Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice最新文献

{"title":"Online Dispute Resolution and Justice System Integration: British Columbia's Civil Resolution Tribunal","authors":"S. Salter","doi":"10.22329/WYAJ.V34I1.5008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22329/WYAJ.V34I1.5008","url":null,"abstract":"This article undertakes a brief comparison of private and public online dispute resolution [ODR] systems before providing an overview of the Civil Resolution Tribunal [CRT], Canada’s first online tribunal, and its ODR processes. The article discusses why the CRT has come to be, how it has been implemented, as well as its implications for civil justice reform more broadly. A main proposition is that the transformational potential of ODR will only be realized when ODR is fully integrated with public justice processes. This proposition is not without its difficulties, as the CRT’s experience illustrates. To this end, the article also provides an introduction to some of the opportunities and challenges offered by an integrated ODR system like the CRT as well as some of the steps the CRT has taken to meet these demands as transparently and collaboratively as possible.","PeriodicalId":56232,"journal":{"name":"Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice","volume":"34 1","pages":"112-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42743097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PRAXIS AND THE INTERNATIONAL (HUMAN RIGHTS) LAW SCHOLAR: TOWARD THE INTENSIFICATION OF TWAILIAN DRAMATURGY","authors":"O. Okafor","doi":"10.22329/WYAJ.V33I3.4885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22329/WYAJ.V33I3.4885","url":null,"abstract":"The article critically reflects on the role of the TWAILian international (human rights) law scholar in the socio-economic and political struggles which take place outside the academe; focusing, for the most part, on our role as scholars in advancing struggles in favour of subaltern Third World peoples from within or in concert with international institutions and various kinds of what I will refer to in this paper as “on-the-ground” activist groups (such as social movements and NGOs). The article begins by examining some of the various ideas and conceptions of praxis, so as to be clear from the outset as to the sense in which that key term is used in this context. The question of the ends or goals for which we do praxis is also discussed at this point. The discussion then moves on to the important question of what it means to enact TWAIL praxis and to do so within or in relation to international institutions or “on-the-ground” groups, and a conceptual/normative framework for such activity is offered. The paper then focuses on a relatively brief analysis of some of the experiences that the author has had as a TWAILian international (human rights) law scholar who has also been closely engaged in some way with international institutions and on-the-ground groups. Following this, a reflection on the promise and perils of such close engagement with this kind of praxis is offered. The article ends with some concluding remarks. Dans cet article, on fait une reflexion critique sur le role du chercheur TWAILien en droit international specialise dans les droits de la personne dans les luttes socioeconomiques et politiques qui se deroulent a l’exterieur des milieux universitaires; on se polarise en majeure partie sur le role que jouent les universitaires dans l’impulsion des combats en faveur des peuples subalternes du tiers monde, de l’interieur ou de concert avec des institutions internationales et divers types de ce que l’auteur appelle groupes militants « sus-terrains » (comme les mouvements sociaux et les ONG). L’article commence par un examen de certaines des idees et conceptions diverses de l’action pour etablir clairement des le depart le sens dans lequel ce terme cle est utilise dans ce contexte. La question des fins ou des buts de l’action fait egalement l’objet du debat a ce point. L’article porte ensuite sur une analyse relativement breve de quelques experiences vecues par l’auteur en tant que chercheur TWAILien en droit international specialise dans les droits de la personne qui a egalement ete associe de pres d’une quelconque maniere aux institutions internationales et aux groupes « sus-terrains ». L’auteur propose ensuite une reflexion sur la promesse et les dangers d’une participation aussi intime a ce genre d’action. L’article se termine par quelques commentaires.","PeriodicalId":56232,"journal":{"name":"Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice","volume":"33 1","pages":"1-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42495486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TWAIL’S OTHERS: A CASTE CRITIQUE OF TWAILERS AND THEIR FIELD OF ANALYSIS","authors":"Srinivas Burra","doi":"10.22329/WYAJ.V33I3.4892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22329/WYAJ.V33I3.4892","url":null,"abstract":"Third World Approaches to International Law [TWAIL] constitutes a significant method of analysis of contemporary international law. TWAIL as a methodological framework continues the tradition of critical scholarship in international law. Arguably it can be considered as a major methodological framework emerged in international law after the end of the cold war. Unlike some other critical traditions of international law scholarship, TWAIL claims to accommodate varying conceptual standpoints to reflect on international law critically. This feature of TWAIL scholarship seems to reflect the prevailing suspicion of conceptual metanarratives at the time when TWAIL as a methodological framework was emerging. A noteworthy feature of the TWAIL framework is that it broadly defines its field of analysis by claiming to represent the concerns of the global south.  