Zongkui Xie , Lihua Li , Peng Wen , Liai Gao , Yao Yu , Zhongqiang Wu
{"title":"Distributed control for DC microgrids with cyber attacks and constraints: A fault-tolerant model predictive controller","authors":"Zongkui Xie , Lihua Li , Peng Wen , Liai Gao , Yao Yu , Zhongqiang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Communication security issues pose severe challenges to stability of microgrid system. This paper designs a cooperative control method based on fault-tolerant distributed model predictive control (DMPC) for DC microgrid against possible false information injection (FDI) attacks and communication constraints problems. First, a state variable is defined based on the voltage and current information, thereby deriving a system model of the microgrid under the cyber-physical framework. Then, since a combined uncertainty term consisting of attacks and disturbances exists in the constructed system model, an expanded state observer (ESO) is proposed to observe the uncertainty term. Further, based on the constructed system model and the designed ESO, a fault-tolerant distributed model predictive controller is designed. In the controller, DMPC is utilized to constrain the communication information and ensure the boundedness of the communication state and physical state. Simulation results indicate that the proposed DMPC-based distributed control method can achieve stable voltage regulation and accurate current sharing, and maintain smooth operation even under FDI attack, which verifies the feasibility for the proposed method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 101487"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141849861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saroj Paudel , Quentin De Boever , Jiangfeng Zhang , Beshah Ayalew , Pierluigi Pisu , Matthew Castanier
{"title":"Design optimization of mobile vehicle-borne microgrids","authors":"Saroj Paudel , Quentin De Boever , Jiangfeng Zhang , Beshah Ayalew , Pierluigi Pisu , Matthew Castanier","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Interest in isolated microgrids continues to increase as more applications are being explored, such as military bases located in isolated areas, supplying critical infrastructures during emergencies, etc. This paper considers the integration of packaging into the optimal design of a vehicle-borne microgrid suitable for such an application with space limitations. The advantages of this type of microgrid are mobility and the ability to operate while mobile or stationary. Various types of micro-sources are considered to meet multiple loads. To this end, a mixed-integer nonlinear problem is formulated to integrate multiple micro-source sizing and packaging options. The relationship between loads and capital investment is investigated through four different case studies. The case study results show that the proposed optimization framework is highly flexible and effective in finding a design solution for varying operational scenarios<strong>.</strong> Unlike existing approaches, the proposed method considers packaging constraints in the selection of micro sources ensuring microgrid mobility and rapid deployment, and also identifies a packaging solution for the selected micro sources. A comparative case study showed that the existing approach results in a 20 kW PV favoring renewable sources while the proposed method results in a 10 kW PV prioritizing the packaging and mobility.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 101480"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141847459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Lauria , F. Mottola , G. Giannuzzi , C. Pisani , S. Tessitore
{"title":"Power systems stabilizers online tuning based upon parameters dynamic estimation","authors":"D. Lauria , F. Mottola , G. Giannuzzi , C. Pisani , S. Tessitore","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper deals with the tuning of power system stabilizers based upon an estimation procedure properly tailored for online applications. The growth of renewables in modern power systems imposes constant verification of the current operating condition and the effective tuning of power system stabilizer parameters to comply with a satisfactory damping factor of general system behavior. More specifically, an online procedure is proposed for the estimation of the current operating point and the consequent tuning of the parameters of the power system stabilizers. The estimation procedure combines the system’s dynamic response to a probing signal with the available measurements of power and voltage at the generator terminal side. The parameters of the current operating point are then derived through the least squares minimization between the measurement and power deviations. At the aim of the parameter tuning procedure, with respect to the estimated operating point, proper modeling that considers the presence of damper windings within the design methodology is proposed for better describing the dynamic performances. The proposed design procedure can combine both the specifications in the frequency domain of the phase compensation and those relating to the appropriate location of the eigenvalues of the dynamic matrix of the system. In the numerical application, the proposed approach is shown to be very effective in terms of current operating point estimation and consequent tuning of the power system stabilizer parameters in the range of interarea oscillations and local oscillations, thus counteracting the renewed requirements for stability issues in modern power systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 101481"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352467724002108/pdfft?md5=2114300275d84c8b21042ab59d436410&pid=1-s2.0-S2352467724002108-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141847835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maoyi Zhou , Sheng Chen , Kun Huang , Jiaben Liang , Ming Fu , Guoqiang Sun
