History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences最新文献_第10页

Correction to: Editorial introduction: Biomedicine and life sciences as a challenge to human temporality. 编辑导言:生物医学和生命科学是对人类时间性的挑战。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-023-00565-8

Nitzan Rimon-Zarfaty, Mark Schweda

引用次数: 0

Epistemological discipline in animal behavior studies: Konrad Lorenz and Daniel Lehrman on intuition and empathy. 动物行为研究中的认识论学科:Konrad Lorenz和Daniel Lehrman关于直觉和共情的研究。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-023-00558-7

Marga Vicedo

{"title":"Epistemological discipline in animal behavior studies: Konrad Lorenz and Daniel Lehrman on intuition and empathy.","authors":"Marga Vicedo","doi":"10.1007/s40656-023-00558-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40656-023-00558-7","url":null,"abstract":"Can empathy be a tool for obtaining scientific knowledge or is it incompatible with the detached objectivity that is often seen as the ideal in scientific inquiry? This paper examines the views of Austrian ethologist Konrad Lorenz and American comparative psychologist Daniel Lehrman on the role of intuition and empathy in the study of animal behavior. It situates those views within the larger project of establishing ethology as an objective science. Lehrman challenged Lorenz and Niko Tinbergen, the main founders of this field, to clarify their epistemological positions regarding how to deal with the subjectivity of the animals they studied as well as the scientist's own subjectivity. I argue that there was a tension between their desire to eliminate the subjectivities of ethological researchers (and of their subjects) and the public perception that Lorenz had a remarkable ability to enter into the lives of the animals he studied. I explain why Lorenz rejected empathy as valid in scientific inquiry, showing that his epistemological position was grounded in his ideal of science and his proposed ontology for ethology. Yet, Lehrman insisted that full detachment was neither possible nor desirable.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9508236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Post-Darwinian fish classifications: theories and methodologies of Günther, Cope, and Gill. 后达尔文鱼类分类:g<s:1> nther, Cope和Gill的理论和方法。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-24 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-022-00556-1

James R Jackson, Aleta Quinn

引用次数: 0

Editorial introduction: Biomedicine and life sciences as a challenge to human temporality. 编辑导言:生物医学和生命科学是对人类时间性的挑战。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-19 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-023-00557-8

Nitzan Rimon-Zarfay, Mark Schweda

引用次数: 0

The legal relevance of a minor patient's wish to die: a temporality-related exploration of end-of-life decisions in pediatric care. 未成年病人的死亡愿望的法律相关性:在儿科护理临终决定的时间相关的探索。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-022-00554-3

Jozef H H M Dorscheidt

{"title":"The legal relevance of a minor patient's wish to die: a temporality-related exploration of end-of-life decisions in pediatric care.","authors":"Jozef H H M Dorscheidt","doi":"10.1007/s40656-022-00554-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40656-022-00554-3","url":null,"abstract":"Decisions regarding the end-of-life of minor patients are amongst the most difficult areas of decision-making in pediatric health care. In this field of medicine, such decisions inevitably occur early in human life, which makes one aware of the fact that any life-young or old-cannot escape its temporal nature. Belgium and the Netherlands have adopted domestic regulations, which conditionally permit euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide in minors who experience hopeless and unbearable suffering. One of these conditions states that the minor involved must be legally competent and able to express an authentic and lasting wish to die. This contribution is different from other legal texts on end-of-life decisions in modern health care. Foremost, it deals with the role time-bound components play in our views on the permissibility of such decisions with regard to minor patients. While other disciplines provide profound reflections on this issue, from a legal point of view this side has hardly been explored, let alone examined with regard to its relevance for the legal permissibility of end-of-life decisions in pediatrics. Therefore, the manuscript inquires whether there are legal lessons to be learned if we look more closely to temporality-related aspects of these end-of-life decisions, particularly in connection to a minor patient's assumable ability to choose death over an agonizing existence.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9845146/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9522791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Human genetics in post-WWII Italy: blood, genes and platforms. 二战后意大利的人类遗传学:血液、基因和平台。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-05 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-022-00555-2

