History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences最新文献_第9页

When remediating one artifact results in another: control, confounders, and correction. 当补救一个人工制品导致另一个人工制品时：控制、混淆物和校正。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-023-00606-2

David Colaço

{"title":"When remediating one artifact results in another: control, confounders, and correction.","authors":"David Colaço","doi":"10.1007/s40656-023-00606-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40656-023-00606-2","url":null,"abstract":"Scientists aim to remediate artifacts in their experimental datasets. However, the remediation of one artifact can result in another. Why might this happen, and what does this consequence tell us about how we should account for artifacts and their control? In this paper, I explore a case in functional neuroimaging where remediation appears to have caused this problem. I argue that remediation amounts to a change to an experimental arrangement. These changes need not be surgical, and the arrangement need not satisfy the criterion of causal modularity. Thus, remediation can affect more than just the factor responsible for the artifact. However, if researchers can determine the consequences of their remediation, they can make adjustments that control for the present artifact as well as for previously controlled ones. Current philosophical accounts of artifacts and the factors responsible for them cannot adequately address this issue, as they do not account for what is needed for artifact remediation (and specifically correction). I support my argument by paralleling it with ongoing concerns regarding the transparency of complex computational systems, as near future remediation across the experimental life sciences will likely make greater use of AI tools to correct for artifacts.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":"46 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10784372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139418725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How is who: evidence as clues for action in participatory sustainability science and public health research. How is who: evidence as clues for action in participatory sustainability science and public health research.

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-023-00603-5

Guido Caniglia, Federica Russo

{"title":"How is who: evidence as clues for action in participatory sustainability science and public health research.","authors":"Guido Caniglia, Federica Russo","doi":"10.1007/s40656-023-00603-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40656-023-00603-5","url":null,"abstract":"Participatory and collaborative approaches in sustainability science and public health research contribute to co-producing evidence that can support interventions by involving diverse societal actors that range from individual citizens to entire communities. However, existing philosophical accounts of evidence are not adequate to deal with the kind of evidence generated and used in such approaches. In this paper, we present an account of evidence as clues for action through participatory and collaborative research inspired by philosopher Susan Haack's theory of evidence. Differently from most accounts of evidence for use in policies and interventions, our account combines action-oriented (the how) and actors-oriented (the who) considerations. We build on Haack's theory and on the analysis of examples of participatory and collaborative research in sustainability science and public health research to flesh out six procedural criteria for the generation and mobilization of evidence in and from participatory research. Action-oriented criteria invite to look at evidence from a (a) foundherentist, (b) gradational and (c) quasi-holistic perspective. Actors-oriented criteria point out that evidence generation and utilization are (d) social, (e) personal, and (f) embedded. We suggest that these criteria may reinforce participatory and collaborative approaches to evidence co-production when addressing complex problems in sustainability science and public health allowing for the generation of a kind of practical objectivity.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":"46 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10776828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139405457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On the nature of evolutionary explanations: a critical appraisal of Walter Bock's approach with a new revised proposal. 论进化解释的本质：对沃尔特-博克方法的批判性评价及新的修订建议。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-023-00601-7

Marcelo Domingos de Santis

{"title":"On the nature of evolutionary explanations: a critical appraisal of Walter Bock's approach with a new revised proposal.","authors":"Marcelo Domingos de Santis","doi":"10.1007/s40656-023-00601-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40656-023-00601-7","url":null,"abstract":"Walter Bock was committed to developing a framework for evolutionary biology. Bock repeatedly discussed how evolutionary explanations should be considered within the realm of Hempel's deductive-nomological model of scientific explanations. Explanation in evolution would then consist of functional and evolutionary explanations, and within the latter, an explanation can be of nomological-deductive and historical narrative explanations. Thus, a complete evolutionary explanation should include, first, a deductive functional analysis, and then proceed through nomological and historical evolutionary explanations. However, I will argue that his views on the deductive proprieties of functional analysis and the deductive-nomological parts of evolution fail because of the nature of evolution, which contains a historical element that the logic of deduction and Hempel's converting law model do not compass. Conversely, Bock's historical approach gives a critical consideration of the historical narrative element of evolutionary explanation, which is fundamental to the methodology of the historical nature of evolutionary theory. Herein, I will expand and discuss a modern view of evolutionary explanations of traits that includes the currentacknowledgement of the differences between experimental and the historical sciences, including the token and type event dichotomy, that mutually illuminate each other in order to give us a well confirmed and coherent hypothesis for evolutionary explanations. Within this framework, I will argue that the duality of evolutionary explanations is related to two components of character evolution: origin, with its evolutionary pathways along with the history, and maintenance, the function (mainly a current function) for the character being selected.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":"46 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10774170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139378887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Resilience and the shift of paradigm in ecology: a new name for an old concept or a different explanatory tool? 复原力与生态学范式的转变：旧概念的新名称还是不同的解释工具？