{"title":"Coordination of medium-voltage distribution networks and microgrids based on an aggregate flexibility region approach","authors":"Maoyi Zhou , Sheng Chen , Kun Huang , Jiaben Liang , Ming Fu , Guoqiang Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The large-scale integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) presents operational challenges for medium-voltage distribution networks (MVDNs) and microgrids (MGs) because the conventional centralized scheduling framework lacks of an effective information exchange mechanism for coordinating the scheduling between MVDNs and MGs while supporting privacy concerns. The present work addresses these issues by leveraging a convex hull-based aggregate flexibility region (AFR) associated with the scheduling capability of massive DERs to coordinate the scheduling between an MVDN and MGs efficiently with very limited information exchange. Specifically, the AFR associated with the DERs in an MG is constructed based on the convex hull fitting method, and coordinated scheduling is facilitated by introducing safety operation constraints for the MVDN based on the AFRs of the MGs. Moreover, the coordination model is transformed into a readily solvable quadratically constrained quadratic programming problem by applying second-order cone transformations. The results of numerical computations applied to an IEEE 33-bus test system demonstrate that the obtained AFRs effectively characterize the flexible scheduling capability of DERs, and the proposed coordinated scheduling mechanism between the MVDN and MGs reduces the network losses and voltage deviations of the MVDN, while preserving information privacy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 101485"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141839476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A resilience-oriented pre-positioning approach for electric vehicle routing and scheduling in coupled energy and transport sectors","authors":"Xun Zou, Yi Wang, Goran Strbac","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High-impact low-probability (HILP) events have occurred more frequently than before and caused severe damage to conventional power systems. Energy hubs (EHs) consist of various distributed energy resources (DERs) for energy generation, conversion and storage across different sectors. The high energy integration of EH systems makes them more robust under extreme events than traditional power systems. In addition, the large penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) has been witnessed in modern energy systems due to their significant benefits in accelerating transport electrification and reducing carbon emissions. Due to the characteristics of mobility and flexibility, EVs can be utilised as mobile energy resources in coupled energy and transport sectors and shift energy between different regions via effective routing and scheduling behaviours. In this context, this paper proposes a resilient-oriented pre-positioning approach for the routing and scheduling of multiple EVs in a coupled energy-transport system, where the energy system includes multiple EHs across both electricity and heat sectors. To simulate real-world scenarios, uncertainties associated with renewable generation, load profiles, and EV commuting time as well as contingencies related to component failures are incorporated into the proposed pre-positioning approach via stochastic programming. Extensive case studies are carried out based on an EH system including three EHs and five EVs, which illustrate that EVs can coordinate with static DERs in the system and perform energy shifting between different EHs via appropriate routing and scheduling behaviours. Additionally, results demonstrate that the proposed pre-positioning approach can achieve higher resilience level and ensure the supply continuity of critical loads.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 101484"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352467724002133/pdfft?md5=37edf1fe0a977c3525365024b4caa7b8&pid=1-s2.0-S2352467724002133-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141853061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Styliani A. Vomva , Georgios C. Kryonidis , Angelos I. Nousdilis , Georgios C. Christoforidis , Grigoris K. Papagiannis
{"title":"Detailed modeling of droop-controlled multi-energy systems under unbalanced operation","authors":"Styliani A. Vomva , Georgios C. Kryonidis , Angelos I. Nousdilis , Georgios C. Christoforidis , Grigoris K. Papagiannis","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Considering the residential sector, greenhouse gas emissions can be effectively reduced by the widespread deployment of distributed renewable energy sources (DRESs) in low-voltage (LV) electrical networks (ENs). Through the electrification and the integration of different energy systems, the exploitation of the locally generated renewable energy can be further increased, acting also as an efficient countermeasure to the technical challenges in ENs posed by the intermittent nature of DRESs. This work deals with the modeling of multi-energy systems (MESs) consisting of unbalanced ENs and district heating networks (DHNs), formulated based on existing EN and DHN models. The developed model is enhanced by the incorporation of a thermal droop control scheme into the controllable sources of DHN, i.e., heat pumps (HPs). The validity of the proposed model is assessed via time-series simulations on a MES composed of a benchmark unbalanced LV EN and a real DHN. It is shown that the integrated droop control scheme can act as a means towards overvoltage mitigation, temperature control and reduced MES losses, improving the operational reliability and exploitation of the DRES potential. Therefore, the proposed model could be useful for system operators and decision makers for the efficient planning and operation of MESs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 101479"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141847878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Therese Lundblad, Maria Taljegard, Niclas Mattsson, Elias Hartvigsson, Filip Johnsson
{"title":"An open data-based model for generating a synthetic low-voltage grid to estimate hosting capacity","authors":"Therese Lundblad, Maria Taljegard, Niclas Mattsson, Elias Hartvigsson, Filip Johnsson","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study develops and applies an open data-based reference electricity grid analysis (REGAL) model designed to create a synthetic representation of a low-voltage (LV) grid for a country-size geographic area. The model enables large-scale grid simulation in which new loads, such as electric vehicle charging, can be added to estimate their impacts on the current LV grid. The modeling is carried out in three steps: (1) generation of a synthetic LV grid; (2) addition of residential loads, including electric vehicle charging; and (3) evaluating if the grid capacity is exceeded. The grid is generated by selecting transformers and cables so that the system can fulfill the current demand while meeting national regulations and standards for distribution grids, all at the lowest total