Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks最新文献

{"title":"Differentiable programming for gradient-based control and optimization in physical systems","authors":"Daniel López-Montero ,&nbsp;Patricia Hernando-Sánchez ,&nbsp;María Limones-Andrade ,&nbsp;Adolfo García-Navarro ,&nbsp;Adrián Valverde ,&nbsp;Juan Manuel Sánchez Parra ,&nbsp;Juan M. Auñón","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents an exploration of the application of control theory, particularly utilizing a gradient-based algorithm, to automate and optimize the operation of photovoltaic panels and refrigeration systems in warehouse environments. The study emphasizes achieving coordination between energy generation and consumption, specifically harnessing surplus solar energy for efficient refrigeration. The complex interplay between fluctuating solar irradiance, thermal dynamics of the warehouse, and refrigeration needs underscores the significance of control theory in designing algorithms to dynamically adjust PV panel output and refrigeration system operation. The paper discusses foundational control theory principles, proposes a tailored framework for warehouse operations, and highlights the potential for sustainable energy practices. This paper explores the use of data-driven approaches based on NeuralODEs vs classical ones using physics equations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 101495"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141997351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the model flexibility of the geographical distributed real-time co-simulation: The example of ENET-RT lab","authors":"A. Mazza ,&nbsp;G. Benedetto ,&nbsp;E. Pons ,&nbsp;E. Bompard ,&nbsp;A. De Paola ,&nbsp;D. Thomas ,&nbsp;E. Kotsakis ,&nbsp;G. Fulli ,&nbsp;S. Vogel ,&nbsp;A. Acosta Gil ,&nbsp;A. Monti ,&nbsp;S. Bruno ,&nbsp;C. Iurlaro ,&nbsp;M. La Scala ,&nbsp;A. Bonfiglio ,&nbsp;P. Cepollini ,&nbsp;F. D’Agostino ,&nbsp;M. Invernizzi ,&nbsp;M. Rossi ,&nbsp;F. Silvestro ,&nbsp;D. Villacci","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The decarbonization of the energy sector represents a challenge that requires new tools and approaches of analysis. This paper aims to demonstrate the fundamental role that geographical distributed real-time co-simulations (GD-RTDS) can play in this regard. To this end, three different case studies have been analyzed with GD-RTDS, covering a wide range of applications for the energy sector decarbonization: (a) implementation of Renewable Energy Communities for supporting the share increase of Renewable Energy Sources, (b) the integration and management of Onshore Power Supply, and (c) the integration of a forecasting tool for the management of the Electric Vehicle charging. The performed experiments included fully simulated components, together with (power) hardware-in-the-loop and software-in-the-loop elements. These components have been simulated in different laboratory facilities in Italy and Germany, all operating in a synchronized manner under the presented geographically-distributed setup. The results show that the proposed architecture is flexible enough to be used for modeling all the different case studies; moreover, they highlight the significant contribution that the GD-RTDS methodology can give in informing and driving energy transition policies and the fundamental role of power systems to spearhead the complete decarbonization of the energy sector.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101501"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352467724002303/pdfft?md5=9dd4b5a7b5da0a161115cb6052ec2469&pid=1-s2.0-S2352467724002303-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A detection based on particle filtering and multivariate time-series anomaly detection via graph attention network for automatic voltage control attack in smart grid","authors":"Zhigang Lu ,&nbsp;Guangxuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiangxing Kong ,&nbsp;Jianhua Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaoqiang Guo ,&nbsp;Jiangfeng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Automatic Voltage Control (AVC) attack is a novel attack that targets voltage control instructions sent to generators from the dispatching center. A successful AVC attack can manipulate reactive power or terminal voltage of generators without being detected, causing the voltages of pilot buses to deviate from the reference values received from the dispatching center. This poses a threat to the safe and stable operation of power systems. This paper proposed a detection based on Particle Filtering (PF) and multivariate time-series anomaly detection via graph attention network (MTAD-GAT). Although each method can detect AVC attacks independently, the coordination of the two methods can be more effective. PF and MTAD are utilized to predict the voltage changes of the pilot bus in the next moment. To combine them, adaptive weights are employed, and an adaptive hybrid prediction can be calculated. The moment can be identified as attacked if the absolute value of the difference between the pilot bus voltage and the reference value exceeds a threshold automatically chosen by Peaks Over Thresholds (POT) theory. The proposed method has been validated through simulations on the IEEE 39-bus 6-partition Coordinated Secondary Voltage Control (CSVC) system and has shown to be effective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101494"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coordination of solar battery hybrid power plants and synchronous generators for improving black start capability","authors":"Michael Beck,&nbsp;M.J. Hossain","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Renewable generation utilizes inverter-based technology which is much different than the coal and nuclear synchronous machines it is replacing. The electrical network was designed around big synchronous machines providing constant dispatchable power and innate inertia to dampen frequency disturbances. The network protection system is based on high available fault current provided by the big generators. The renewable plants have a variable fuel supply, no inertia, and provide less fault current for system protection. A hybrid power plant with renewables, energy storage, and a synchronous generator can play a significant role in restoring power system operation after the occurrence of a blackout. This paper presents an improved method to utilize inverter-based resources (IBR) with existing synchronous generation to improve the black start capability while minimizing the overall system’s operation cost and providing additional ancillary grid services. A battery energy storage system is modeled with grid forming inverters to provide black start to the synchronous