Ilar Journal最新文献_第9页

Agricultural Animals as Biomedical Models: Occupational Health and Safety Considerations. 农业动物作为生物医学模型:职业健康和安全考虑。

IF 2.5 3区农林科学

Ilar Journal Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ily013

Gaylen L Edwards, Michael J Azain, Andrew Parks

引用次数: 6

Replacement, Refinement, and Reduction in Animal Studies With Biohazardous Agents. 替代、改进和减少生物危害剂在动物研究中的应用。

IF 2.5 3区农林科学

Ilar Journal Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ily021

Lon V Kendall, James R Owiny, Erik D Dohm, Katie J Knapek, Erin S Lee, Jennifer H Kopanke, Michael Fink, Sarah A Hansen, Jessica D Ayers

{"title":"Replacement, Refinement, and Reduction in Animal Studies With Biohazardous Agents.","authors":"Lon V Kendall, James R Owiny, Erik D Dohm, Katie J Knapek, Erin S Lee, Jennifer H Kopanke, Michael Fink, Sarah A Hansen, Jessica D Ayers","doi":"10.1093/ilar/ily021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar/ily021","url":null,"abstract":"Animal models are critical to the advancement of our knowledge of infectious disease pathogenesis, diagnostics, therapeutics, and prevention strategies. The use of animal models requires thoughtful consideration for their well-being, as infections can significantly impact the general health of an animal and impair their welfare. Application of the 3Rs-replacement, refinement, and reduction-to animal models using biohazardous agents can improve the scientific merit and animal welfare. Replacement of animal models can use in vitro techniques such as cell culture systems, mathematical models, and engineered tissues or invertebrate animal hosts such as amoeba, worms, fruit flies, and cockroaches. Refinements can use a variety of techniques to more closely monitor the course of disease. These include the use of biomarkers, body temperature, behavioral observations, and clinical scoring systems. Reduction is possible using advanced technologies such as in vivo telemetry and imaging, allowing longitudinal assessment of animals during the course of disease. While there is no single method to universally replace, refine, or reduce animal models, the alternatives and techniques discussed are broadly applicable and they should be considered when infectious disease animal models are developed.","PeriodicalId":56299,"journal":{"name":"Ilar Journal","volume":"59 2","pages":"177-194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/ilar/ily021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36886137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Applied Institutional Approaches for the Evaluation and Management of Zoonoses in Contemporary Laboratory Animal Research Facilities. 当代实验动物研究设施中人畜共患病评估和管理的应用制度方法。

IF 2.5 3区农林科学

Ilar Journal Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ily016

Lesley A Colby, Lois Zitzow

{"title":"Applied Institutional Approaches for the Evaluation and Management of Zoonoses in Contemporary Laboratory Animal Research Facilities.","authors":"Lesley A Colby, Lois Zitzow","doi":"10.1093/ilar/ily016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar/ily016","url":null,"abstract":"Zoonoses, diseases transmitted between animals and humans, have been a concern in laboratory animal medicine for decades. Exposure to zoonotic organisms not only poses health risks to personnel and research animals but may also affect research integrity. Early laboratory animal programs were ineffective at excluding and preventing transmission of zoonotic diseases: the health status of the animals were often unknown, endemic diseases occurred frequently, housing conditions were less controlled, and veterinary care programs were decentralized. Over time, these conditions improved, but despite this, zoonotic diseases remain a contemporary concern. To reduce the incidence of zoonoses, management should perform an accurate risk assessment that takes into account the type of research performed, animal species used, animal sources, and housing conditions. Specific research practices, such as the use of biological materials, can also affect the risk assessment and should be considered. Once identified, the characteristics of significant zoonotic organisms can be examined. In addition, personnel attitudes and training, facility design and management, equipment availability, personal protective equipment used, standard operating procedures, and the institution's vermin control program can impact the risk assessment. The effectiveness of the occupational health and safety program at managing risks of zoonoses should also be examined. Risk assessment, in the context of zoonotic disease prevention, is a complex exercise and is most effective when a team approach is used and includes research, husbandry, veterinary, and biosafety personnel.","PeriodicalId":56299,"journal":{"name":"Ilar Journal","volume":"59 2","pages":"134-143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/ilar/ily016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36775075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Safety Considerations When Working with Humanized Animals. 与人类动物一起工作时的安全考虑。

