{"title":"Nociplastic pain: controversy of the concept.","authors":"Valdas Macionis","doi":"10.3344/kjp.24257","DOIUrl":"10.3344/kjp.24257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Classically, pain can be of a nociceptive or neuropathic nature, which refers to non-neural or neural tissue lesions, respectively. Chronic pain in conditions such as migraine, fibromyalgia, and complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), is thought to perpetuate without a noxious input. Pain in such patients can be assigned neither to the nociceptive nor neuropathic category. Therefore, a third pain descriptor, named \"nociplastic pain\", has been adopted by the International Association for the Study of Pain. The current controversy-focused narrative review updates littledebated aspects of the new pain concept. The most disputable feature of nociplastic pain is its autonomous persistence, i.e., existence without causative tissue damage, presumably because of a malfunction of pain pathways and processing. This contradicts the fact that nociplastic pain is accompanied by persistent central sensitization that has been shown to require a continuing noxious input, <i>e.g .</i>, nerve injury. Even if sensitization occurs without a lesion, <i>e.g .</i>, in psychogenic and emotional pain, peripheral stimulus is necessary to produce pain. A logical weakness of the concept is that the word \"plastic\" in biology refers to adaptation rather than to maladaptation. The pathophysiologic mechanism of nociplastic pain may, in fact, be associated with background conditions that elude diagnosis because of the limitations of current diagnostic means. Misapplication of the nociplastic pain category may weaken diagnostic alertness toward occult causes of pain. Possible diagnostic errors could be avoided by understanding that nociplastic pain is a mechanism of pain rather than a diagnosis. Clinical use of this pain descriptor deserves a wider critical discussion.</p>","PeriodicalId":56252,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Pain","volume":"38 1","pages":"4-13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11695249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142916434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of ultrasound-guided ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric nerve block on chronic pain in patients undergoing open inguinal hernia surgery under spinal anesthesia: a randomized double-blind study.","authors":"Rajendra Kumar Sahoo, Amit Pradhan, Priyadarsini Samanta, Laxman Kumar Senapati, Ganesh Chandra Satapathy","doi":"10.3344/kjp.24172","DOIUrl":"10.3344/kjp.24172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pre-operative ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric nerve block (II-IHNB) has a proven role in lessening acute postoperative pain and opioid consumption following hernia repair. However, its role in preventing post-herniorrhaphy groin pain (PHGP) is still unknown. The current study aims to assess pre-operative II-IHNB's impact on PHGP three and six months after open inguinal hernia repair under spinal anesthesia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy patients posted for inguinal hernia surgery were randomly allocated into group A (received ultrasound-guided II-IHNB with 10 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine and 4 mg [1 mL] dexamethasone) and group B (received ultrasound-guided II-IHNB with 11 mL of 0.9% normal saline). The time to first analgesic request, pain scores, opioid consumption, DN4 score, and PHGP at 3 and 6 months were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The numerical pain rating scale at movement in group A was significantly reduced at all the time intervals of 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours compared to group B. Total opioid usage was lower in group A (3.71 mg [3.90]) <i>versus</i> group B (12.14 mg [4.90]) with a mean difference of -8.43 mg (95% CI -10.54, -6.32), <i>P</i> < 0.001. The time required for the first rescue analgesic was significantly longer in group A (360 min [180-360]) <i>versus</i> (180 min [180-360]) in group B (<i>P</i> < 0.001). However, there was no difference in the incidence of PHGP at three and six months between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pre-operative ultrasound-guided II-IHNB reduces postoperative analgesic requirement but does not reduce the incidence of chronic PHGP following hernia surgery at 6 months.</p>","PeriodicalId":56252,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Pain","volume":" ","pages":"332-342"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11450299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142301820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akhil Deepak Vatvani, Pratik Patel, Timotius Ivan Hariyanto, Theo Audi Yanto
