Plants-Basel最新文献

{"title":"Influence of Light Spectrum on Bread Wheat Head Colonization by <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> and on the Accumulation of Its Secondary Metabolites.","authors":"Minely Cerón-Bustamante, Francesco Tini, Giovanni Beccari, Andrea Onofri, Emilio Balducci, Michael Sulyok, Lorenzo Covarelli, Paolo Benincasa","doi":"10.3390/plants14132013","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14132013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies indicated that light influences mycotoxin production and wheat's defense responses to the cereal fungal pathogen <i>Fusarium graminearum</i>. Herein, the effect of different light wavelengths on <i>F. graminearum</i> colonization and secondary metabolite biosynthesis in bread wheat was assessed. Heads of a susceptible bread wheat cultivar were point-inoculated and exposed to red (627 nm), blue (470 nm), blue/red, and white light. Symptom severity, fungal DNA, and secondary metabolite accumulation were evaluated. Blue and red wavelengths reduced <i>F. graminearum</i> infection but had an opposite effect on the production of its fungal secondary metabolites. While blue light enhanced the accumulation of sesquiterpene mycotoxins, red light promoted the production of polyketide compounds. In addition, blue light stimulated deoxynivalenol glycosylation. These findings suggest that the light spectrum could affect mycotoxin contamination of wheat grains, highlighting the importance of light quality studies in field crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12252086/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Surface Water Quality in the Krynka River Basin Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy Methods.","authors":"Sergey Chufitskiy, Sergey Romanchuk, Besarion Meskhi, Anastasiya Olshevskaya, Victoria Shevchenko, Mary Odabashyan, Svetlana Teplyakova, Anna Vershinina, Dmitry Savenkov","doi":"10.3390/plants14132014","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14132014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents a biomonitoring study of surface waters in the Krynka River basin, encompassing three major regional reservoirs: Khanzhenkovskoe, Olkhovskoe, and Zuyevskoe. These water bodies face significant anthropogenic pressure from mining effluents, industrial discharges, and domestic wastewater. Key pollutants identified are surfactants (SAAs), sulfates, phenols, chlorides, and manganese, with chemical oxygen demand (COD) exceeding regulatory limits. The research was conducted in September 2024. Based on the Specific Combinatorial Water Pollution Index, surface waters in the studied objects can be characterized as slightly polluted. To assess the negative impact of the identified pollutants on hydrobionts, the species composition of phytoplankton of the studied water bodies was analyzed. In the Olkhovskoe Reservoir and Olkhovaya River, cyanobacterial blooms (<i>Oscillatoria agardhii</i> G.) were observed, altering biodiversity in the Krynka River and Zuyevskoe Reservoir. Phytoplankton genera <i>Synedra</i>, <i>Amphiprora</i>, and <i>Navicula</i>-established bioindicators of aquatic ecosystem health-were dominant in Khanzhenkovskoe Reservoir, signaling nutrient enrichment and organic pollution. Changes in the species composition and structure of phytoplankton in the Krynka River, its tributaries and reservoirs, indicate a change in the level of saprobic water bodies from β to α-mesosaprobic, which indicates both the general level of surface water pollution and the accumulation of pollutants along the course of the river. The paper presents the results of fluorimetric analysis of photosynthetic activity of natural phytoplankton cells and demonstrates the possibility of using fluorescence induction curves for regular monitoring measurements. Fluorescence parameters indicate a general deterioration of photosynthetic activity of natural phytoplankton. The growth of <i>Oscillatoria agardhii</i> in the waters of the Olkhovskoe Reservoir and of green microalgae in the Zuevskoe Reservoir led to an increase in the fluorescence quantum yield (F_v/F_m) and the total photosynthetic activity index (PI), which makes it possible to use these parameters as indicator parameters reflecting the intensity of \"blooming\" of various phytoplankton species.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12251999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-Wide Identification and Evolutionary Analysis of m6A-Related Gene Family in Poplar Nanlin895.","authors":"Zeyu Li, Rongxia Liu, Mingqiang Zhu, Jinye Zhang, Zhoujin Li, Kaixin Huang, Zehua Ren, Yan Zhao, Keming Luo, Qin Song","doi":"10.3390/plants14132017","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14132017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent chemical modification of eukaryotic RNA, playing a crucial role in regulating plant growth and development, stress responses, and other essential biological processes. The enzymes involved in m6A modification-methyltransferases (writers), demethylases (erasers), and recognition proteins (readers)-have been identified in various plant species; however, their roles in the economically significant tree species <i>Populus deltoides</i> × <i>P. euramericana</i> (NL895) remain underexplored. <b>Results:</b> In this study, we identified 39 m6A-related genes in the NL895 genome, comprising 8 writers, 13 erasers, and 18 readers. Evolutionary analysis indicated that the expansion of writers and readers primarily resulted from whole-genome duplication events. Purifying selection pressures were observed on all duplicated gene pairs, suggesting their essential roles in functional differentiation. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that writers, erasers, and readers are categorized into six, four, and two groups, respectively, with these genes being more conserved among dicotyledonous plants. Gene structure, protein domains, and motifs exhibited greater conservation within the same group. Promoter analysis of m6A-related genes showed enrichment of <i>cis</i>-acting elements associated with responses to light, phytohormones, and stress, indicating their potential involvement in gene expression regulation. Under cadmium treatment, the expression of all writers was significantly upregulated in both the aboveground and root tissues of NL895. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study systematically identified m6A-related gene families in <i>Populus deltoides</i> × <i>P. euramericana</i> (NL895), elucidating their evolutionary patterns and expression regulation characteristics. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for analyzing the molecular mechanisms of m6A modification in poplar growth, development, and stress adaptation, and offered candidate genes for molecular breeding in forest trees.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12251938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Pairwise Interactions: How Other Species Regulate Competition Between Two Plants?","authors":"Wang-Xin Cheng, Wei Xue, Jie-Jie Jiao, Hao-Ming Yuan, Lin-Xuan He, Xiao-Mei Zhang, Tao Xu, Fei-Hai Yu","doi":"10.3390/plants14132018","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14132018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A plant species in a community often grows with some other plant species. While many studies have assessed interspecific interactions between two target plant species, few have considered the impacts of the other plant species (e.g., the third, fourth, and fifth plant species) on these interactions. To assess the impacts, we grew one seedling of each of the five herbaceous plant species that are common in China (<i>Cynodon dactylon</i>, <i>Plantago asiatica</i>, <i>Taraxacum mongolicum</i>, <i>Nepeta cataria</i>, and <i>Leonurus japonicus</i>) alone (no competition) or with one seedling of one, two, three, or four of the other species. The presence of a neighbor plant generally reduced the growth of the target species, suggesting that the interspecific relationships were mostly competitive. The presence of other neighbor species (the third, fourth, and fifth species) could alter the interspecific interactions between two target species, but such effects varied depending on both the identity of the target species and the identity of the other species. Additionally, the effects of the third species depended little on the presence of the fourth and fifth species. We conclude that interspecific interactions between two plant species are commonly regulated by the presence of other species, facilitating species coexistence. However, our findings do not support the idea that the impacts of the fourth and fifth species on interactions among three plant species are common. This study highlights the complex interactions among multiple plant species within a community and also the importance of including these high-order interactions when modelling community dynamics and species coexistence.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12251754/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asparagine Synthetase Gene <i>OsASN2</i> Is Crucial for Rice Seed Development and Germination.","authors":"Rui Hu, Kaiming Liang, Xiangyu Hu, Meijuan Li, Qunhuan Ye, Yuanhong Yin, Cai Tang, Xinyu Wang, Youqiang Fu, Junfeng Pan, Mingyong Zhang, Xuhua Zhong","doi":"10.3390/plants14131999","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14131999","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Seed development plays a critical role in determining both crop yield and grain quality in rice. As a key nutrient storage organ, the rice endosperm development not only contributes to grain filling but also plays an essential role during the early stages of seed germination. Amino acid metabolism is active during the process of seed development and seed germination. Asparagine is a primary amino acid responsible for long-distance organic nitrogen transport in plants. Asparagine synthetase catalyzes the synthesis of asparagine from aspartate and glutamine. In this study, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout mutants of the <i>OsASN2</i> gene of rice were generated. Homozygous mutants exhibited complete failure of seed germination, and heterozygotes could not produce homozygous offspring. Endosperm development of homozygous mutant seeds showed severe defects. Additionally, interacting protein screening combined with pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays confirmed that OsASN2 physically interacted with pyruvate phosphate dikinase OsPPDKB, the mutants of which showed impaired endosperm development. These findings collectively indicate that <i>OsASN2</i> plays a critical role in seed development and germination in rice.