Safety and Health at Work最新文献

{"title":"Artisanal Gold Mining in Mongolia: Silica Exposure and Silicosis Risk Factors-Field Survey","authors":"Densenbal Dansran ,&nbsp;Ichinnorov Dashtseren ,&nbsp;Garamjav Khishigdavaa ,&nbsp;Solongo Bandi ,&nbsp;Byambadolgor Dagviikhorol ,&nbsp;Naransukh Damiran ,&nbsp;Bayanmunkh Tseden ,&nbsp;Bat-Erdene Moyor ,&nbsp;Jun-Pyo Myong","doi":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Silicosis remains a critical occupational health challenge, particularly among artisanal and small-scale gold miners (ASGM). This study investigates the prevalence of silicosis and its associated risk factors, while assessing the levels of respirable dust and crystalline silica exposure in Mongolian artisanal miners.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 124 employees of the Tsagaan Tsakhir artisanal gold miners in Bayankhongor Province, Mongolia. Participants completed questionnaires and underwent medical exams, including spirometry and X-rays. Dust samples (<em>n</em> = 10) were collected during a working day, and the workplace was divided into underground exploration and outdoor grinding areas. Multivariate analysis evaluated risk factors for silicosis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Underground quarrying (dry) showed the highest exposures (dust geometric mean (GM): 8.107 mg/m³; silica GM: 2.156 mg/m³), followed by grinding (dust GM: 1.374 mg/m³; silica GM: 0.555 mg/m³). Wet quarrying and packaging tasks had significantly lower levels. A total of 124 male participants (mean age 35.9, mean work years 5.7) were included. Twenty four participants (19.4%) had silicosis, with 58% having profusion 2 or higher. Multivariate analysis showed increased odds of silicosis with longer work years (OR = 2.6) and specific work positions (e.g., underground drilling: OR = 6.23).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Artisanal gold miners in Mongolia face significant health risks due to high silica exposure and inadequate protective measures. Urgent interventions, including improved dust control and routine medical surveillance, are needed to mitigate silicosis risks in this vulnerable population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56149,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Health at Work","volume":"16 2","pages":"Pages 187-192"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Europe's Overlooked Health and Hygiene Issues in Migrant Worker Housing: A Call for Action","authors":"Yogindra Samant ,&nbsp;Mireya R. Fabregat ,&nbsp;Mahinda Seneviratne","doi":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the overlooked health and hygiene challenges faced by migrant workers in Europe, focusing on their substandard housing conditions. Migrant workers, crucial to sectors like agriculture, manufacturing, and healthcare, are often housed in overcrowded, unsanitary environments that contribute to serious health risks. Poor ventilation, inadequate sanitation, and pest infestations lead to the spread of infectious diseases, respiratory issues, and gastrointestinal ailments. Additionally, the psychosocial impact of insecure living conditions—stress, anxiety, and depression—further harms workers' well-being. These housing issues intersect with occupational hazards, exacerbating the health burden for workers in demanding, highrisk jobs. Despite the gravity of these problems, there is a significant lack of data and research, hindering effective policy action. The paper calls for stronger regulations on housing quality, improved access to healthcare, and enhanced occupational health measures to protect migrant workers. It also advocates for increased research and international cooperation to address these issues. The paper urges key stakeholders like the ILO, WHO, and ICOH to collaborate on developing comprehensive strategies to improve housing, health, and safety for migrant workers, ensuring their health and well-being is prioritized in policy and practice across Europe, and globally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56149,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Health at Work","volume":"16 2","pages":"Pages 255-257"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Earned Sick Leave Policy on Worker Wellbeing Across Industries","authors":"Hannah I. Rochford ,&nbsp;Aurora B. Le","doi":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Earned sick leave (ESL) policies enable employees to have paid time off to address short-term, individual, or familial health needs. In the U.S., ESL is not federally mandated, but state ESL adoption has increased. Despite this increase, if and how ESL policies impact nonfatal illness/injury reporting by workers remain unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Average treatment effect on the treated estimates of ESL policies were reached using two-way fixed effects and Gardner's two-stage difference-in-differences approach. Annual state rates of occupational nonfatal illness/injury reports were derived from the Bureau of Labor Statistics for each North American Industry Classification. ESL policy data were accessed from Temple University Center for Public Health Law Research's Law Atlas.