History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences最新文献_第10页

Kersten T. Hall, Insulin-the crooked timber: a history from thick brown muck to wall street gold, Oxford: Oxford university press, 2021. 克斯滕·T·霍尔，《弯曲木材的胰岛素：从厚厚的棕色淤泥到华尔街黄金的历史》，牛津：牛津大学出版社，2021年。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-023-00594-3

Neelanjana Ray

引用次数: 0

Andrew S. Reynolds, The third lens: metaphor and the creation of modern cell biology, Chicago: the Chicago University Press, 2018. Andrew S.Reynolds，《第三个镜头：隐喻与现代细胞生物学的创造》，芝加哥：芝加哥大学出版社，2018年。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-023-00595-2

Varsha Nallthambi Tamilkumar

引用次数: 0

Minding the gap: discovering the phenomenon of chemical transmission in the nervous system. 留意缺口:发现神经系统中的化学传递现象。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-023-00591-6

William Bechtel

引用次数: 0

Finding value-ladenness in evolutionary psychology: Examining Nelson's arguments. 进化心理学中的价值发现：考察纳尔逊的论点。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-21 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-023-00590-7

Yuichi Amitani

{"title":"Finding value-ladenness in evolutionary psychology: Examining Nelson's arguments.","authors":"Yuichi Amitani","doi":"10.1007/s40656-023-00590-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40656-023-00590-7","url":null,"abstract":"Faced with the charge of value-ladenness in their theories, researchers in evolutionary psychology (EP) argue that their science is entirely free of values; their hypotheses only concern scientific facts, without any socio-cultural value judgments. Lynn Hankinson Nelson, a renowned feminist scholar of science, denies this. In her book and papers, Nelson finds that their hypotheses do contain evaluative components. One such example is the fear of snakes. While this fear was adaptive to the environment in the past, evolutionary psychologists argue that this trait is now \"maladaptive\" because city-dwellers would rarely encounter snakes in their environment. However, Nelson argues that labeling this trait \"maladaptive\" implies that this fear is irrational since this claim cannot be understood otherwise. This paper argues that this and other arguments made by Nelson for demonstrating the value-ladenness in EP's hypotheses have serious flaws. For instance, we argue that investigating the psychological mechanisms behind the fear and their developmental and energy costs would allow for proper interpretation of evolutionary psychologists' claims for the maladaptive fear of snakes without any normative implication. We also maintain that some of her arguments fail to demonstrate their connection to the point at the center of the debates between EP and feminism. While Nelson may be right in stating that EP's hypotheses have evaluative components, she does not prove their strong political or normative implications, which is central to the debate over EP.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":"45 3","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9860212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Kōzai Toyoko . Shutō to iu "eisei": Kinsei Nihon ni okeru yobō sesshu no rekishi [The Road to Immunization: A History of Smallpox in Early Modern Japan]. Tokyo: Tōkyō daigaku shuppankai, 2019. Kōzai东京。《免疫之路:近代早期日本的天花史》。东京:Tōkyō daigaku shuppankai, 2019。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-023-00578-3

Daniel Trambaiolo

引用次数: 0

The machine-organism relation revisited. 重新审视了机器与有机体的关系。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-13 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-023-00587-2

Maurizio Esposito, Lorenzo Baravalle

{"title":"The machine-organism relation revisited.","authors":"Maurizio Esposito, Lorenzo Baravalle","doi":"10.1007/s40656-023-00587-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40656-023-00587-2","url":null,"abstract":"This article addresses some crucial assumptions that are rarely acknowledged when organisms and machines are compared. We begin by presenting a short historical reconstruction of the concept of \"machine.\" We show that there has never been a unique and widely accepted definition of \"machine\" and that the extant definitions are based on specific technologies. Then we argue that, despite the concept's ambiguity, we can still defend a more robust, specific, and useful notion of machine analogy that accounts for successful strategies in connecting specific devices (or mechanisms) with particular living phenomena. For that purpose, we distinguish between what we call \"generic identity\" and proper \"machine analogy.\" We suggest that \"generic identity\"-which, roughly stated, presumes that some sort of vague similarity might exist between organisms and machines-is a source of the confusion haunting many persistent disagreements and that, accordingly, it should be dismissed. Instead, we endorse a particular form of \"machine analogy\" where the relation between organic phenomena and mechanical devices is not generic but specific and grounded on the identification of shared \"invariants.\" We propose that the machine analogy is a kind of analogy as proportion and we elucidate how this is used or might be used in scientific practices. We finally argue that while organisms are not machines in a generic sense, they might share many robust \"invariants,\" which justify the scientists' use of machine analogies for grasping living phenomena.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":"45 3","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10174289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cropping synonymy: varietal standardization in the United States, 1900-1970. 作物同义词：1900-1970年美国品种标准化。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-12 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-023-00574-7