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-023-00600-8

Lara Barbara

{"title":"Resilience and the shift of paradigm in ecology: a new name for an old concept or a different explanatory tool?","authors":"Lara Barbara","doi":"10.1007/s40656-023-00600-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40656-023-00600-8","url":null,"abstract":"In the shift from the balance of nature to the flux of nature paradigm, the concept of resilience has gained great traction in ecology. While it has been suggested that the concept of resilience does not imply a genuine departure from the balance of nature paradigm, I shall argue against this stance. To do so, I first show that the balance of nature paradigm and the related conception of a single-state equilibrium relies on what Eliot Sober has named the \"Natural State Model (NSM)\", suggesting that the NSM has instead been dismissed in the flux of nature paradigm. I then focus on resilience as the main explanatory concept of the flux paradigm. After distinguishing between two main different understandings of \"resilience\", namely engineering resilience and ecological resilience, I argue that the former is close to the concept of balance or stability and still part of the NSM, while the latter is not. Finally, I claim that ecological resilience is inconsistent with the NSM, concluding that this concept-being incompatible with the NSM-is not part of the balance of nature paradigm but rather a genuinely new explanatory tool.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":"46 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139049831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Refusing epigenetics: indigeneity and the colonial politics of trauma 拒绝表观遗传学：土著性与创伤的殖民政治

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-023-00596-1

Jaya Keaney, Henrietta Byrne, Megan Warin, Emma Kowal

{"title":"Refusing epigenetics: indigeneity and the colonial politics of trauma","authors":"Jaya Keaney, Henrietta Byrne, Megan Warin, Emma Kowal","doi":"10.1007/s40656-023-00596-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40656-023-00596-1","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental epigenetics is increasingly employed to understand the health outcomes of communities who have experienced historical trauma and structural violence. Epigenetics provides a way to think about traumatic events and sustained deprivation as biological “exposures” that contribute to ill-health across generations. In Australia, some Indigenous researchers and clinicians are embracing epigenetic science as a framework for theorising the slow violence of colonialism as it plays out in intergenerational legacies of trauma and illness. However, there is dispute, contention, and caution as well as enthusiasm among these research communities.In this article, we trace strategies of “refusal” (Simpson, 2014) in response to epigenetics in Indigenous contexts. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Australia with researchers and clinicians in Indigenous health, we explore how some construct epigenetics as useless knowledge and a distraction from implementing anti-colonial change, rather than a tool with which to enact change. Secondly, we explore how epigenetics narrows definitions of colonial harm through the optic of molecular trauma, reproducing conditions in which Indigenous people are made intelligible through a lens of “damaged” bodies. Faced with these two concerns, many turn away from epigenetics altogether, refusing its novelty and supposed benefit for Indigenous health equity and resisting the pull of postgenomics.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138741841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A fetus in the world: Physiology, epidemiology, and the making of fetal origins of adult disease 世界上的胎儿生理学、流行病学和成人疾病的胎儿起源的形成

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-023-00598-z

Tatjana Buklijas, Salim Al-Gailani

{"title":"A fetus in the world: Physiology, epidemiology, and the making of fetal origins of adult disease","authors":"Tatjana Buklijas, Salim Al-Gailani","doi":"10.1007/s40656-023-00598-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40656-023-00598-z","url":null,"abstract":"Since the late 1980s, the fetal origins of adult disease, from 2003 developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD), has stimulated significant interest in and an efflorescence of research on the long-term effects of the intrauterine environment. From the start, this field has been interdisciplinary, using experimental animal, clinical and epidemiological tools. As the influence of DOHaD on public health and policy expanded, it has drawn criticism for reducing the complex social and physical world of early life to women’s reproductive bodies as drivers of intergenerational ills. This paper explains this narrowing of focus in terms of a formative and consequential exchange between David Barker, the British epidemiologist whose work is credited with establishing the field, and the discipline of fetal physiology. We suggest that fetal physiologists were a crucial constituency of support for Barker’s hypothesis about early life origins of disease. Their collaborations with Barker helped secure and sustain the theory amid considerable controversy. The trajectory of DOHaD and its focus on the maternal body can be understood, we argue, as a consequence of this alliance, which brought together two distinct conceptualizations of the intrauterine environment, one from epidemiology and the other from fetal physiology. Along the way, we trace the histories of these conceptualizations, both of which were products of mid-to-late twentieth century British science, and show how Barker’s early emphasis on social and economic conditions was superseded by a narrower focus on physiological mechanisms acting upon the autonomous fetus.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138630823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Between the genotype and the phenotype lies the microbiome: symbiosis and the making of 'postgenomic' knowledge. 在基因型和表型之间是微生物组：共生与 "后基因组 "知识的形成。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-023-00599-y