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12251889/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disease-Resistance Functional Analysis and Screening of Interacting Proteins of ZmCpn60-3, a Chaperonin 60 Protein from Maize.","authors":"Bo Su, Lixue Mao, Huiping Wu, Xinru Yu, Chongyu Bian, Shanshan Xie, Temoor Ahmed, Hubiao Jiang, Ting Ding","doi":"10.3390/plants14131993","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14131993","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chaperonin 60 proteins plays an important role in plant growth and development as well as the response to abiotic stress. As part of the protein homeostasis system, molecular chaperones have attracted increasing attention in recent years due to their involvement in the folding and assembly of key proteins in photosynthesis. However, little is known about the function of maize chaperonin 60 protein. In the study, a gene encoding the chaperonin 60 proteins was cloned from the maize inbred line B73, and named <i>ZmCpn60-3</i>. The gene was 1, 818 bp in length and encoded a protein consisting of 605 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis showed that ZmCpn60-3 had high similarity with OsCPN60-1, belonging to the β subunits of the chloroplast chaperonin 60 protein family, and it was predicted to be localized in chloroplasts. The <i>ZmCpn60-3</i> was highly expressed in the stems and tassels of maize, and could be induced by exogenous plant hormones, mycotoxins, and pathogens; Overexpression of <i>ZmCpn60-3</i> in <i>Arabidopsis</i> improved the resistance to <i>Pst</i> DC3000 by inducing the hypersensitive response and the expression of SA signaling-related genes, and the H₂O₂ and the SA contents of <i>ZmCpn60-3</i>-overexpressing <i>Arabidopsis</i> infected with <i>Pst</i> DC3000 accumulated significantly when compared to the wild-type controls. Experimental data demonstrate that flg22 treatment significantly upregulated transcriptional levels of the PR1 defense gene in <i>ZmCpn60-3</i>-transfected maize protoplasts. Notably, the enhanced resistance phenotype against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (<i>Pst</i> DC3000) in <i>ZmCpn60-3</i>-overexpressing transgenic lines was specifically abolished by pretreatment with ABT, a salicylic acid (SA) biosynthetic inhibitor. Our integrated findings reveal that this chaperonin protein orchestrates plant immune responses through a dual mechanism: triggering a reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst while simultaneously activating SA-mediated signaling cascades, thereby synergistically enhancing host disease resistance. Additionally, yeast two-hybrid assay preliminary data indicated that ZmCpn60-3 might bind to ZmbHLH118 and ZmBURP7, indicating ZmCpn60-3 might be involved in plant abiotic responses. The results provided a reference for comprehensively understanding the resistance mechanism of <i>ZmCpn60-3</i> in plant responses to abiotic or biotic stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12251557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epitranscriptomic Control of Drought Tolerance in Rice: The Role of RNA Methylation.","authors":"Xiaoru Fan, Yong Zhang, Pengyuan Gu, Misbah Naz","doi":"10.3390/plants14132002","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14132002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drought stress is a predominant abiotic constraint adversely affecting global rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>) production and threatening food security. While the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of drought-responsive pathways has been widely investigated, the emerging field of epitranscriptomics, particularly RNA chemical modifications such as N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A), adds a new dimension to gene regulation under stress. The most prevalent internal modification in eukaryotic messenger RNA influences RNA metabolism by interacting dynamically with enzymes that add, remove, or recognize the modification. Recent studies in rice reveal that m⁶A deposition is not static but dynamically regulated in response to water-deficit conditions, influencing transcript stability, splicing, nuclear export, and translation efficiency of key drought-responsive genes. This review critically synthesizes current findings on the distribution and functional implications of m⁶A and other epitranscriptomic marks (e.g., 5-methylcytosine [m⁵C], <i>pseudouridine</i> [Ψ]) in modulating rice responses to drought. We discuss the regulatory circuitry involving m⁶A effectors such as <i>OsMTA</i>, <i>OsFIP37</i>, and <i>YTH</i> domain proteins and their integration with known drought-signaling pathways including ABA and reactive oxygen species (ROS) cascades. We also highlight emerging high-resolution technologies such as m⁶A-seq, direct RNA sequencing, and nanopore-based detection that facilitate epitranscriptomic profiling in rice. Finally, we propose future directions for translating epitranscriptomic knowledge into crop improvement, including <i>CRISPR</i>/<i>Cas</i>-based modulation of RNA modification machinery to enhance drought tolerance.