Mauro Capocci

{"title":"Human genetics in post-WWII Italy: blood, genes and platforms.","authors":"Mauro Capocci","doi":"10.1007/s40656-022-00555-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40656-022-00555-2","url":null,"abstract":"Italian Life sciences in post-WWII faced important challenges: the reconstruction of a scientific panorama suffering heavily after two decades of Fascism and the damages of war. Modernization was not only a matter of recreating a favorable environment for research, by modernizing Italian biomedical institutions and connecting the Italian scientists with the new ideas coming from abroad. The introduction of new genetics required a new array of concepts and instruments, but also, the ability to connect to international networks and to become active members of a broader scientific community. Because of the several socio-cultural issues involved (eugenics, racism, religion, politics), human genetics is a good case study in order to analyze how Italian life sciences managed the transition towards a new research system, and the influences Italian human geneticists received. The paper focuses primarily on the development of the early career of Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza, probably the most prominent scientist in post-WWII human genetics in Italy, and his friend and colleague Ruggero Ceppellini. In following their path, a healthy mix of local traditions and international stimuli emerges, allowing for the establishment-within and beyond national borders-of the discipline.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10513255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mandatory vaccinations, the segregation of citizens, and the promotion of inequality in the modern democracy of Greece and other democratic countries in the era of COVID-19. 在新冠疫情时代，希腊和其他民主国家的现代民主中，强制接种疫苗、隔离公民、助长不平等现象。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-07 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-022-00548-1

Charalampos Mavridis, Georgios Aidonidis, Marianna Evangelou, Athanasios Kalogeridis

引用次数: 1

Sterelny, Kim. The Pleistocene Social Contract. New York: Oxford University Press. 2021. xi + 200 pp. Sterelny,金姆。更新世社会契约。纽约:牛津大学出版社，2021。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-06 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-022-00552-5

Loïc Latouche-Simard

引用次数: 0

From exceptional to common presence: Italian women in twentieth-century life sciences. 从特殊到普遍：二十世纪生命科学领域的意大利女性。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-02 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-022-00550-7

Ariane Dröscher

{"title":"From exceptional to common presence: Italian women in twentieth-century life sciences.","authors":"Ariane Dröscher","doi":"10.1007/s40656-022-00550-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40656-022-00550-7","url":null,"abstract":"This essay surveys the situation of Italian women life scientists from the late nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century. It follows the path that took women from being an exceptional presence to becoming a common, yet not equal, presence in the Italian science departments. Very different proportions of women occupied the three ranks in the academic hierarchy-students, research staff and professors. From the late nineteenth century onwards, women started to enrol in Italian universities. Initially, the second most popular department among female students-outdone only by the humanities-was that of mathematics, physics and natural sciences. Concerning women among research staff, a brief statistical analysis reveals the growing proportion of the female workforce in academic institutions and brings into view poorly known female assistants and technicians. The most difficult career step for women was to gain a tenured university position. A comparison between bacteriologist Giuseppina Cattani's 'failure' to gain such a position and the ultimately successful strategy of zoologist and limnologist Rina Monti, who became one of the very first female university professors in Europe, illustrates the opportunities as well as the obstacles women naturalists encountered on the way into the academia. These experiences and those of others show that well into the twentieth century the support of powerful male mentors continued to be indispensable for women scientists. Positions in peripheral institutes or specializations in emerging research fields, in particular hydrobiology, entomology and cytogenetics, provided opportunities for Italian women to work their way up to professorships.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":"44 4","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9718868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10268565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Do heritable immune responses extend physiological individuality? 遗传免疫反应是否扩展了生理个性?

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-24 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-022-00549-0

Sophie Juliane Veigl

引用次数: 1