Cécile Fasel, Luca Chiapperino

{"title":"Between the genotype and the phenotype lies the microbiome: symbiosis and the making of 'postgenomic' knowledge.","authors":"Cécile Fasel, Luca Chiapperino","doi":"10.1007/s40656-023-00599-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40656-023-00599-y","url":null,"abstract":"Emphatic claims of a \"microbiome revolution\" aside, the study of the gut microbiota and its role in organismal development and evolution is a central feature of so-called postgenomics; namely, a conceptual and/or practical turn in contemporary life sciences, which departs from genetic determinism and reductionism to explore holism, emergentism and complexity in biological knowledge-production. This paper analyses the making of postgenomic knowledge about developmental symbiosis in Drosophila melanogaster by a specific group of microbiome scientists. Drawing from both practical philosophy of science and Science and Technology Studies, the paper documents epistemological questions of artefactuality and representativeness of model organisms as they emerge in the day-to-day labour producing and being produced by the \"microbiome revolution.\" Specifically, the paper builds on all the written and editorial exchanges involved in the troubled publication of a research paper studying the symbiotic role of the microbiota in the flies' development. These written materials permit us to delimit the network of justifications, evidence, standards of knowledge-production, trust in the tools and research designs that make up the conditions of possibility of a postgenomic fact. More than reframing the organism as a radically novel multiplicity of reactive genomes, we conclude, doing postgenomic research on the microbiota and symbiosis means producing a story that deviates from the scripts embedded into the sociotechnical experimental systems of post-Human Genome Project life sciences.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":"45 4","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10700207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138489238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Croizat's form-making, RNA networks, and biogeography. Croizat的形态形成，RNA网络和生物地理学。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-023-00597-0

Karin Mahlfeld, Lynne R Parenti

引用次数: 0

Collecting human remains in nineteenth-century Paris: the case of the Société Anatomique de Paris and the Musée Dupuytren. 在19世纪的巴黎收集人类遗骸:巴黎社会组织和mus<s:1> Dupuytren组织的案例。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-023-00592-5

Juliette Ferry-Danini

{"title":"Collecting human remains in nineteenth-century Paris: the case of the Société Anatomique de Paris and the Musée Dupuytren.","authors":"Juliette Ferry-Danini","doi":"10.1007/s40656-023-00592-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40656-023-00592-5","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the scientific practices of the anatomists from the Société Anatomique de Paris (1803-1873) who were collecting anatomical and pathological specimens in Nineteenth-Century Paris and which led to the building of the anatomy and pathology Musée Dupuytren (1835-2016). The framework introduced by Robert Kohler to describe collecting sciences (2007) is useful as a tool to identify the set of diverse practices within pathological anatomy in nineteenth-century Paris. However, I will argue that anatomy and pathology collecting had specific features compared to most collecting sciences. Two main collecting practices could be distinguished: first, \"finding\" anatomical specimens and second, keeping these specimens. The first kind of practices were at least rhetorically and explicitly motivated by Auguste Comte's positive philosophy. But \"finding\" an anatomy or pathology specimen could not be completely compared to finding an object or making a simple observation, as dissecting as well as some experimental practices were also involved. Heterogeneous practices thus coexisted within collecting in anatomy and pathology. Epistemological as well as pragmatic tensions arose. On top of Kohler's framework, I introduce Sabina Leonelli's concept of \"data journey\" to offer a narrative of the diversity of collecting practices involved in the Société Anatomique de Paris and the Musée Dupuytren. I use the concept to analyse how this diversity of practices impacted knowledge production.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":"45 4","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138447255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mathias Grote, Membranes to molecular machines: active matter and the remaking of life, The University of Chicago Press, 2019. Mathias Grote，《膜到分子机器:活性物质和生命的重塑》，芝加哥大学出版社，2019年。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-22 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-023-00593-4

Shivangi Pandey

引用次数: 0