History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences最新文献_第8页

Between the genotype and the phenotype lies the microbiome: symbiosis and the making of 'postgenomic' knowledge. 在基因型和表型之间是微生物组：共生与 "后基因组 "知识的形成。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-023-00599-y

Cécile Fasel, Luca Chiapperino

{"title":"Between the genotype and the phenotype lies the microbiome: symbiosis and the making of 'postgenomic' knowledge.","authors":"Cécile Fasel, Luca Chiapperino","doi":"10.1007/s40656-023-00599-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40656-023-00599-y","url":null,"abstract":"Emphatic claims of a \"microbiome revolution\" aside, the study of the gut microbiota and its role in organismal development and evolution is a central feature of so-called postgenomics; namely, a conceptual and/or practical turn in contemporary life sciences, which departs from genetic determinism and reductionism to explore holism, emergentism and complexity in biological knowledge-production. This paper analyses the making of postgenomic knowledge about developmental symbiosis in Drosophila melanogaster by a specific group of microbiome scientists. Drawing from both practical philosophy of science and Science and Technology Studies, the paper documents epistemological questions of artefactuality and representativeness of model organisms as they emerge in the day-to-day labour producing and being produced by the \"microbiome revolution.\" Specifically, the paper builds on all the written and editorial exchanges involved in the troubled publication of a research paper studying the symbiotic role of the microbiota in the flies' development. These written materials permit us to delimit the network of justifications, evidence, standards of knowledge-production, trust in the tools and research designs that make up the conditions of possibility of a postgenomic fact. More than reframing the organism as a radically novel multiplicity of reactive genomes, we conclude, doing postgenomic research on the microbiota and symbiosis means producing a story that deviates from the scripts embedded into the sociotechnical experimental systems of post-Human Genome Project life sciences.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":"45 4","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10700207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138489238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Croizat's form-making, RNA networks, and biogeography. Croizat的形态形成，RNA网络和生物地理学。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-023-00597-0

Karin Mahlfeld, Lynne R Parenti

引用次数: 0

Collecting human remains in nineteenth-century Paris: the case of the Société Anatomique de Paris and the Musée Dupuytren. 在19世纪的巴黎收集人类遗骸:巴黎社会组织和mus<s:1> Dupuytren组织的案例。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-023-00592-5

Juliette Ferry-Danini

{"title":"Collecting human remains in nineteenth-century Paris: the case of the Société Anatomique de Paris and the Musée Dupuytren.","authors":"Juliette Ferry-Danini","doi":"10.1007/s40656-023-00592-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40656-023-00592-5","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the scientific practices of the anatomists from the Société Anatomique de Paris (1803-1873) who were collecting anatomical and pathological specimens in Nineteenth-Century Paris and which led to the building of the anatomy and pathology Musée Dupuytren (1835-2016). The framework introduced by Robert Kohler to describe collecting sciences (2007) is useful as a tool to identify the set of diverse practices within pathological anatomy in nineteenth-century Paris. However, I will argue that anatomy and pathology collecting had specific features compared to most collecting sciences. Two main collecting practices could be distinguished: first, \"finding\" anatomical specimens and second, keeping these specimens. The first kind of practices were at least rhetorically and explicitly motivated by Auguste Comte's positive philosophy. But \"finding\" an anatomy or pathology specimen could not be completely compared to finding an object or making a simple observation, as dissecting as well as some experimental practices were also involved. Heterogeneous practices thus coexisted within collecting in anatomy and pathology. Epistemological as well as pragmatic tensions arose. On top of Kohler's framework, I introduce Sabina Leonelli's concept of \"data journey\" to offer a narrative of the diversity of collecting practices involved in the Société Anatomique de Paris and the Musée Dupuytren. I use the concept to analyse how this diversity of practices impacted knowledge production.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":"45 4","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138447255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mathias Grote, Membranes to molecular machines: active matter and the remaking of life, The University of Chicago Press, 2019. Mathias Grote，《膜到分子机器:活性物质和生命的重塑》，芝加哥大学出版社，2019年。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-22 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-023-00593-4

Shivangi Pandey

引用次数: 0

Kersten T. Hall, Insulin-the crooked timber: a history from thick brown muck to wall street gold, Oxford: Oxford university press, 2021. 克斯滕·T·霍尔，《弯曲木材的胰岛素：从厚厚的棕色淤泥到华尔街黄金的历史》，牛津：牛津大学出版社，2021年。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-023-00594-3