However, a dispassionate interrogation arguably reveals that TWAIL, despite coming as a response to the colonialist and post-colonial hegemonic frameworks of international law, does not seem to capture the concerns of all the margins. In other words, TWAIL does not seem to reflect the multitude of mainstream international law’s others in terms of their subjective participation in knowledge production as well as in terms of their lived experiences becoming subjects of analysis. An example of this in the South Asian context is the marginalization of peoples of lower castes and indigenous peoples, who are historically kept away from knowledge production and whose lived experiences only recently received the attention as subjects of serious analysis. TWAIL scholarship does not seem to reflect this glaring reality. An attempt is made to analyze the probable reasons behind this exclusion, looking at the social being of the TWAIL intellectual, and to emphasize on the need of the organic TWAIL intellectual. Le mouvement Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL) constitue une importante methode d’analyse du droit international contemporain. En tant que cadre methodologique, TWAIL poursuit la tradition de la recherche universitaire critique en droit international. On peut considerer TWAIL comme un cadre methodologique majeur qui a vu le jour dans le droit international apres la fin de la guerre froide. Contrairement a certaines autres traditions critiques de la recherche universitaire, TWAIL pretend concilier des points de vue conceptuels varies pour avoir une reflexion critique sur le droit international. Cette caracteristique de la mission de recherche de TWAIL semble cristalliser le soupcon predominant de l’existence de metadiscours conceptuels a l’epoque ou TWAIL emergeait en tant que cadre methodologique. Une des particularites dignes de mention du cadre de TWAIL est qu’il definit  son champ d’analyse en affirmant representer les preoccupations du Sud. Toutefois, un questionnement depassionne revele peut-etre que bien que TWAIL soit une reponse aux cadres hegemoniques colonialistes et postcolon","PeriodicalId":56232,"journal":{"name":"Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice","volume":"33 1","pages":"111-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41972332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LEGAL SCHOLACTIVISTS IN THE THIRD WORLD: BETWEEN AMBITION, ALTRUISM AND ACCESS","authors":"Cynthia Farid","doi":"10.22329/WYAJ.V33I3.4887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22329/WYAJ.V33I3.4887","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that legal agents from the Third World play an important role in facilitating and advancing subaltern claims by operating as “scholactivists”. The mediums they use for such advances necessarily require leveraging of the international legal discourse and various international forums. However, their success is constrained by the dynamics of the international legal field and the ability to assimilate within a global cosmopolitan class. Legal scholactivists are examined here from a place-based perspective, locating their praxis in the geographical Third World. In so doing, this article traces the life and work of Dr. Kamal Hossain, a celebrated Bangladeshi lawyer with many accolades at home and abroad. In his long and illustrious career, Hossain has voiced subaltern and Third World concerns on the global stage through a variety of mediums including domestic and international legal practice, advocacy, international organizations and various non-profit, non-governmental and civil society organizational efforts. Although the references to Bangladesh may be very specific and are used as an illustration, it is hoped that the claims made in this paper will be generalizable and applicable to similarly situated countries. Dans cet article, l’auteure soutient que les acteurs juridiques du tiers monde contribuent largement a faciliter et a defendre les revendications subalternes en agissant en universitaires militants. Les moyens dont ceux-ci usent pour faire avancer ces causes exigent forcement l’utilisation du discours juridique international et de diverses tribunes internationales. Par contre, leur succes est limite par la dynamique du champ juridique international et la capacite d’assimiler au sein d’une classe cosmopolite mondiale. Les universitaires militants du droit sont etudies ici sous l’angle geographique : le lieu d’exercice de leurs activites se situe physiquement dans le tiers monde. Ainsi, l’auteure de l’article donne l’exemple d’un avocat du Bangladesh comme un cas d’ecole pour faire comprendre en quoi consiste exactement la defense des revendications subalternes. Il est question de la vie et de l’œuvre de Kamal Hossain, avocat bangladais repute qui a fait une brillante carriere a l’echelle nationale et internationale. Durant sa longue carriere, il a donne expression aux preoccupations subalternes et a celles du tiers monde a l’echelle planetaire par divers moyens, notamment par l’exercice du droit, dans son pays et a l’echelle internationale, en militant pour des causes, en faisant partie d’organisations internationales et en participant aux efforts d’organisation de divers organismes a but non lucratif ou non gouvernementaux et de la societe civile. Bien que les references au Bangladesh soient tres precises et servent d’exemple, on espere que les affirmations formulees dans cet article seront generalisables et applicables a des pays de la meme zone geographique.","PeriodicalId":56232,"journal":{"name":"Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice","volume":"33 1","pages":"57-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48324108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CARBON COLONIALISM OR CLIMATE JUSTICE? INTERROGATING THE INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE REGIME FROM A TWAIL PERSPECTIVE","authors":"J. Dehm","doi":"10.22329/WYAJ.V33I3.4893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22329/WYAJ.V33I3.4893","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides a TWAIL critique