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In states that adopted ESL prior to 2019, two-way fixed effect analyses suggest a marginally significant increase in rates of nonfatal illness/injury reports across industries (+0.064 cases per 100 full-time workers, <em>p</em> = 0.10) following the implementation of ESL policies. Industries with low proportions of insured employees did not experience a change in reported illness/injury following ESL policy adoption. Industries with high proportions of employees with known barriers to care also experienced no change in reported illness/injury post ESL adoption.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>ESL policy enactment is a promising strategy for improving worker wellbeing by encouraging reporting to employers and foreseeably increasing use of time off for illness/injury recovery. However, results also suggest ESL policies do not benefit all employees to the same extent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56149,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Health at Work","volume":"16 2","pages":"Pages 164-171"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Activity is the Most Dangerous to Work in? Estimation of the Risk Level of Economic Activities in Ecuador","authors":"Antonio R. Gómez-García ,&nbsp;Raúl Gutierrez-Álvarez ,&nbsp;Alywin H. Chang-León ,&nbsp;José A. García-Arroyo","doi":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Classifying economic activities into risk levels is an occupational health and safety practice that several countries worldwide observe. It allows government agencies to formulate public policies with occupational risk prevention requirements tailored to each activity's needs. Further, this level of risk directly influences companies' contributions to occupational risk insurers, whether public or private, according to the dangerousness of their activity. In Ecuador, the classification of economic activities into risk levels was carried out by a Committee of Experts based on administrative data. However, this classification has been questioned for its lack of objectivity and for using administrative records, where underreporting cases limit the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the data.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional, descriptive, and comparative study uses data from the National Survey of Employment, Unemployment, and Underemployment (ENEMDU). Estimates of the incidence rates of injuries and illnesses by economic activity were grouped into three clusters (high, medium, and low) according to the level of risk.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>An alternative risk classification of economic activities was obtained and compared with the existing classification.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our results help mitigate the uncertainty in the current risk classification of economic activities' lack of methodological rigor and evaluate the relevance of using data from the ENEMDU survey. They also allow a comparison of two risk classifications developed from different methodologies and data sources. From a practical perspective, the results will help decision-makers clarify current regulations in Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56149,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Health at Work","volume":"16 2","pages":"Pages 172-179"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balancing and Conflict Between Work and Family Life of Sandwiched Caregivers: A Scoping Review","authors":"Ayumi Honda ,&nbsp;Mayo Ono ,&nbsp;Takahiro Nishida ,&nbsp;Sumihisa Honda","doi":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this scoping review was to advance our understanding of the balancing and conflict between work and family life experienced by sandwiched caregivers. Five online databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library) were systematically searched between 20 Apr 2024 and 11 July 2024 for articles written in English and published between 1999 and July 2024, focused on the impact factors on work–family life balance and/or conflict of sandwiched caregivers. These database searches identified 58 citations, which resulted in 46 unique articles following the removal of duplicates. Title and abstract screening were identified for full-text review, twenty of these were excluded at full-text review, and leaving 13 articles for inclusion. We identified and categorized them into three key themes: (1) conflicts between work and family life and (2) impact of conflicts between work and family life on psychological well-being and (3) coping with conflicts between work and family life. The literature reviews suggested that the balance and conflict between work and family life were associated with work hours, flexibilities in work and workplace, and partner support in the sandwiched caregivers. Especially, flexible work arrangements and maintaining social connection were the stress-coping strategies for balancing work and family life. In an aging society, building a truly supportive and flexible workplace culture, along with increasing and