unit while the solar is modeled with grid following inverters. A Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) is developed to model the auxiliary load for reducing the fuel consumption in synchronous generators and reducing the cost. Several case studies are conducted to verify the performance of the grid forming inverters with battery storage to start the largest direct online (DOL) and soft start motors. Utilizing actual synchronous generator auxiliary load data for a year, a quasi-dynamic simulation analysis is performed to determine energy storage requirements for black start. Finally, the energy benefits of the solar installation are estimated from simulating the hybrid system for 1 year. A reduced fuel burn simulation is performed by constraining the export power to the actual data and reducing synchronous generation to account for the solar generation and the reduced auxiliary load. The study finds that the IBR resources are capable of successfully black starting the synchronous generator and reducing fuel consumption and earning additional revenue from the solar plants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 101489"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352467724002182/pdfft?md5=0c86b1bbcf5ce827a6a76114d386614a&pid=1-s2.0-S2352467724002182-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141950935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamical heterogeneity and universality of power-grids","authors":"Bálint Hartmann ,&nbsp;Géza Ódor ,&nbsp;István Papp ,&nbsp;Kristóf Benedek ,&nbsp;Shengfeng Deng ,&nbsp;Jeffrey Kelling","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electric power systems during transient states are extensively investigated using variations of the Kuramoto model to analyze their dynamic behavior. However, the majority of current models fail to capture the physics of power flows and the heterogeneity of the grids under study. This study addresses this gap by comparing the levels of heterogeneity in continent-sized power grids in Europe and North America to reveal the underlying universality and heterogeneity of grid frequencies, electrical parameters, and topological structures. Empirical data analysis of grid frequencies from the Hungarian grid indicates that q-Gaussian distributions best fit simulations, with spatio-temporally correlated noise evident in the frequency spectrum. Comparing European and North American power grids reveals that employing homogeneous transmission capacities to represent power lines can lead to misleading results on stability, and nodal behavior is heterogeneous. Community structures of the continent-sized grids are detected, demonstrating that Chimera states are more likely to occur when studying only subsystems. A topographical analysis of the grids is presented to assist in selecting such subsystems. Finally, synchronization calculations are provided to illustrate the occurrence of Chimera states. The findings underscore the necessity of heterogeneous grid models for dynamic stability analysis of power systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 101491"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352467724002200/pdfft?md5=1c3c18579694aaadb4ac365d0b1dade2&pid=1-s2.0-S2352467724002200-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141961108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-stage optimization placement of DPMUs based on node metric indices","authors":"Junjie Lin ,&nbsp;Haoyu Chen ,&nbsp;Changxu Jiang ,&nbsp;Kunyu Han ,&nbsp;Xinchi Wei ,&nbsp;Chen Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The proliferation of distributed energy resources and the introduction of new loads in distribution networks present significant challenges for monitoring and operation. To satisfy the enhanced observability and controllability requirements of modern distribution networks, there is an increasing demand for advanced monitoring devices. Distribution Network Phasor Measurement Units (DPMUs) offer high-precision measurement data with precise timestamps, thereby improving both the accuracy and redundancy of measurements within the distribution network.This paper introduces an optimization model for the strategic placement of PMUs within distribution networks, leveraging node metric indices. The indices considered are node degree, spatiotemporal correlation, and node power ratio. The relative importance of these indices is determined using an improved entropy weight method, which quantifies the differentiation of nodes within the network. This method facilitates the prioritized placement of DPMUs at critical nodes. The proposed model also incorporates constraints such as the depth of unobservability and zero injection nodes. Utilizing a 0–1 integer programming algorithm, the model derives a multi-stage optimal placement scheme for PMU placement. This scheme evolves from incomplete observability to critical observability and ultimately to full redundancy. Importantly, this approach allows for the monitoring of key nodes within the distribution network and enhances measurement redundancy without necessitating an increase in the number of placements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 101488"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141952031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-efficient microgeneration renewable energy provision dimensioning for sustainable 5G heterogeneous network","authors":"Adil Israr ,&nbsp;Qiang Yang ,&nbsp;Ali Israr","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The deployment of mobile networks has imposed an urgent requirement for the pursuit of low-carbon communication infrastructures. The increasing energy consumption of mobile networks has brought about challenges of techno-economic and environmental sustainability. Renewable energy-enabled mobile networks have received a lot of attention due to their capability to evade greenhouse gas emissions and easy availability. Microgeneration-based renewable energy provision is a feasible and effective solution for 5G networks. Dimensioning of microgeneration renewable energy power supply is an essential issue to make the system operate for a long period cost-effectively with a minimum amount of grid energy consumption. For effective deployment of microgeneration renewable energy system, it is essential to provision it with adequate PV panel capacity and storage devices. This work attempts to identify the cost-effective, energy-efficient, and emissions-aware sizing of PV panels and storage for 5G HetNet. An energy-saving strategy based on an optimal policy of advanced sleep modes and traffic-aware load offloading is developed and the interaction of the energy-saving strategy on the system dimensioning is explicitly examined. The proposed solution aims to ensure the communication quality of service whilst keeping the optimal cost-effective deployment and network operation. The system performance in terms of grid energy consumption, empty storage probability, emission performance, and total cost of the system is extensively assessed through experiments for a range of operational scenarios. The numerical results demonstrated that the proposed sustainable energy system dimensioning and operation integrated with an energy-saving strategy is energy-efficient and cost-effective.