Tad Brown

{"title":"Cropping synonymy: varietal standardization in the United States, 1900-1970.","authors":"Tad Brown","doi":"10.1007/s40656-023-00574-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40656-023-00574-7","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines crop varietal standardization in the United States. Numerous committees formed in the early twentieth century to address the problem of nomenclatural rules in the horticultural and agricultural industries. Making shared reference to a varietal name proved a difficult proposition for seed-borne crops because plant conformity tended to change in the hands of different breeders. Moreover, scientific and commercial opinions diverged on the value of deviations within crop varieties. I review the function of descriptive difference in the seed trade and in the framework of evolutionary theory before examining the institutional history of varietal standardization. Pimento peppers are used to represent how vegetables were treated differently than cereals. Lack of stability within a popular pimento variety caused problems for food packers in middle Georgia, which public breeders addressed by releasing new peppers. To conclude, the article questions the role of taxonomy in intellectual property, as breeding history and yield became defining attributes for making varietal distinctions.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":"45 3","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10338580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9815549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Maya J. Goldenberg, Vaccine Hesitancy: Public Trust, Expertise, and the War on Science, Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2021. 玛雅J.戈登伯格，疫苗犹豫:公众信任，专业知识和科学战争，匹兹堡:匹兹堡大学出版社，2021年。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-05 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-023-00583-6

Soumya Swain

引用次数: 0

Claude Bernard's non reception of Darwinism. 克劳德·伯纳德对达尔文主义的不接受。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-023-00588-1

Ghyslain Bolduc, Caroline Angleraux

{"title":"Claude Bernard's non reception of Darwinism.","authors":"Ghyslain Bolduc, Caroline Angleraux","doi":"10.1007/s40656-023-00588-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40656-023-00588-1","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to explain why, while Charles Darwin was well recognized as a scientific leader of his time, Claude Bernard never really regarded Darwinism as a scientific theory. The lukewarm reception of Darwin at the Académie des Sciences of Paris and his nomination to a chair only after 8 years contrasts with his prominence, and Bernard's attitude towards Darwin's theory of species evolution belongs to this French context. Yet we argue that Bernard rejects the scientific value of Darwinian principles mainly for epistemological reasons. Like Darwin, Bernard was interested in hereditary processes, and planned to conduct experiments on these processes that could lead to species transformation. But the potential creation of new forms of life would not vindicate Darwinism since biologists can only explain the origin of morphotypes and morphological laws by the means of untestable analogies. Because it can be the object neither of experiments nor of any empirical observation, phylogeny remains out of science's scope. Around 1878 Bernard foresaw a new general physiology based on the study of protoplasm, which he saw as the agent of all basic living phenomena. We will analyze why Bernard regarded Darwinism as part of metaphysics, yet still referred to Darwinians in his latter works in 1878. Basically, the absence of a scientific reception of Darwinism in Bernard's work should not obscure its philosophical reception, which highlights the main principles of Bernard's epistemology.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":"45 3","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9739376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Cailin O'Connor and James Owen Weatherall, The Misinformation Age: How False Beliefs Spread, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2018. 凯琳·奥康纳和詹姆斯·欧文·韦瑟罗尔，《错误信息时代:错误信念如何传播》，纽黑文:耶鲁大学出版社，2018年。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-023-00585-4

Davis Kuykendall

引用次数: 0