History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences最新文献_第6页

Mario Ageno and the status of biophysics. 马里奥-阿杰诺与生物物理学的地位

IF 1.6 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-024-00617-7

Daniele Cozzoli

引用次数: 0

“Naked life”: the vital meaning of nutrition in Claude Bernard’s physiology "裸体生命"：克劳德-贝尔纳生理学中营养的重要意义

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-024-00611-z

Cécilia Bognon-Küss

{"title":"“Naked life”: the vital meaning of nutrition in Claude Bernard’s physiology","authors":"Cécilia Bognon-Küss","doi":"10.1007/s40656-024-00611-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40656-024-00611-z","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to elucidate the vital meaning and strategic role that nutrition holds in Claude Bernard’s “biological philosophy”, in the sense Auguste Comte gave to this expression, i.e. the theoretical part of biology. I propose that Bernard’s nutritive perspective on life should be thought of as an “interfield” object, following Holmes’ category. Not only does nutrition bridge disciplines like physiology and organic chemistry, as well as levels of inquiry ranging from special physiology to the organism’s total level, including the cell and protoplasm, but it also forms the genetic and structural foundation for Bernard’s two fundamental axioms in general physiology: the necessary complementarity of destruction and creation (1) and the uniformity of this physiological law across all life forms, be it plants or animals (2). Because Bernard’s nutritive theory is a major pivot for the re-ordering of life and its characterization, I argue that it must be located and understood in the scientific and metaphysical context of his time, of which he claims to be the heir and challenger—what I propose to characterize as the “epistemic space” of nutrition, on the background of which Bernard builds his own “logic”. I then set out this logic of nutrition, focusing on three interrelated bernardian theses: the establishment of the theory of indirect nutrition as the basis for the notion of “milieu intérieur”; the enduring conception of nutrition as a continuous generation; the emphasis on nutrition as a way of reshaping the form/matter relationship.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Race and indigeneity in human microbiome science: microbiomisation and the historiality of otherness 人类微生物组科学中的种族与土著性：微生物组化与他者的历史性

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-024-00614-w

{"title":"Race and indigeneity in human microbiome science: microbiomisation and the historiality of otherness","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s40656-024-00614-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40656-024-00614-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> This article reformulates Stephan Helmreich´s the ¨microbiomisation of race¨ as the historiality of otherness in the foundations of human microbiome science. Through the lens of my ethnographic fieldwork of a transnational community of microbiome scientists that conducted a landmark human microbiome research on indigenous microbes and its affiliated and first personalised microbiome initiative, the American Gut Project, I follow and trace the key actors, experimental systems and onto-epistemic claims in the emergence of human microbiome science a decade ago. In doing so, I show the links between the reinscription of race, comparative research on the microbial genetic variation of human populations and the remining of bioprospected data for personalised medicine. In these unpredictable research movements, the microbiome of non-Western peoples and territories is much more than a side project or a specific approach within the field: it constitutes the nucleus of its experimental system, opening towards subsequent and cumulative research processes and knowledge production in human microbiome science. The article demonstrates that while human microbiome science is articulated upon the microbial ‘makeup’ of non-wester(nised) communities, societies, and locales, its results and therapeutics are only applicable to medical conditions affecting rich nations (i.e., inflammatory, autoimmune, and metabolic diseases). My reformulation of ¨microbiomisation of race¨ as the condition of possibility of human microbiome science reveals that its individual dimension is sustained by microbial DNA data from human populations through bioprospecting practices and gains meaning through personalised medicine initiatives, informal online networks of pseudoscientific and commodified microbial-related evidence.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The discovery of archaea: from observed anomaly to consequential restructuring of the phylogenetic tree. 古细菌的发现：从观察到的异常到系统发生树的相应重组。

IF 1.6 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-26 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-024-00616-8