utilizing formal care services for child-rearing and aged care, is more effective in promoting the well-being of sandwiched caregivers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56149,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Health at Work","volume":"16 2","pages":"Pages 156-163"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonauditory Impacts of Industrial Noise Exposures: A Case Study From a Steel Manufacturing Industry","authors":"Ranjith Sakthivel,&nbsp;Latha Perumal Kamalakannan,&nbsp;Rekha Shanmugam,&nbsp;Vidhya Venugopal","doi":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Excessive workplace noise poses a significant threat to occupational health, impacting both auditory and nonauditory health. This research examined the nonauditory effects of noise on steel workers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study of 80 industrial workers exposed to occupational noise was conducted with approval from the institutional ethics board and management. Nonauditory impacts such as fatigue, headache, vertigo, sleeplessness, and fainting were assessed. Noise levels were measured using an American National Standards Institute sound-level meter, and blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded before and after shift. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 20).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study revealed that 57% of workers experienced noise exposure exceeding the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists threshold limit values, with an average exposure of 88.5 dBA (range: 80.2–96.9 dBA). High-noise exposure was linked to fatigue (54%) and chronic headaches (5%). Preshift and postshift HRs were 82 ± 9 and 92 ± 13 bpm, respectively, while systolic and diastolic BPs averaged 135 ± 17 and 90 ± 11 mmHg, respectively. Significant cross-shift HR differences were observed in the blooming mill (<em>p</em> = 0.002) and bar and roll mill (BRM) (<em>p</em> = 0.010). Noise levels were significantly associated with systolic (<em>p</em> = 0.002) and diastolic (<em>p</em> = 0.001) BP in the bar and roll mill.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>High occupational noise exposure may have adverse physiological effects. Despite existing regulations, enforcement and compliance remain inadequate. Implementing engineering controls, hearing conservation programs, and stringent policies is crucial to protect workers in high-noise industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56149,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Health at Work","volume":"16 2","pages":"Pages 243-248"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiological Changes in Chest Computed Tomography Findings of School Cooks: A Comparative Study With Age-matched Controls","authors":"Jung Hee Hong ,&nbsp;Jin Young Kim ,&nbsp;Kiook Baek","doi":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study investigates subclinical radiologic changes in the respiratory system in school cooks with long-term exposure to cooking oil fumes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using low-dose chest computed tomography screening data, we compared 88 school cooks to an age- and sex-matched control group of 88 individuals to assess the presence of lung nodules, bronchial wall thickening, and lymph node size variations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results demonstrated a significantly higher prevalence of solid nodules in cooks (75.0% vs. 33.0%, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Additionally, the thickness of the right bronchial wall (1.41 ± 0.19 mm vs. 1.33 ± 0.18 mm, <em>p</em> = 0.004) and the left bronchial wall (1.31 ± 0.21 mm vs. 1.25 ± 0.20 mm, <em>p</em> = 0.044) were significantly greater in the exposed group. Cooks also had larger lymph nodes at various sites: right paratracheal or hilar (4.12 ± 1.66 mm vs. 3.13 ± 1.36 mm, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), left paratracheal or hilar (2.63 ± 1.50 mm vs. 1.98 ± 1.27 mm, <em>p</em> = 0.002), subcarinal (3.44 ± 1.58 mm vs. 2.47 ± 1.16 mm, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), right inferior interlobar (3.90 ± 1.16 mm vs. 2.85 ± 0.90 mm, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), and left inferior interlobar (3.83 ± 1.22 mm vs. 3.02 ± 1.11 mm, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study demonstrated that individuals with long-term employment as school cooks exhibited subclinical yet detectable radiologic findings in the lungs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56149,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Health at Work","volume":"16 2","pages":"Pages 228-235"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational Health and Safety Training by Cross-Reality: Preliminary Results From SCISSOR Project","authors":"Maria Grazia Lourdes Monaco ,&nbsp;Alessandro Greco ,&nbsp;Elpidio Maria Garzillo ,&nbsp;Anna Rita Corvino ,&nbsp;Antimo Cardilicchio ,&nbsp;Nadia Miraglia ,&nbsp;Salvatore Gerbino ,&nbsp;Francesco Caputo ,&nbsp;Roberto Macchiaroli ,&nbsp;Marcello Fera ,&nbsp;Monica Lamberti","doi":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) training is a crucial component of workplace safety. In recent years, Cross-reality (XR) has emerged as a viable path for immersive and successful training experiences. This paper presents preliminary results from the SCISSOR project, a groundbreaking initiative exploring the potential of XR technologies in enhancing OHS training, especially in healthcare setting regarding ionization radiation exposure.