of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change [UNFCCC] in the aftermath of the 21st Conference of the Parties in Paris in December 2015. It engages with criticisms from the social and climate justice movement that the UNFCCC is promoting forms of “carbon colonialism” or “CO2lonialism” through its support for and establishment of international carbon trading and offsetting strategies. It proposes that using a jurisdictional approach to examine how the authority of the UNFCCC is authorized can provide key analytical tools to understand the regime. The article examines the way in which the regime is authorized by an invocation of “common concern” even as it promotes policies that marginalize the interests of those already most vulnerable to climate change. It concludes by suggesting that climate justice movements already are building different forms of commonality and that these alternative commonalties represent important new ways of thinking about global action on climate change.","PeriodicalId":56232,"journal":{"name":"Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice","volume":"33 1","pages":"129-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44453817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HISTORICIZING THE ENCOUNTER BETWEEN STATE, CORPORATE, AND INDIGENOUS AUTHORITIES ON GITXSAN LANDS","authors":"Tyler McCreary","doi":"10.22329/WYAJ.V33I3.4896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22329/WYAJ.V33I3.4896","url":null,"abstract":"This essay charts the shifting assemblage of the conduct of state, corporate, and Indigenous authority through four historical moments: mercantilism, settler colonialism, Indigenous resurgence, and corporate reconciliation. With reference to Gitxsan territories, it makes a series of interrelated arguments. The development of colonial territorial claims and regimes of governance overlapped pre-existent and ongoing Indigenous territorial relationships. The historical division between the political and economic domain reshaped the relationship between state and corporate authorities, the state deferring to corporate actors to manage relations in the economic domain. The conduct of state and corporate authorities has constrained and modified the exercise of Indigenous jurisdiction. Nevertheless, Indigenous resurgence has opened space for renegotiating the colonial legal order, including relations between extractive resource companies and Indigenous authorities. Emergent corporate practices of contracting with Indigenous authorities over development, however, reflect a reconfiguration rather than rupture of the settler colonial legal order. Corporate-Indigenous agreements rely upon colonial modes of organizing lawful political and economic conduct, and continue to block more radical and anti-colonial expressions of Indigenous jurisdiction. To expand possibilities for articulating forms of Indigenous jurisdiction that refuse the categories of colonial political economy, it is necessary to problematize the relationship between colonial state and corporate authority.  L’auteur de cet essai decrit l’evolution imbriquee de la conduite des instances de l’Etat, du monde des affaires et des peuples autochtones a travers quatre periodes de reference : le mercantilisme, le colonialisme de peuplement, la resurgence autochtone et la reconciliation avec le monde des affaires. En evoquant les territoires des Gitxsan, l’auteur presente plusieurs theses liees entre elles. La constitution de revendications territoriales et de regimes de gouvernement coloniaux a empiete sur les relations preexistantes de longue date des peuples autochtones avec leur territoire. La division historique entre les domaines politique et economique a transforme les relations entre les instances de l’Etat et celles du monde des affaires, l’Etat s’en remettant aux acteurs du monde des affaires pour gerer les relations dans le domaine de l’economie. La conduite des instances de l’Etat et du monde des affaires a cree des contraintes pour l’exercice du pouvoir autochtone, qui s’en est trouve modifie. Toutefois, la resurgence autochtone a ouvert une possibilite de renegocier l’ordre juridique colonial etabli, notamment de changer les relations entre les entreprises extractives et les responsables autochtones. Par contre, les pratiques toutes recentes du monde des affaires, qui consistent a conclure des marches avec les responsables autochtones concernant le developpement, temoignent d’une reconfig","PeriodicalId":56232,"journal":{"name":"Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice","volume":"33 1","pages":"163-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48418206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UMMNI KHAN, VICARIOUS KINKS: S/M IN THE SOCIO-LEGAL IMAGINARY","authors":"Rebecca Bromwich","doi":"10.22329/WYAJ.V33I3.4970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22329/WYAJ.V33I3.4970","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56232,"journal":{"name":"Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice","volume":"33 1","pages":"259-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44213959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CONSTITUTIONAL CHALLENGES OF THE SOUTH: INDIGENOUS WATER RIGHTS IN CHILE - ANOTHER STEP IN THE “CIVILIZING MISSION?","authors":"Amaya Alvez Marin","doi":"10.22329/WYAJ.V33I3.4888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22329/WYAJ.V33I3.4888","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the struggles of indigenous rights based on the adoption of the 1980 Chilean Constitution, under an authoritarian frame, that resulted in water being considered as a commodity and, therefore, subject to radical market rules that serves as a relevant local example in conflict with ratified international treaties. The argument proposes a critical approach to establish a continuum of the recurring rejection of the ancestral beliefs of Indigenous People since colonial times. In light of the actual constituent process