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 101493"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141952596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hybrid cyber–physical risk identification method for grid-connected photovoltaic systems","authors":"Maria Fernanda Oliveira Santos ,&nbsp;Wilson de Souza Melo Jr. ,&nbsp;Alan Oliveira de Sá ,&nbsp;Marco Pasetti ,&nbsp;Paolo Ferrari","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Identifying risks in modern electric power systems is essential, and one of the main difficulties concerns covering the wide range of technologies that permeate its cyber and physical domains. Different risk identification methods have been proposed, but applying them individually does not guarantee coverage of both domains. On the other hand, the simple non-articulated application of a set of existing risk identification methods can lead to an exhaustive and inefficient process. This paper proposes a new Cyber–Physical Risks Identification Method (CPRIM) to comprehensively and efficiently identify risks in electrical power systems. To systematically cover risks ranging from the cyber domain to the physical domain, CPRIM combines in a complimentary and articulated way the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Cybersecurity Framework, a Risk Factor model, and the HAZOP, establishing a novel hybrid risk identification approach. This work also proposes a method based on Jaccard and overlap indexes to quantitatively assess the complementarity and superposition that may exist when applying different risk identification methods to electrical power systems. The results obtained in a real computer-managed photovoltaic plant indicate that CPRIM can efficiently identify cyber–physical risks, showing a reasonable trade-off between system coverage and redundancy in identified risks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 101490"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141963790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing virtual energy sharing in renewable energy communities of residential users for incentives maximization","authors":"Marialaura Di Somma ,&nbsp;Mohammad Dolatabadi ,&nbsp;Alessandro Burgio ,&nbsp;Pierluigi Siano ,&nbsp;Domenico Cimmino ,&nbsp;Nicola Bianco","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Renewable energy communities (RECs) are considered a promising tool for putting the citizens at the center of the energy transition, while also promoting self-sufficiency coming from local resources and decarbonization through high penetration of renewables. A key challenge when operating RECs is represented by the number of decision variables to consider depending on the number and type of community participants and distributed technologies, while also considering the associated uncertainties. Moreover, the monetarization of energy shared in the community for benefitting residential users is crucial. The contribution of this paper is to present an innovative stochastic linear programming model for optimizing the energy sharing in RECs to maximize revenues associated with the incentives for the energy shared as established by the Italian regulation. The REC under study consists of a condominium with a PV plant installed on the rooftop, and air conditioning and battery storage systems installed in each apartment. The problem is to find the optimal control strategies for air conditioning systems and batteries with a 15-minute time-step, which maximize the expected revenue from energy sharing while meeting the users’ comfort requirements and preventing users’ bills from increasing. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the optimization model to maximize the energy shared and the related revenues through the optimal control of installed assets. The combined optimized strategies of both air conditioning and batteries allow for finding the best performance of the REC in terms of maximization of the energy shared. In this latter case, the expected total revenue for users for the energy sharing increases by 59.7 %, 38.7 % and 12.6 % as compared to the baseline case with no optimal control, the case with control of air conditioning only, and the case with control of batteries only, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 101492"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352467724002212/pdfft?md5=1212c14a424297f4452f609beb62f9b5&pid=1-s2.0-S2352467724002212-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141841508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly-efficient single-level robust transmission expansion planning approach applicable to large-scale renewable energy integration","authors":"X. Zeng ,&nbsp;J. Chen ,&nbsp;X. Yin ,&nbsp;H. Chen ,&nbsp;Z. Liang ,&nbsp;S. Zhang ,&nbsp;B. Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2024.101486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Robust transmission expansion planning (RTEP) approaches are crucial for addressing the uncertainty associated with renewable energy sources (RESs). However, existing methods often yield overly conservative solutions and exhibit low computational efficiency, especially when dealing with a large number of RES units. To overcome these limitations, we propose a simplified single-level RTEP framework based on scenarios captured in advance from historical data by searching the vertices of a convex hull. These scenarios, referred to as robust scenarios, are guaranteed to produce robust solutions that are consistent with the traditional two-stage adaptive robust TEP (ARTEP) approach in terms of robustness and optimality. Finally, the speed for solving the single-level model is increased by applying a probability-based method to determine the odds of the robust scenarios being the worst-case scenario. Numerical results obtained for the Garver 6-bus system, the IEEE 118-bus system, and the Polish 2383-bus system demonstrate that the proposed approach saves 91.71 %, 93.39 %, and 98.84 % of the required computational time, respectively, compared to the ARTEP approach.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 101486"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141853500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}