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>This quasi-experimental pilot study consisted of several stages from July 2021 to June 2022. Phase 1 consists of the realization of the virtual scenario, Phase 2 in XR setting up and laboratory simulation, and lastly, and Phase 3 based on the on field testing.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>About 60 participants, including students and researchers, participated in Phases 1 and 2 preliminary testing and 9 healthcare workers (HCWs) in Phase 3. Phase 1 involved the 3D reconstruction of a real-life scenario using digital photogrammetry. These models were then utilized to recreate the operating room scenario and program interactions with the equipment. In Phase 2, the overall appreciation for the level of realism, comfort, and usability of the application was investigated. The test results demonstrated a general appreciation for the application and its effectiveness. Phase 3, concerning field tests, involved HCWs. The results suggest that XR technologies hold significant promise in revolutionizing OHS training, offering a more engaging, effective, and adaptable approach to workplace safety education.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The SCISSOR project’s initial findings underscore the potential of XR as a transformative tool in OHS training, ultimately contributing to safer workplaces, reduced accidents, and enhanced overall employee well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56149,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Health at Work","volume":"16 2","pages":"Pages 200-212"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Intervention Strategies to Prevent Occupational Heat Stress. A Scoping Review","authors":"Sepehr Khorshid ,&nbsp;Siyuan Song","doi":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rising global temperatures threaten workers worldwide, especially in outdoor and indoor industries like construction, manufacturing, agriculture, and mining. The current guidelines for reducing heat-related risks in these sectors lag behind those in sports and military settings. The objective of this study is to map applicable strategies across various sectors and summarize preventive strategies and methodologies. A scoping review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews. PubMed and ScienceDirect were searched for articles on internal, external, and administrative interventions. In total, 5,280 articles published between January 2020 and March 2024 were initially identified. Following a meticulous screening process, 49 articles were selected for in-depth review in this study. Notably, a considerable proportion (56%) of these studies focused on external interventions. This review revealed that a multifaceted approach is necessary to enhance the decision-making process for effectively addressing heat stress, regardless of occupational settings. This approach encompasses considerations of environmental factors, individual physiological aspects, and cooling methods. The review also highlighted limitations in effective and practical heat stress prevention strategies across various industry sectors, including the absence of dietary guidelines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56149,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Health at Work","volume":"16 2","pages":"Pages 134-144"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Workplace Lateral Violence Training for Healthcare Workers: A Scoping Review","authors":"Marie-Eve Corneau ,&nbsp;Martin Lauzier","doi":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Violence is common in healthcare settings. Several studies have highlighted the prevalence of lateral violence (i.e violence between colleagues) among healthcare workers. For healthcare organizations, the preferred solution is often to provide workplace training to reduce such violence. However, few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of such training. This scoping review of 19 studies reveals several findings. The main conclusions are that these studies are limited in their ability to provide a clear answer as to the effectiveness of this type of training, given the small number of studies on the subject, their great heterogeneity and their shortcomings on several levels (i.e. conceptual, methodological, and evaluative). The absence of criteria to evaluate the learning transfer that may result from such training is an important shortcoming. In light of these observations, avenues are proposed to guide future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56149,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Health at Work","volume":"16 2","pages":"Pages 127-133"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}