Michael Fry

{"title":"The discovery of archaea: from observed anomaly to consequential restructuring of the phylogenetic tree.","authors":"Michael Fry","doi":"10.1007/s40656-024-00616-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40656-024-00616-8","url":null,"abstract":"Observational and experimental discoveries of new factual entities such as objects, systems, or processes, are major contributors to some advances in the life sciences. Yet, whereas discovery of theories was extensively deliberated by philosophers of science, very little philosophical attention was paid to the discovery of factual entities. This paper examines historical and philosophical aspects of the experimental discovery by Carl Woese of archaea, prokaryotes that comprise one of the three principal domains of the phylogenetic tree. Borrowing Kuhn's terminology, this discovery of a major biological entity was made during a 'normal science' project of building molecular taxonomy for prokaryotes. Unexpectedly, however, an observed anomaly instigated the discovery of archaea. Substantiation of the existence of the new archaeal entity and consequent reconstruction of the phylogenetic tree prompted replacement of a long-held model of a prokarya and eukarya bipartite tree of life by a new model of a tripartite tree comprising of bacteria, archaea, and eukarya. This paper explores the history and philosophical implications of the progression of Woese's project from normal science to anomaly-instigated model-changing discovery. It is also shown that the consequential discoveries of RNA splicing and of ribozymes were similarly prompted by unexpected irregularities during normal science activities. It is thus submitted that some discoveries of factual biological entities are triggered by unforeseen observational or experimental anomalies.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":"46 2","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10965645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140295392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diversification or sensory unification? Controversies around the senses in fin de siècle culture. 多样化还是感官统一？末世文化中围绕感官的争论。

IF 1.6 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-024-00615-9

Sonsoles Hernandez Barbosa

{"title":"Diversification or sensory unification? Controversies around the senses in fin de siècle culture.","authors":"Sonsoles Hernandez Barbosa","doi":"10.1007/s40656-024-00615-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40656-024-00615-9","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses the evolutionist discourses on the senses that emerged in the late 19th century, when theories on the evolution of species were in full sway. Drawing on newspapers, essays and medical literature, this article aims to set face to face the two currents of thought that I have identified regarding sensory evolution: the one that stressed the value of the progressive specialisation of the senses as evidence for human evolution mainly supported by Max Nordau, and the one which regarded the sensory regrouping, exemplified by the phenomenon of synaesthesia, as the true symptom of evolution, strongly supported by Victor Segalen. A close examination of their arguments will provide clues concerning their relative position vis-à-vis the theory that stressed the exceptional nature of humankind among all living beings. Based on newspapers, essays and medical literature, this paper, which straddles several fields (history of science, philosophy, cultural history and aesthetics) aims to set both positions face to face, examining their arguments in detail and establishing their genealogies. This will lead to a better understanding of the scope and range of evolutionist discourses in the fin de siècle culture and on their impact upon artistic practices.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":"46 1","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10937784/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140121492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forgetting how we ate: personalised nutrition and the strategic uses of history. 忘记我们的饮食习惯：个性化营养与历史的战略利用。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-024-00613-x

Christopher Mayes, Maurizio Meloni

{"title":"Forgetting how we ate: personalised nutrition and the strategic uses of history.","authors":"Christopher Mayes, Maurizio Meloni","doi":"10.1007/s40656-024-00613-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40656-024-00613-x","url":null,"abstract":"Personalised nutrition (PN) has emerged over the past twenty years as a promising area of research in the postgenomic era and has been popularized as the new big thing out of molecular biology. Advocates of PN claim that previous approaches to nutrition sought general and universal guidance that applied to all people. In contrast, they contend that PN operates with the principle that \"one size does not fit all\" when it comes to dietary guidance. While the molecular mechanisms studied within PN are new, the notion of a personal dietary regime guided by medical advice has a much longer history that can be traced back to Galen's \"On Food and Diet\" or Ibn Sina's (westernized as Avicenna) \"Canon of Medicine\". Yet this history is either wholly ignored or misleadingly appropriated by PN proponents. This (mis)use of history, we argue helps to sustain the hype of the novelty of the proposed field and potential commodification of molecular advice that undermines longer histories of food management in premodern and non-Western cultures. Moreover, it elides how the longer history of nutritional advice always happened in a heavily moralized, gendered, and racialized context deeply entwined with collective technologies of power, not just individual advice. This article aims at offering a wider appreciation of this longer history to nuance the hype and exceptionalism surrounding contemporary claims.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":"46 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10920492/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140061386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Embodied cognition and the imaging of bio-pathologies: the question of experiential primacy in detecting diagnostic phenomena. 具身认知与生物病理成像：检测诊断现象中的体验优先性问题。

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-19 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-024-00609-7