cost. This paper presents the results of calibration and validation against real-world data for the predicted electricity demands and synthetic grid generated by the model. Different calibration values were explored, and the accuracy of the estimations of grid capacities was calibrated using proprietary real-world data from grid operators. For a region with multiple grid cells, an average deviation from real-world data of ±10 % was achieved. For an average area of 1 km<sup>2</sup>, the error was 44.5 %, which means that the model is not suitable for analysis on this geographic level. However, the level of accuracy is deemed sufficient for initial estimations of hosting capacity for larger geographic areas, such as a region or a country, thereby enabling estimations of hosting capacity in new areas that lack publicly accessible grid capacities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 101483"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352467724002121/pdfft?md5=568f075c149c99ff79a66e6a68c51f0f&pid=1-s2.0-S2352467724002121-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141849959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distributed weighted average predictive control and delay margin analysis for an islanded microgrid with time delay","authors":"Zhiping Cheng, Kaifang Wang, Zhongwen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101474","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101474","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The time delay is inevitable in the communication process of actual microgrids (MGs), which may lead to controller failure and even affect stability. This paper proposes a distributed weighted average prediction (WAP) control for the secondary control of islanded MGs with time delay and analyzes its delay margins. Firstly, a secondary control strategy is designed to achieve the frequency and average voltage recovery and accurate active and reactive power-sharing. Secondly, a WAP strategy is proposed to improve the delay margin of the designed MG system. Finally, the stability and delay margin of the MG system is analyzed in the frequency domain and a rigorous formula is derived to calculate the delay margin. Compared with the system without WAP control, the delay margin of the system can be increased by 15.8%. The simulation results and the experimental results based on the StarSim Modeling Tech Real-time experimental platform verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method. The results demonstrate that the proposed control strategy can improve the delay margin of the system. The proposed analysis method can obtain the expression of specific system delay margins, which can guide the parameter design.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 101474"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141950119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fernando-David Martín-Utrilla , José Pablo Chaves-Ávila , Rafael Cossent
{"title":"Analyzing the boundaries for TSO-DSO coordination when activating flexibility for DSO´s in networks with an expected significant load increase","authors":"Fernando-David Martín-Utrilla , José Pablo Chaves-Ávila , Rafael Cossent","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Transmission System Operators (TSO) and Distribution System Operators (DSO) coordination literature deals with different coordination schemes or coordination methodologies. However, consumer actions or regular DSO operations continuously affect the system balance operation, and no major coordination is required as these actions individually have negligible impacts on the overall system. The literature has not previously analysed where the limit beyond which coordination is necessary. This question requires an analysis of the DSO operations where the need for coordination is foreseen and a case-by-case study of what type of impacts are created by the activation of the DSO flexibility resources on the responsibilities of the TSO. Such analysis helps to define thresholds and scenarios considering existing changes in distribution networks, which can be a reference for delimitating costly coordination procedures. This paper presents a revision of all the possible scenarios of the DSO operation needs and their impacts on TSO responsibilities considering the possible TSO/DSO borders at different voltage levels. Afterward, a methodology is proposed to analyse more deeply the impact of flexibility activation with an expected significant load increase. Representative case studies evaluate the possible impacts on TSO responsibilities of local flexibility activation. This paper concludes that the impact of local flexibility is expected to be significant when large power changes are managed in the short term, estimated in more than 50 MW if the DSO operates in 132 kV or more than 15 MW if the DSO operates up to 66 kV. At LV or MV level, minor coordination would be needed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 101482"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141851628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PP-LEM: Efficient and Privacy-Preserving Clearance Mechanism for Local Energy Markets","authors":"Kamil Erdayandi , Mustafa A. Mustafa","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we propose a novel Privacy-Preserving clearance mechanism for Local Energy Markets (PP-LEM), designed for computational efficiency and social welfare. PP-LEM incorporates a novel <em>competitive</em> game-theoretical clearance mechanism, modelled as a Stackelberg Game. Based on this mechanism, a privacy-preserving market model is developed using a partially homomorphic cryptosystem, allowing buyers’ reaction function calculations to be executed over encrypted data without exposing sensitive information of both buyers and sellers. The comprehensive performance evaluation demonstrates that PP-LEM is highly effective in delivering an incentive clearance mechanism with computational efficiency, enabling it to clear the market for 200 users within the order of seconds while concurrently protecting user privacy. Compared to the state of the art, PP-LEM achieves improved computational efficiency without compromising social welfare while still providing user privacy protection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 101477"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352467724002066/pdfft?md5=a143959cb4a44455d94eddc609b58c66&pid=1-s2.0-S2352467724002066-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141952030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}