History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences最新文献_第7页

Sara Green, Animal models of human disease, 2024, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 萨拉-格林，《人类疾病的动物模型》，2024 年，剑桥：剑桥大学出版社。

IF 1.6 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-024-00626-6

Héloïse Athéa

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William Bechtel & Linus Ta-Lun Huang, Philosophy of neuroscience, 2022. Cambridge University Press. William Bechtel & Linus Ta-Lun Huang，《神经科学哲学》，2022 年。剑桥大学出版社。

IF 1.6 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-024-00625-7

Matthew Perkins-McVey

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Bernd Rosslenbroich, Properties of life. Toward a theory of organismic biology. Vienna series in theoretical biology, 2023, The MIT Press, 326 Pages, ISBN 9780262546201 (Paperback). Bernd Rosslenbroich，《生命的属性》。迈向有机体生物学理论。维也纳理论生物学丛书》，2023 年，麻省理工学院出版社，326 页，ISBN 9780262546201（平装本）。

IF 1.6 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-024-00623-9

Christoph J Hueck

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Narratives in exposomics: A reversed heuristic determinism? 阐释学中的叙事：逆向启发式决定论？

IF 1.6 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-024-00620-y

Francesca Merlin, Élodie Giroux

{"title":"Narratives in exposomics: A reversed heuristic determinism?","authors":"Francesca Merlin, Élodie Giroux","doi":"10.1007/s40656-024-00620-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40656-024-00620-y","url":null,"abstract":"Since the completion of the Human Genome Project (HGP), biomedical sciences have moved away from a gene-centred view and towards a multi-factorial one in which environment, broadly speaking, plays a central role in the determination of human health and disease. Environmental exposures have been shown to be highly prevalent in disease causation. They are considered as complementary to genetic factors in the etiology of diseases, hence the introduction of the concept of the \"exposome\" as encompassing the totality of human environmental exposures, from conception onwards (Wild in Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 14:1847-1850, 2005), and the launch of the Human Exposome Project (HEP) which aims to complement the HGP. At first sight, and seen as complementary to the genome, the exposome could thus appear as contributing to the rise of novel postgenomic deterministic narratives which place the environment at their core. Is this really the case? If so, what sort of determinism is at work in exposomics research? Is it a case of environmental determinism, and if so, in what sense? Or is it a new sort of deterministic view? In this paper, we first show that causal narratives in exposomics are still very similar to gene-centred deterministic narratives. They correspond to a form of Laplacian determinism and, above all, to what Claude Bernard called the \"determinism of a phenomenon\". Second, we introduce the notion of \"reversed heuristic determinism\" to characterize the specific deterministic narratives present in exposomics. Indeed, the accepted sorts of external environmental exposures conceived as being at the origins of diseases are determined, methodologically speaking, by their identifiable internal and biological markers. We conclude by highlighting the most relevant implications of the presence of this heuristic determinism in exposomics research.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":"46 3","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141452320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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On the relationship between scientific theory and ontology in everything flows. 论万物流动中科学理论与本体论之间的关系。

IF 1.6 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-024-00618-6

Markus Maier

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Jeannie N. Shinozuka, Biotic borders: Transpacific plant and insect migration and the rise of anti-Asian racism in America, 1890-1950, Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 2022. Jeannie N. Shinozuka, Biotic borders：Transpacific plant and insect migration and the rise of anti-Asian racism in America, 1890-1950, Chicago and London：芝加哥大学出版社，2022 年。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-024-00619-5

Ashanti Shih

引用次数: 0

Mario Ageno and the status of biophysics. 马里奥-阿杰诺与生物物理学的地位

IF 1.6 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-024-00617-7

Daniele Cozzoli

引用次数: 0

“Naked life”: the vital meaning of nutrition in Claude Bernard’s physiology "裸体生命"：克劳德-贝尔纳生理学中营养的重要意义