Mindaugas Briedis

{"title":"Embodied cognition and the imaging of bio-pathologies: the question of experiential primacy in detecting diagnostic phenomena.","authors":"Mindaugas Briedis","doi":"10.1007/s40656-024-00609-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40656-024-00609-7","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the origins of the experiences involved in the diagnostics (detection and normative evaluation) of biological entities in image-based medical praxis. Our specific research aim presupposes a vast discussion regarding the origins of knowledge in general, but is narrowed down to the alternatives of anthropomorphism and biomorphism. Accordingly, in the subsequent chapters we will make an attempt to investigate and illustrate what holds the diagnostic experiential situation together-biological regularities, manifestation via movement, conscious synthesis, causal categories, or something else. We argue that as long as knowledge originates out of practices, a promising way forward is to oscillate between the prominent although controversial ideas of the history of philosophy and observations of concrete human practices, such as, in our chosen example, image-based medical diagnostics of biological pathologies. Although a number of thinkers are involved in the discussion, Aristotle and Husserl are most important here as the representatives of historical paradigms on the matter. The body in this research was not taken solely as the physical entity (Körper) but rather as a transcendental, constitutive structure where diagnostic and biological processes synchronize in teleological movement (Leib). However, philosophical speculations are illustrated by actual radiograms, the interpretation of which brings us back to the aforementioned question of primacy regarding cognition.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":"46 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139900935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Scrutinizing microbiome determinism: why deterministic hypotheses about the microbiome are conceptually ungrounded. 审视微生物组的决定论：为什么微生物组的决定论假设在概念上缺乏依据？

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-024-00610-0

Javier Suárez

引用次数: 0

A work in progress: William Bateson’s vibratory theory of repetition of parts 进行中的工作威廉-贝特森的部件重复振动理论

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-024-00608-8

{"title":"A work in progress: William Bateson’s vibratory theory of repetition of parts","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s40656-024-00608-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40656-024-00608-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> In 1891 Cambridge biologist William Bateson (1861–1926) announced his idea that the symmetrical segmentation in living organisms resulted from energy peaks of some vibratory force acting on tissues during morphogenesis. He also demonstrated topographically how folding a radially symmetric organism could produce another with bilateral symmetry. Bateson attended many lectures at the Cambridge Philosophical Society and viewed mechanical models prepared by eminent physicists that illustrated how vibrations affected materials. In his subsequent research, Bateson utilized analogies and metaphors based upon his observations of nature to build a thought model on the effects of vibrations on living tissue, because he realized that the chemistry and biology of his day lacked technologies to perform actual experiments on the subject. He concluded the production of organic segmentation was both a chemical and mechanical phenomenon. By the time of his death Bateson had incorporated new ideas about embryonic organizer regions to suggest a center from which a rhythmic force emanated and then produced the observed repetitive segmentation as a common feature in living organisms.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":"258 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139690075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

After the trans brain: a critique of the neurobiological accounts of embodied trans* identities 变性大脑之后：对体现变性*身份的神经生物学论述的批判

IF 2 3区哲学

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-023-00602-6

Maite Arraiza Zabalegui

{"title":"After the trans brain: a critique of the neurobiological accounts of embodied trans* identities","authors":"Maite Arraiza Zabalegui","doi":"10.1007/s40656-023-00602-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40656-023-00602-6","url":null,"abstract":"This paper critically analyses three main neurobiological hypotheses on trans* identities: the neurobiological theory about the origin of gender dysphoria, the neurodevelopmental cortical hypothesis, and the alternative hypothesis of self-referential thinking and body perception. In this study I focus then the attention on three elements: the issue of (de)pathologisation, the idea of the trans brain, and the aetiology of trans* identities. While the neurobiological theory about the origin of gender dysphoria and the neurodevelopmental cortical hypothesis claim the existence of the trans brain, each offering its own neurobiological depiction, the hypothesis of self-referential thinking and body perception doesn’t postulate a distinctive neurobiological trait for all trans* people. I problematize both portrayals of the trans brain departing from the findings and conceptualizations of the paradigm shifting brain mosaicism. Unlike the hypothesis of self-referential thinking and body perception that keeps the question of causation open, both the neurobiological theory about the origin of gender dysphoria and the neurodevelopmental cortical hypothesis situate the origin of trans* identities in the neurobiological domain. I challenge the biological deterministic framework in which this aetiology is inscribed from a dynamic processual entanglement perspective. Finally, concerning the issue of (de)pathologisation of trans* identities, an evolution can be seen in each of the hypothesis and among them, from the least to the most depathologising. However, I question their complete departure from a pathologising framework.","PeriodicalId":56308,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139661793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0