for drafting a new constitution in Chile (2015), the article evaluates the emancipatory potential of Chile’s early sovereignty proposal on natural resources and later articulations of water as a human right. The argument assesses the possibility of including alternative views in the constituent debate over water, under the light of Third World Approaches to International Law [TWAIL] and Latin American International Law [LAIL] legal scholarship, aiming to find space in the Chilean constitutional realm for non-extractive perspectives. Dans cet article, l’auteure analyse les combats lies aux droits des peuples indigenes en prenant pour base l’adoption par le Chili, dans un cadre autoritariste, de sa Constitution en 1980, dont il decoule que l’eau est consideree comme une marchandise et est, en consequence, assujettie a des lois du marche radicales. La Constitution chilienne est un exemple local pertinent de mesure incompatible avec les traites internationaux ratifies. La these de l’auteure propose une demarche critique visant a etablir la continuite du rejet systematique des croyances ancestrales des peuples autochtones depuis l’epoque coloniale. Dans le cadre de l’actuelle procedure constituante de refonte de la Constitution du Chili (2015), l’auteure evalue le potentiel emancipateur du premier projet de souverainete sur les ressources naturelles et les enonces posterieurs faisant de l’eau un droit de la personne humaine. Sa these porte sur la possibilite d’integrer les points de vue non conventionnels dans le debat constituant sur l’eau, a travers le prisme de la mission universitaire juridique de Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL) et de Latin American International Law (LAIL), dans le but de faire une place aux perspectives non orientees sur l’extraction dans le cadre constitutionnel chilien.","PeriodicalId":56232,"journal":{"name":"Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice","volume":"33 1","pages":"87-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48342102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LEARNING FROM BELOW: THEORISING GLOBAL GOVERNANCE THROUGH ETHNOGRAPHIES AND CRITICAL REFLECTIONS FROM THE GLOBAL SOUTH","authors":"Sujith Xavier","doi":"10.22329/WYAJ.V33I3.4918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22329/WYAJ.V33I3.4918","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the various means by which we can overcome the universalism imbedded in international law and international institutions. It asks: How can international lawyers and international law scholars learn from the Global South? This ‘how’ question prompts another, but related question: should we learn from the Global South?  There is a rich interdisciplinary body of literature that signals to the Global South, or Europe’s other, as a site of knowledge production. The eurocentrism of the social sciences can be identified by examining the various founding fathers of their respective theories (especially sociology). This paper builds on southern theory in order to learn from these diverse perspectives in theorising global governance. This paper is organised in three sections. First, it sets out the rationale for a reorientation towards the Global South by examining the current state of global governance theory. In the second section, this paper focus on the broad theoretical foundations of the Third World Approaches to International Law [TWAIL] movement. TWAIL scholarship is a reaction against the colonial and imperial projects of international law. Its main claims are set out and then there is an examination of its proposals as a means to arrive at an answer to the second question: should we learn from the Global South? In the final section, this paper explores the question of how we can learn from the Global South. In answering this question, the author offers two insights. The first is based on the premise of international law as a field of practice. The second attempts to problematise the ethics of international legal scholarship. Dans cet article, l’auteur examine les divers moyens par lesquels on peut surmonter l’universalisme dont le droit international et les institutions internationales sont petris. Il pose la question de savoir comment les avocats en droit international et les universitaires faisant des travaux en droit international peuvent apprendre quelque chose du Sud. Cette question en souleve une autre, qui est liee : celle de savoir si nous devrions apprendre quelque chose du Sud.  Il existe un riche corpus interdisciplinaire d’ecrits qui indiquent que le Sud ou l’autre peripherie de l’Europe sont des lieux de production de connaissances. On peut deceler l’eurocentrisme des sciences sociales en etudiant les differents peres fondateurs de leurs theories respectives (surtout en sociologie). Dans cet article, l’auteur  fait fond sur la theorie du Sud pour tirer des enseignements de ces diverses perspectives en formulant une theorie sur la gouvernance mondiale. Cet article est divise en trois parties. Dans la premiere, l’auteur expose la justification d’une reorientation vers le Sud en etudiant l’etat de la theorie de la gouvernance mondiale. La deuxieme partie porte sur les fondements theoriques generaux du mouvement Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL). La mission universitaire de TWAIL est une reaction con","PeriodicalId":56232,"journal":{"name":"Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice","volume":"33 1","pages":"229-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48255189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PLACING TWAIL SCHOLARSHIP AND PRAXIS","authors":"Sujith Xavier, Amar Bhatia, U. Natarajan, J. Reynolds","doi":"10.22329/WYAJ.V33I3.4880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22329/WYAJ.V33I3.4880","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56232,"journal":{"name":"Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44974552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}