{"title":"Efficacy and safety of low-dose naltrexone for the management of fibromyalgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with trial sequential analysis.","authors":"Akhil Deepak Vatvani, Pratik Patel, Timotius Ivan Hariyanto, Theo Audi Yanto","doi":"10.3344/kjp.24202","DOIUrl":"10.3344/kjp.24202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fibromyalgia is characterized by the presence of chronic widespread pain that may impair patient's quality of life. Currently, the use of naltrexone as a therapeutic agent for fibromyalgia is not supported by enough evidence, especially from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This study aims to analyze the efficacy and safety of low-dose naltrexone (LDN) for the management of fibromyalgia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted on the Scopus, Medline, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Library databases up until May 20th, 2024. This review incorporates RCTs that examine the comparison between LDN and placebo in fibromyalgia patients. We employed random-effect models to analyze the odds ratio and mean difference (MD) for presentation of the outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 4 RCTs with 222 fibromyalgia patients were incorporated. The results of our meta-analysis showed a significant reduction in pain scores (MD: -0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.20, -0.51, <i>P</i> < 0.001, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 33%) and higher increment in pressure pain threshold (MD: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.25, <i>P</i> < 0.001, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 0%) among fibromyalgia patients who received LDN than those who only received a placebo. The fibromyalgia impact questionnaire revised and pain catastrophizing scale did not differ significantly between the two groups. LDN was also associated with higher incidence of vivid dreams and nausea, but showed no significant difference with the placebo in terms of serious adverse events, headache, diarrhea, and dizziness.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggests the efficacy of LDN in mitigating pain symptoms for fibromyalgia patients with a relatively good safety profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":56252,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Pain","volume":"37 4","pages":"367-378"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11450306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of general anesthesia type on chronic postsurgical pain following video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer: a retrospective propensity-matched cohort study.","authors":"Soo-Hyuk Yoon, Seungeun Choi, Susie Yoon, Kwon Joong Na, Jaehyon Bahk, Ho-Jin Lee","doi":"10.3344/kjp.24173","DOIUrl":"10.3344/kjp.24173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anesthetic agents are potential modifiable factors that can mitigate chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) development. This study aimed to investigate the association between propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) and the occurrence of CPSP following video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for lung cancer resection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center retrospective cohort study included adult patients with lung cancer who underwent elective VATS between January 2018 and December 2022. Patients were divided based on the maintenance anesthetic used (propofol vs. sevoflurane). The primary outcome was the presence of CPSP, defined as any level of surgical site pain recorded within 3-6 months postoperatively. The authors investigated the association between anesthetic agents and CPSP using propensity score matching with stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting (sIPTW) to adjust for confounders. Additionally, multivariable logistic regression was used to further adjust for intraoperative opioid use that sIPTW could not account for. The robustness of these associations was evaluated using the E-value.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 833 patients analyzed, 461 received propofol and 372 sevoflurane. The overall incidence of CPSP was 43.3%. After sIPTW, the use of TIVA was significantly associated with a lower incidence of CPSP (odds ratio [OR]: 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.57-0.99, <i>P</i> = 0.041), and remained significant after adjusting for intraoperative remifentanil equivalent dose (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55-0.96, <i>P</i> = 0.026). The E-values were 1.08 and 1.17, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Propofol-based TIVA is associated with reduced CPSP occurrence in VATS for lung cancer. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm the results.</p>","PeriodicalId":56252,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Pain","volume":"37 4","pages":"354-366"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11450307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neutraceuticals may supplement pharmaceutical treatment of neuropathic pain.","authors":"Woong Mo Kim","doi":"10.3344/kjp.24298","DOIUrl":"10.3344/kjp.24298","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56252,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Pain","volume":"37 4","pages":"285-287"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11450305/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Targeting nerve growth factor for pain relief: pros and cons.","authors":"Sahar Jaffal, Raida Khalil","doi":"10.3344/kjp.24235","DOIUrl":"10.3344/kjp.24235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotrophic protein that has crucial roles in survival, growth and differentiation. It is expressed in neuronal and non-neuronal tissues. NGF exerts its effects via two types of receptors including the high affinity receptor, tropomyosin receptor kinase A and the low affinity receptor p75 neurotrophin receptor highlighting the complex signaling pathways that underlie the roles of NGF. In pain perception and transmission, multiple studies shed light on the effects of