IF 2.5 3区农林科学

Ilar Journal Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ily012

Jason S Villano, Susan E Vleck, Stephen A Felt, Daniel D Myers, Patrick A Lester

{"title":"Safety Considerations When Working with Humanized Animals.","authors":"Jason S Villano, Susan E Vleck, Stephen A Felt, Daniel D Myers, Patrick A Lester","doi":"10.1093/ilar/ily012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar/ily012","url":null,"abstract":"Research using laboratory animals has been revolutionized by the creation of humanized animal models, which are immunodeficient animals engrafted with human cells, tissues, or organs. These animal models provide the research community a unique and promising opportunity to mimic a wide variety of disease conditions in humans, from infectious disease to cancer. A vast majority of these models are humanized mice like those injected with human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells and patient-derived xenografts. With this technology comes the need for the animal research enterprise to understand the inherent and potential risks, such as exposure to bloodborne pathogens, associated with the model development and research applications. Here, we review existing humanized animal models and provide recommendations for their safe use based on regulatory framework and literature. A risk assessment program-from handling the human material to its administration to animals and animal housing-is a necessary initial step in mitigating risks associated with the use of humanized animals in research. Ultimately, establishing institutional policies and guidelines to ensure personnel safety is a legal and ethical responsibility of the research institution as part of the occupational health and safety program and overall animal care and use program.","PeriodicalId":56299,"journal":{"name":"Ilar Journal","volume":"59 2","pages":"150-160"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/ilar/ily012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36819425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Immune Relevant and Immune Deficient Mice: Options and Opportunities in Translational Research. 免疫相关小鼠和免疫缺陷小鼠:转化研究的选择和机会。

IF 2.5 3区农林科学

Ilar Journal Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ily026

Enrico Radaelli, Sara F Santagostino, Rani S Sellers, Cory F Brayton

{"title":"Immune Relevant and Immune Deficient Mice: Options and Opportunities in Translational Research.","authors":"Enrico Radaelli, Sara F Santagostino, Rani S Sellers, Cory F Brayton","doi":"10.1093/ilar/ily026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar/ily026","url":null,"abstract":"In 1989 ILAR published a list and description of immunodeficient rodents used in research. Since then, advances in understanding of molecular mechanisms; recognition of genetic, epigenetic microbial, and other influences on immunity; and capabilities in manipulating genomes and microbiomes have increased options and opportunities for selecting mice and designing studies to answer important mechanistic and therapeutic questions. Despite numerous scientific breakthroughs that have benefitted from research in mice, there is debate about the relevance and predictive or translational value of research in mice. Reproducibility of results obtained from mice and other research models also is a well-publicized concern. This review summarizes resources to inform the selection and use of immune relevant mouse strains and stocks, aiming to improve the utility, validity, and reproducibility of research in mice. Immune sufficient genetic variations, immune relevant spontaneous mutations, immunodeficient and autoimmune phenotypes, and selected induced conditions are emphasized.","PeriodicalId":56299,"journal":{"name":"Ilar Journal","volume":"59 3","pages":"211-246"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/ilar/ily026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37330040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Keeping the Engine Running: The Relevance and Predictive Value of Preclinical Models for CAR-T Cell Development. 保持引擎运转:CAR-T细胞发展的临床前模型的相关性和预测价值。

IF 2.5 3区农林科学

Ilar Journal Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilz009

Denis Migliorini, Nicola J Mason, Avery D Posey

引用次数: 6

INTRODUCTION: Immune Relevant Animal Models: Opportunities and Challenges. 简介：免疫相关动物模型：机遇与挑战。

IF 2.5 3区农林科学

Ilar Journal Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilz014

G. Jungersen, J. Piedrahita

引用次数: 0

Dietary Factors in Prevention of Pediatric Escherichia coli Infection: A Model Using Domestic Piglets. 日粮因素对预防儿童大肠杆菌感染的影响:以家养仔猪为模型