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12252055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antiapoptotic Effects of <i>Euterpe oleracea</i> Mart. (Açaí) in Improving Cognition Deficits: Potential Therapeutic Implications for Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Flávia Dos Santos Ferreira, Juliana Lucena Azevedo de Mattos, Paula Hosana Fernandes da Silva, Cristiane Aguiar da Costa, Dayane Teixeira Ognibene, Angela de Castro Resende, Graziele Freitas de Bem","doi":"10.3390/plants14132010","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14132010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Euterpe oleracea Martius</i>, also popularly known as açaí palm, is a palm tree of the <i>Aracaceae</i> family widely found in the Amazon region. Traditional plant use reports indicate the beneficial effects of açaí juice on fever, pain, and flu. Moreover, many studies have demonstrated the pharmacological potential of açaí, mainly the pulp and seed of the fruit, due to its chemical composition, which significantly consists of polyphenols. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in investigating the neuroprotective effects of açaí, with the potential for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, mainly due to the increasing aging of the population that has contributed to the increase in the number of individuals affected by this disease that has no cure. Therefore, this review aims to evaluate the potential role of açaí fruit in preventing or treating cognitive deficits, highlighting its potential in Alzheimer's disease therapy. Preclinical in vivo and in vitro pharmacological studies were utilized to investigate the learning and memory effects of the pulp and seed of the açaí fruit, focusing on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and autophagy restoration actions.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12252345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autofluorescence and Metabotyping of Soybean Varieties Using Confocal Laser Microscopy and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometric Approaches.","authors":"Mayya P Razgonova, Muhammad A Navaz, Ekaterina S Butovets, Ludmila M Lukyanchuk, Olga A Chunikhina, Sezai Ercişli, Alexei N Emelyanov, Kirill S Golokhvast","doi":"10.3390/plants14131995","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14131995","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research examines a detailed metabolomic and comparative analysis of bioactive substances of soybean varieties: \"Primorskaya-4\", \"Primorskaya-86\", \"Primorskaya-96\", \"Locus\", \"Sphere\", \"Breeze\", \"Namul\", and \"Musson\" by the laser confocal microscope CLSM 800 and the mass spectrometry of bioactive compounds by tandem mass spectrometry. The laser microscopy allowed us to clarify in detail the spatial arrangement of phenolic acids, flavonols, and anthocyanin contents in soybeans. Research has convincingly shown that the polyphenolic content of soybeans, and, in particular, the anthocyanins, are spatially localized mainly in the seed coat of soybeans. Tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify chemical constituents in soybean extracts. The results of initial studies revealed the presence of one hundred and fourteen compounds; sixty-nine of the target analytes were tentatively identified as compounds from polyphenol groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12252042/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The <i>CONSTANS-like 2</i> Gene Serves as a Pivotal Regulator of Flowering in <i>Hemerocallis</i>.","authors":"Chunjing Guan, Yike Gao, Ziyi Wang, Qixiang Zhang","doi":"10.3390/plants14131996","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14131996","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Hemerocallis</i> spp. exhibit distinct flower opening times, categorized into nocturnal and diurnal types. Previous studies have demonstrated that the circadian clock and <i>CONSTANS</i> (<i>CO</i>) genes play crucial roles in regulating flowering in <i>Hemerocallis</i>. However, the key genes that integrate flowering pathways remain largely unknown. To address this gap, we identified potential homologs of the <i>FLOWERING LOCUS T</i> (<i>FT</i>) gene in <i>Hemerocallis</i>. A yeast one-hybrid assay revealed that HfCOL2 and HfLHY directly bind to the <i>HfFT1</i> and <i>HfFT2</i> promoters, thereby activating <i>FT</i> transcription. The expression analysis reveals that <i>HfCOL2</i> expression rhythms not only display opposing patterns between nocturnal and diurnal opening types of <i>Hemerocallis</i> but also between leaf and flower tissues. The peak expression of <i>HfCOL2</i> in flowers aligns closely with the respective opening times of diurnally and nocturnally flowering <i>Hemerocallis</i>. The overexpression of <i>HfCOL2</i> in tobacco plants led to early flowering and prolonged flower longevity. In <i>Hemerocallis</i>, the <i>HfCOL2</i> gene plays a pivotal role not only in photoperiod-induced flowering but also in the circadian rhythm-mediated regulation of flower opening time. Due to the limited availability of plant materials exhibiting distinct flower opening rhythms, research in this area has been constrained. Identifying the key genes in the flowering pathway of <i>Hemerocallis</i> can facilitate a better understanding of the mechanisms by which plants respond to circadian rhythms.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12252332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}