NGF on different types of pain including inflammatory, neuropathic, cancer and visceral pain. Also, the binding of NGF to its receptors increases the availability of many nociceptive receptors such as transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, transient receptor potential ankyrin 1, N-methyl-D-aspartic acid, and P2X purinoceptor 3 as well as nociceptive transmitters such as substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide. The role of NGF in pain has been documented in pre-clinical and clinical studies. This review aims to shed light on the role of NGF and its signaling in different types of pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":56252,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Pain","volume":"37 4","pages":"288-298"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11450303/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiuhua Li, Rong Yuan, Yanwei Yang, Zhenlong Qin, Runqiao Fu
{"title":"Assessment of ultrasound-guided intercostal nerve block for acute herpes zoster and its' possible prophylaxis for postherpetic neuralgia: a retrospective and case-controlled trial.","authors":"Xiuhua Li, Rong Yuan, Yanwei Yang, Zhenlong Qin, Runqiao Fu","doi":"10.3344/kjp.24111","DOIUrl":"10.3344/kjp.24111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to compare the intercostal nerve block (ICNB) and thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) for acute herpes zoster-associated pain (ZAP) and possible prophylaxis for post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study enrolled 128 patients with ZAP. Their records were stratified into standard antiviral treatment (AVT) plus US-guided TPVB (the TPVB group), AVT plus US-guided ICNB (the ICNB group) or AVT alone (the control group). Herpes zoster (HZ)-related burden of illness (HZ-BOI) within the post-procedural 30 days was defined as the primary endpoint, determined by a composite of pain severity and follow-up duration. Procedure time, rescue analgesic requirement, PHN incidence, health-related quality of life and side effects were also recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significantly lower HZ-BOI-AUC<sub>30</sub> was reported in the TPVB and ICNB groups as compared to the control group, with a mean difference of 57.5 (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and 40.3 (<i>P</i> = 0.003), respectively. However, there was no difference between the TPVB and ICNB groups (<i>P</i> = 0.978). Both TPVB and ICNB reported significantly greater improvements in PHN incidence, EQ-5D-3L scores and rescue analgesic requirements during follow-up, as opposed to the control AVT. Shorter procedure time was observed in ICNB as compared to TPVB (16.47 ± 3.39 vs. 11.69 ± 2.58, <i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both US-guided TPVBs and ICNBs were effective for ZAP, and accounted for possible prophylaxis for PHN, as compared to AVT alone. The ICNB approach could be recommended as an alternative to conventional TPVB with a better consumed procedure time and side effect profile.a.</p>","PeriodicalId":56252,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Pain","volume":"37 4","pages":"343-353"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11450304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Down-regulation of microRNA-382-5p reduces neuropathic pain by targeting regulation of dual specificity phosphatase-1.","authors":"Anjie Xu, Huili Shen, Shasha Mei, Zhongwei Wang, Qiuyi Xie, Huaqing Cui, Yunchao Chu, Baihe Feng","doi":"10.3344/kjp.24196","DOIUrl":"10.3344/kjp.24196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>MicroRNA (miRNA) plays a crucial role in neuropathic pain (NP) by targeting mRNAs. This study aims to analyze the regulatory function and mechanism of miR-382-5p/dual specificity phosphatase-1 (DUSP1) axis in NP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve as the NP model. The levels of miR-382-5p and DUSP1 were reduced by intrathecal injection of lentiviral interference vectors targeting miR-382-5p and DUSP1. The mRNA levels of miR-382-5p and DUSP1 in the dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) were measured by RT-qPCR assay. The pain behavior was evaluated by mechanical nociceptive sensitivity and thermal nociceptive sensitivity. The expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the DRGs were analyzed by ELISA assay. The targeting relationship between miR-382-5p and DUSP1 was verified by DLR assay and RIP assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the Sham group, the CCI rats exhibited higher levels of miR-382-5p and lower levels of DUSP1. Overexpression of miR-382-5p significantly decreased DUSP1 levels. Reducing miR-382-5p levels can lower the mechanical nociceptive sensitivity and thermal nociceptive sensitivity of CCI rats and inhibit the over-activation of pro-inflammatory factors. Reduced miR-382-5p levels decreased NP in CCI rats. DUSP1 is the target of miR-382-5p, and down-regulation of DUSP1 reverses the inhibitory effect of reduced miR-382-5p levels on NP.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Down-regulation of miR-382-5p inhibits the over-activation of pro-inflammatory factors by targeting and regulating the expression of DUPS1, thereby alleviating NP.</p>","PeriodicalId":56252,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Pain","volume":"37 4","pages":"320-331"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11450301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}