IF 2.5 3区农林科学

Ilar Journal Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilz005

Yanhong Liu, Peng Ji

{"title":"Dietary Factors in Prevention of Pediatric Escherichia coli Infection: A Model Using Domestic Piglets.","authors":"Yanhong Liu, Peng Ji","doi":"10.1093/ilar/ilz005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar/ilz005","url":null,"abstract":"Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the major etiological agent causing acute watery diarrhea that is most frequently seen in young children in lower-income countries. The duration of diarrheal symptom may be shortened by antibiotic treatment, but ETEC is relative refractory to common antibiotics. Burgeoning evidence suggests bioactive components that naturally occur in human milk (e.g., lysozyme and oligosaccharides) and plants (e.g., nondigestible carbohydrates and phytochemicals) contain antimicrobial functions are promising preventive measures to control ETEC infection. Although the exact protective mechanisms may vary for each compound and are still not completely understood, they generally act to (1) competitively inhibit the binding of pathogenic bacteria and toxins to gut epithelium; (2) directly kill pathogens; and (3) stimulate and/or enhance host mucosal and systemic immune defense against pathogenic microorganisms. An appropriate ETEC-challenge animal model is critical to evaluate the effect and unveil the mechanism of bioactive compounds in prevention of enteric infection. Despite wide application in biomedical research, rodents do not usually manifest typical clinical signs of enteric infections. The remarkable differences in digestive physiology, immune response, and gut microbiota between rodents and human beings necessitate the use of alternative animal models. Pigs are closely related to humans in terms of genomes, physiology, anatomy of gastrointestinal tracts, digestive enzymes, components of immune system, and gut microbiota. Like human infants and young children, nursing and nursery piglets are more susceptible to ETEC infection and reproduce the clinical signs as observed in humans. Hence, the ETEC-challenge piglet represents a valuable translational model to study pathogenesis and evaluate dietary factors (e.g., milk bioactive compounds, nondigestible carbohydrates, and phytochemicals) as preventive measures for ETEC infection in pediatrics.","PeriodicalId":56299,"journal":{"name":"Ilar Journal","volume":"59 3","pages":"338-351"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/ilar/ilz005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37248571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Immune Relevant Models for Ocular Inflammatory Diseases. 眼部炎性疾病的免疫相关模型。

IF 2.5 3区农林科学

Ilar Journal Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ily002

Brian C Gilger

{"title":"Immune Relevant Models for Ocular Inflammatory Diseases.","authors":"Brian C Gilger","doi":"10.1093/ilar/ily002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar/ily002","url":null,"abstract":"Ocular inflammatory diseases, such as dry eye and uveitis, are common, painful, difficult to treat, and may result in vision loss or blindness. Ocular side effects from the use of antiinflammatory drugs (such as corticosteroids or nonsteroidal antiinflammatories) to treat ocular inflammation have prompted development of more specific and safer medications to treat inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases of the eye. To assess the efficacy and safety of these new therapeutics, appropriate immune-relevant animal models of ocular inflammation are needed. Both induced and naturally-occurring models have been described, but the most valuable for translating treatments to the human eye are the animal models of spontaneous, immunologic ocular disease, such as those with dry eye or uveitis. The purpose of this review is to describe common immune-relevant models of dry eye and uveitis with an overview of the immuno-pathogenesis of each disease and reported evaluation of models from small to large animals. We will also review a selected group of naturally-occurring large animal models, equine uveitis and canine dry eye, that have promise to translate into a better understanding and treatment of clinical immune-relevant ocular disease in man.","PeriodicalId":56299,"journal":{"name":"Ilar Journal","volume":"59 3","pages":"352-362"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/ilar/ily002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35858956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Managing Research Animal Specimens and Laboratory Safety. 管理研究动物标本和实验室安全。

IF 2.5 3区农林科学

Ilar Journal Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ily017

Yohannes G Asfaw, Randall Reynolds, Scott Alderman, John N Norton

{"title":"Managing Research Animal Specimens and Laboratory Safety.","authors":"Yohannes G Asfaw, Randall Reynolds, Scott Alderman, John N Norton","doi":"10.1093/ilar/ily017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar/ily017","url":null,"abstract":"The procedures necessary to perform testing in a veterinary diagnostic laboratory have inherent associated risks to personnel in regard to exposure to infectious agents. In research institutions animals can be experimentally infected, acquire naturally occurring infections and can also be exposed to other hazards such as toxic chemicals or radiologic entities. A critical component of the use of animals in a research environment is the collaboration between the responsible researcher and the veterinary diagnostic laboratory with the institutional health and safety professionals to ensure that the proper engineering controls, personal protective equipment, laboratory procedures and training are in place for personnel working with the animals or their specimens. Unlike the typical researcher, the veterinary diagnostic laboratory generally has to be equipped to safely process and work with a wide range of potential hazards where the communication of pertinent information from the researcher to the diagnostic laboratory regarding the identity of the potential hazard is paramount. Diagnostic laboratory design, safety equipment, personal protective equipment, laboratory procedures, occupational health program and personnel training must be sufficient to address hazards based on a risk assessment performed in conjunction with safety professionals. This article will summarize safety considerations with the various areas of concern in the operation of a diagnostic laboratory for research animal specimens.","PeriodicalId":56299,"journal":{"name":"Ilar Journal","volume":"59 2","pages":"144-149"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/ilar/ily017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36817808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2