The role of thermostatically controlled loads in power system frequency management: A comprehensive review

IF 4.8 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI:10.1016/j.segan.2025.101680

Sumit Nema , Vivek Prakash , Hrvoje Pandžić

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Thermostatically Controlled Loads (TCLs) operate as decentralized Energy Storage Systems (ESS) that have the ability to adapt their power usage in accordance with fluctuations of the grid frequency. They offer a viable solution for addressing the decline in inertia and can be utilized to provide Fast Frequency Response (FFR). This review paper extensively examines control strategies developed in the recent literature on grid frequency control from TCLs in power systems. There is a need to create Fast Frequency Control (FFC) mechanisms that optimize the utilization of TCLs to address the specific challenges and opportunities in such systems. This review paper provides a thorough audit on the current state of research in the FFR, specifically focusing on control schemes, strategies and methodologies proposed for integrating TCLs. Additionally, it investigates the diverse controllers and techniques discussed in academic works. By identifying the strengths and limitations of these strategies, mechanisms, and controllers, this review provides insights into the design and optimization of the frequency control mechanisms for power systems that incorporate TCLs.

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来源期刊

Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks Energy-Energy Engineering and Power Technology

CiteScore

7.90

自引率

13.00%

发文量

206

审稿时长

49 days

期刊介绍： Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks (SEGAN)is an international peer-reviewed publication for theoretical and applied research dealing with energy, information grids and power networks, including smart grids from super to micro grid scales. SEGAN welcomes papers describing fundamental advances in mathematical, statistical or computational methods with application to power and energy systems, as well as papers on applications, computation and modeling in the areas of electrical and energy systems with coupled information and communication technologies.