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-024-00611-z

Cécilia Bognon-Küss

{"title":"“Naked life”: the vital meaning of nutrition in Claude Bernard’s physiology","authors":"Cécilia Bognon-Küss","doi":"10.1007/s40656-024-00611-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40656-024-00611-z","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to elucidate the vital meaning and strategic role that nutrition holds in Claude Bernard’s “biological philosophy”, in the sense Auguste Comte gave to this expression, i.e. the theoretical part of biology. I propose that Bernard’s nutritive perspective on life should be thought of as an “interfield” object, following Holmes’ category. Not only does nutrition bridge disciplines like physiology and organic chemistry, as well as levels of inquiry ranging from special physiology to the organism’s total level, including the cell and protoplasm, but it also forms the genetic and structural foundation for Bernard’s two fundamental axioms in general physiology: the necessary complementarity of destruction and creation (1) and the uniformity of this physiological law across all life forms, be it plants or animals (2). Because Bernard’s nutritive theory is a major pivot for the re-ordering of life and its characterization, I argue that it must be located and understood in the scientific and metaphysical context of his time, of which he claims to be the heir and challenger—what I propose to characterize as the “epistemic space” of nutrition, on the background of which Bernard builds his own “logic”. I then set out this logic of nutrition, focusing on three interrelated bernardian theses: the establishment of the theory of indirect nutrition as the basis for the notion of “milieu intérieur”; the enduring conception of nutrition as a continuous generation; the emphasis on nutrition as a way of reshaping the form/matter relationship.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Race and indigeneity in human microbiome science: microbiomisation and the historiality of otherness 人类微生物组科学中的种族与土著性：微生物组化与他者的历史性

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-024-00614-w

{"title":"Race and indigeneity in human microbiome science: microbiomisation and the historiality of otherness","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s40656-024-00614-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40656-024-00614-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> This article reformulates Stephan Helmreich´s the ¨microbiomisation of race¨ as the historiality of otherness in the foundations of human microbiome science. Through the lens of my ethnographic fieldwork of a transnational community of microbiome scientists that conducted a landmark human microbiome research on indigenous microbes and its affiliated and first personalised microbiome initiative, the American Gut Project, I follow and trace the key actors, experimental systems and onto-epistemic claims in the emergence of human microbiome science a decade ago. In doing so, I show the links between the reinscription of race, comparative research on the microbial genetic variation of human populations and the remining of bioprospected data for personalised medicine. In these unpredictable research movements, the microbiome of non-Western peoples and territories is much more than a side project or a specific approach within the field: it constitutes the nucleus of its experimental system, opening towards subsequent and cumulative research processes and knowledge production in human microbiome science. The article demonstrates that while human microbiome science is articulated upon the microbial ‘makeup’ of non-wester(nised) communities, societies, and locales, its results and therapeutics are only applicable to medical conditions affecting rich nations (i.e., inflammatory, autoimmune, and metabolic diseases). My reformulation of ¨microbiomisation of race¨ as the condition of possibility of human microbiome science reveals that its individual dimension is sustained by microbial DNA data from human populations through bioprospecting practices and gains meaning through personalised medicine initiatives, informal online networks of pseudoscientific and commodified microbial-related evidence.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The discovery of archaea: from observed anomaly to consequential restructuring of the phylogenetic tree. 古细菌的发现：从观察到的异常到系统发生树的相应重组。

IF 1.6 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-26 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-024-00616-8

Michael Fry

{"title":"The discovery of archaea: from observed anomaly to consequential restructuring of the phylogenetic tree.","authors":"Michael Fry","doi":"10.1007/s40656-024-00616-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40656-024-00616-8","url":null,"abstract":"Observational and experimental discoveries of new factual entities such as objects, systems, or processes, are major contributors to some advances in the life sciences. Yet, whereas discovery of theories was extensively deliberated by philosophers of science, very little philosophical attention was paid to the discovery of factual entities. This paper examines historical and philosophical aspects of the experimental discovery by Carl Woese of archaea, prokaryotes that comprise one of the three principal domains of the phylogenetic tree. Borrowing Kuhn's terminology, this discovery of a major biological entity was made during a 'normal science' project of building molecular taxonomy for prokaryotes. Unexpectedly, however, an observed anomaly instigated the discovery of archaea. Substantiation of the existence of the new archaeal entity and consequent reconstruction of the phylogenetic tree prompted replacement of a long-held model of a prokarya and eukarya bipartite tree of life by a new model of a tripartite tree comprising of bacteria, archaea, and eukarya. This paper explores the history and philosophical implications of the progression of Woese's project from normal science to anomaly-instigated model-changing discovery. It is also shown that the consequential discoveries of RNA splicing and of ribozymes were similarly prompted by unexpected irregularities during normal science activities. It is thus submitted that some discoveries of factual biological entities are triggered by unforeseen observational or experimental anomalies.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":"46 2","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10965645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140295392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0