Neelanjana Ray

引用次数: 0

Andrew S. Reynolds, The third lens: metaphor and the creation of modern cell biology, Chicago: the Chicago University Press, 2018. Andrew S.Reynolds，《第三个镜头：隐喻与现代细胞生物学的创造》，芝加哥：芝加哥大学出版社，2018年。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-023-00595-2

Varsha Nallthambi Tamilkumar

引用次数: 0

Minding the gap: discovering the phenomenon of chemical transmission in the nervous system. 留意缺口:发现神经系统中的化学传递现象。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-023-00591-6

William Bechtel

引用次数: 0

Finding value-ladenness in evolutionary psychology: Examining Nelson's arguments. 进化心理学中的价值发现：考察纳尔逊的论点。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-21 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-023-00590-7

Yuichi Amitani

{"title":"Finding value-ladenness in evolutionary psychology: Examining Nelson's arguments.","authors":"Yuichi Amitani","doi":"10.1007/s40656-023-00590-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40656-023-00590-7","url":null,"abstract":"Faced with the charge of value-ladenness in their theories, researchers in evolutionary psychology (EP) argue that their science is entirely free of values; their hypotheses only concern scientific facts, without any socio-cultural value judgments. Lynn Hankinson Nelson, a renowned feminist scholar of science, denies this. In her book and papers, Nelson finds that their hypotheses do contain evaluative components. One such example is the fear of snakes. While this fear was adaptive to the environment in the past, evolutionary psychologists argue that this trait is now \"maladaptive\" because city-dwellers would rarely encounter snakes in their environment. However, Nelson argues that labeling this trait \"maladaptive\" implies that this fear is irrational since this claim cannot be understood otherwise. This paper argues that this and other arguments made by Nelson for demonstrating the value-ladenness in EP's hypotheses have serious flaws. For instance, we argue that investigating the psychological mechanisms behind the fear and their developmental and energy costs would allow for proper interpretation of evolutionary psychologists' claims for the maladaptive fear of snakes without any normative implication. We also maintain that some of her arguments fail to demonstrate their connection to the point at the center of the debates between EP and feminism. While Nelson may be right in stating that EP's hypotheses have evaluative components, she does not prove their strong political or normative implications, which is central to the debate over EP.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":"45 3","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9860212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Kōzai Toyoko . Shutō to iu "eisei": Kinsei Nihon ni okeru yobō sesshu no rekishi [The Road to Immunization: A History of Smallpox in Early Modern Japan]. Tokyo: Tōkyō daigaku shuppankai, 2019. Kōzai东京。《免疫之路:近代早期日本的天花史》。东京:Tōkyō daigaku shuppankai, 2019。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-023-00578-3

Daniel Trambaiolo

引用次数: 0

The machine-organism relation revisited. 重新审视了机器与有机体的关系。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-13 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-023-00587-2

Maurizio Esposito, Lorenzo Baravalle

{"title":"The machine-organism relation revisited.","authors":"Maurizio Esposito, Lorenzo Baravalle","doi":"10.1007/s40656-023-00587-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40656-023-00587-2","url":null,"abstract":"This article addresses some crucial assumptions that are rarely acknowledged when organisms and machines are compared. We begin by presenting a short historical reconstruction of the concept of \"machine.\" We show that there has never been a unique and widely accepted definition of \"machine\" and that the extant definitions are based on specific technologies. Then we argue that, despite the concept's ambiguity, we can still defend a more robust, specific, and useful notion of machine analogy that accounts for successful strategies in connecting specific devices (or mechanisms) with particular living phenomena. For that purpose, we distinguish between what we call \"generic identity\" and proper \"machine analogy.\" We suggest that \"generic identity\"-which, roughly stated, presumes that some sort of vague similarity might exist between organisms and machines-is a source of the confusion haunting many persistent disagreements and that, accordingly, it should be dismissed. Instead, we endorse a particular form of \"machine analogy\" where the relation between organic phenomena and mechanical devices is not generic but specific and grounded on the identification of shared \"invariants.\" We propose that the machine analogy is a kind of analogy as proportion and we elucidate how this is used or might be used in scientific practices. We finally argue that while organisms are not machines in a generic sense, they might share many robust \"invariants,\" which justify the scientists' use of machine analogies for grasping living phenomena.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":"45 3","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10174289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0