but offering a relevant theoretical program that may continue to inspire contemporary enculturated accounts of anthropogenesis.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40461430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Bruce S. Grant, Observing Evolution: Peppered Moths and the Discovery of Parallel Melanism. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2021. 布鲁斯·s·格兰特，《观察进化:胡椒蛾与平行黑化现象的发现》。马里兰州巴尔的摩:约翰霍普金斯大学出版社，2021年。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-022-00543-6

Caleb Hazelwood

引用次数: 0

Locating hygienic medicine within the intellectual history of hygiene: cases of E. W. Lane and T. R. Allinson. 在卫生学思想史中定位卫生医学:E. W. Lane和T. R. Allinson的案例。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-25 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-022-00529-4

Min Bae

{"title":"Locating hygienic medicine within the intellectual history of hygiene: cases of E. W. Lane and T. R. Allinson.","authors":"Min Bae","doi":"10.1007/s40656-022-00529-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40656-022-00529-4","url":null,"abstract":"Nineteenth century hygiene might be a confusing concept. On the one hand, the concept of hygiene was gradually becoming an important concept that was focused on cleanliness and used interchangeably with sanitation. On the other hand, the classical notions of hygiene rooted in the Hippocratic teachings remained influential. This study is about two attempts to newly theorise such a confusing concept of hygiene in the second half of the century by Edward. W. Lane and Thomas R. Allinson. Their works, standing on the borders of self-help medical advice and theoretical treatises on medical philosophies, were not exactly scholarly ones, but their medical thoughts - conceptualised as hygienic medicine - show a characteristically holistic medical view of hygiene, a nineteenth-century version of the reinterpretation of the nature cure philosophy and vitalism. However, the aim of this study is to properly locate their conceptualisations of hygienic medicine within the historical context of the second half of the nineteenth century rather than to simply introduce the medical ideas in their books. Their views of hygiene were distinguished not only from the contemporary sanitary approach but also from similar attempts by contemporary orthodox and unorthodox medical doctors. Through a chronological analysis of changes in the concept of hygiene and a comparative analysis of these two authors' and other medical professionals' views of hygiene, this paper aims to help understand the complicated picture of nineteenth-century hygiene, particularly during the second half of the century, from the perspective of medical holism and reductionism.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40570844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

"Waking up" the sleeping metaphor of normality in connection to intersex or DSD: a scoping review of medical literature. “唤醒”与双性人或DSD相关的正常睡眠隐喻:医学文献的范围回顾。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-25 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-022-00533-8

Eva De Clercq, Georg Starke, Michael Rost

{"title":"\"Waking up\" the sleeping metaphor of normality in connection to intersex or DSD: a scoping review of medical literature.","authors":"Eva De Clercq, Georg Starke, Michael Rost","doi":"10.1007/s40656-022-00533-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40656-022-00533-8","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to encourage a critical debate on the use of normality in the medical literature on DSD or intersex. For this purpose, a scoping review was conducted to identify and map the various ways in which \"normal\" is used in the medical literature on DSD between 2016 and 2020. We identified 75 studies, many of which were case studies highlighting rare cases of DSD, others, mainly retrospective observational studies, focused on improving diagnosis or treatment. The most common use of the adjective normal was in association with phenotypic sex. Overall, appearance was the most commonly cited criteria to evaluate the normality of sex organs. More than 1/3 of the studies included also medical photographs of sex organs. This persistent use of normality in reference to phenotypic sex is worrisome given the long-term medicalization of intersex bodies in the name of a \"normal\" appearance or leading a \"normal\" life. Healthcare professionals should be more careful about the ethical implications of using photographs in publications given that many intersex persons describe their experience with medical photography as dehumanizing.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9596528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10434325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

"Batesonian Mendelism" and "Pearsonian biometry": shedding new light on the controversy between William Bateson and Karl Pearson. “贝特森的孟德尔主义”与“皮尔逊的生物计量学”:对威廉·贝特森与卡尔·皮尔逊之争的新认识。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-21 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-022-00528-5

Nicola Bertoldi

{"title":"\"Batesonian Mendelism\" and \"Pearsonian biometry\": shedding new light on the controversy between William Bateson and Karl Pearson.","authors":"Nicola Bertoldi","doi":"10.1007/s40656-022-00528-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40656-022-00528-5","url":null,"abstract":"This paper contributes to the ongoing reassessment of the controversy between William Bateson and Karl Pearson by characterising what we call \"Batesonian Mendelism\" and \"Pearsonian biometry\" as coherent and competing scientific outlooks. Contrary to the thesis that such a controversy stemmed from diverging theoretical commitments on the nature of heredity and evolution, we argue that Pearson's and Bateson's alternative views on those processes ultimately relied on different appraisals of the methodological value of the statistical apparatus developed by Francis Galton. Accordingly, we contend that Bateson's belief in the primacy of cross-breeding experiments over statistical analysis constituted a minimal methodological unifying condition ensuring the internal coherence of Batesonian Mendelism. Moreover, this same belief implied a view of the study of heredity and evolution as an experimental endeavour and a conception of heredity and evolution as fundamentally discontinuous processes. Similarly, we identify a minimal methodological unifying condition for Pearsonian biometry, which we characterise as the view that experimental methods had to be subordinate to statistical analysis, according to methodological standards set by biometrical research. This other methodological commitment entailed conceiving the study of heredity and evolution as subsumable under biometry and primed Pearson to regard discontinuous hereditary and evolutionary processes as exceptions to a statistical norm. Finally, we conclude that Batesonian Mendelism and Pearsonian biometry represented two potential versions of a single genetics-based evolutionary synthesis since the methodological principles and the phenomena that played a central role in the former were also acknowledged by the latter-albeit as fringe cases-and conversely.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10439458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phenotype-first hypotheses, spandrels and early metazoan evolution. 表型优先假说，斯潘和早期后生动物进化。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-022-00531-w

Joshua Rust

引用次数: 0