Graeme Flett , Paul Tuohy , Gary Howorth , Ivana Kockar
{"title":"An optimal approach to the pre-implementation value assessment of smart energy systems; A ‘green’ hydrogen case study","authors":"Graeme Flett , Paul Tuohy , Gary Howorth , Ivana Kockar","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Smart energy systems can be used to generate additional financial value by providing flexibility to the electricity network. It is fundamental to the effective economic implementation of these systems that an assessment can be made in advance to determine available value in comparison with any additional costs. The basic premise is that there is a distinct advantage in using similar algorithms to an actual smart energy system implementation for value assessment and that this is practical in this context, which is confirmed in comparison with simpler modelling methods. Analysis has been undertaken, using a ‘green’ hydrogen system case study, of the impact of various simplifications to the value assessment algorithms used to speed computation time without sacrificing the decision-making potential of the output. The results indicate, that for localised energy systems with a small number of controllable assets, an rolling horizon optimisation model with a significant degree of temporal and component complexity is viable for planning phase value assessment requirements, and would be a similar level of complexity to a computationally suitable implementation algorithm for actual asset control decision making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 101924"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144892320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimal allocation of fast frequency response in power systems considering inertia distribution","authors":"Gabriel Covarrubias Maureira , Claudia Rahmann , Rodrigo Palma-Behnke , Vijay Vittal","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a security-constrained economic dispatch formulation to optimize the allocation of fast frequency response (FFR) reserves, considering inertia distribution. A novel inertia density index, derived from network topology and generator characteristics, is introduced to identify locations where FFR is most effective. This is incorporated through an amplification factor into a frequency security constraint, influencing the allocation and enhancing the frequency dynamic performance of the power grid. This approach minimizes operational costs by strategically allocating synchronous and FFR reserves, ensuring both economic efficiency and frequency stability. The methodology and formulation are validated using a detailed model of the Chilean national electric system, demonstrating its effectiveness in improving dynamic frequency response control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 101905"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144889720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soheil Saadatmandi, Andrea Mazza, Gianfranco Chicco
{"title":"Strategy-based multi-objective solutions for photovoltaic power curtailment","authors":"Soheil Saadatmandi, Andrea Mazza, Gianfranco Chicco","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a novel approach to minimise the photovoltaic (PV) generation curtailment by encompassing the minimisation of the distribution system losses and the application of fairness concepts in a multi-objective framework. Differently from the classical ways to approach multi-objective problems with progressive update of the Pareto front, in this paper the Pareto front is constructed starting from merging the multi-objective results obtained by the application of different basic fairness-related strategies. The suggested solution is then determined by using the TOPSIS method for ranking the Pareto front solutions. Furthermore, an original way to construct a refined strategy that extends the TOPSIS results from the basic fairness-related strategies is presented, based on the definition of losses-related correction factors calculated from the losses allocated to the system nodes. The proposed approach is applied to two test distribution networks, with violations of voltage magnitude limits or branch loading limits. The results show the effectiveness of applying the refined strategies to obtain a trade-off for the PV generation curtailment in different PV systems by maintaining low distribution system losses and with satisfactory fairness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 101913"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xu Li , Haoyu Zhang , Lin Gui , Jiakang Wang , Yuping Lu
{"title":"Comprehensive reliability enhancement scheme for wind farm collector relaying system based on inverse-time fitting optimization and WTG tripping-risk classification assessment","authors":"Xu Li , Haoyu Zhang , Lin Gui , Jiakang Wang , Yuping Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101882","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101882","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The wind farm collector relaying system (WFCRS) plays a crucial role in ensuring the power supply reliability of wind turbine generators (WTGs) during internal collector line (CL) faults. However, the existing WFCRS is designed with a conventional two-section overcurrent protection (OCP) arrangement, leaving it vulnerable to both vertical and horizontal reliability issue that are critical but have not been comprehensively addressed in existing research. These reliability challenges are further compounded by the evolving grid code requirements for WTGs. This paper proposes a three-step comprehensive scheme, encompassing inverse-time fitting optimization and WTG tripping-off risk classification assessment, to enhance the reliability performance of the WFCRS. On the one hand, the proposed scheme is capable of adaptively adjusting its tripping logic by considering the operational status of WTGs on both faulty and non-faulty CLs. Additionally, the proposed scheme does not necessitate high-bandwidth communication channels and additional control improvement for WTGs, providing valuable insights for existing WFCRS installations often located in remote areas with limited infrastructure. Extensive simulation results under various fault conditions confirm the identified reliability issue of the WFCRS and demonstrate the anticipated performance of the proposed scheme.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 101882"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144781148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmad Hafezimagham , Hamid Reza Baghaee , Gevork B. Gharehpetian , Roya Ahmadiahangar
{"title":"Enhancing hosting capacity of PVs and PHEVs for improved voltage flexibility in microgrids","authors":"Ahmad Hafezimagham , Hamid Reza Baghaee , Gevork B. Gharehpetian , Roya Ahmadiahangar","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101894","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101894","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In contemporary power networks, the widespread use of Variable Energy Resources (VERs) has created challenges for grid stability and system flexibility. Flexibility is essential for managing supply-demand imbalances while controlling the unpredictability of VERs. To enhance flexibility, it is crucial to adopt strategies that integrate renewable resources efficiently into the grid, minimizing their negative impact. This paper presents a novel approach to evaluate hosting capacity (HC) and network flexibility, focusing on the integration of electric vehicles (EVs) and photovoltaics (PVs). A new flexibility index is introduced, combining hosting capacity and voltage flexibility, considering the uncertainty of solar power generation and network load demand. Using a modified version of the IEEE 33-bus distribution network, we model different scenarios, demonstrating that without proper EV charging/discharging management and solar power optimization, the network flexibility is reduced by up to 15 %. However, optimal control strategies improve the network’s flexibility by 35 %, significantly enhancing hosting capacity. Our results show that the proposed flexibility index is highly effective in evaluating and improving hosting capacity, providing a robust tool for grid operators to manage VER integration efficiently. The findings also highlight the importance of integrating flexible resources and energy management strategies to improve the grid’s overall resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 101894"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144781149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A priority scheduling approach for charging station revenue maximization with allocating different battery sizes of PEVs","authors":"Adepu Vamshi, Nakka Jayaram","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread adoption of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) causes risks to the distribution grid through complex power management and voltage dips. To address these issues, research focuses on ways to improve the charging and discharging behaviors of PEVs. The integration of slow and fast charging PEVs into the transportation network's existing charging stations (CSs) is investigated in this paper. Adjusting the state of charge (SOC) of PEVs alleviates queuing difficulties and reduces peak load and power losses; it also presents a model for PEV discharging that users may utilize to make revenue. Taking queueing and waiting periods into account, a priority scheduling approach is implemented to increase CS revenue and decrease voltage violations. The average minimum and maximum final SOC of slow-charging PEVs are found to be 0.2768 and 0.3094, respectively, and for fast-charging PEVs, they are 0.2752 and 0.3080. The average minimum and maximum charging times of slow-charging PEVs are found to be 58.8672 min and 62.7865 min, respectively, and for fast-charging PEVs, they are 11.6854 min and 12.5060 min. The suggested method successfully optimizes PEV scheduling and enhances system performance, according to experiments carried out on the IEEE 33-bus distribution system with varied degrees of PEV penetration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 101895"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144781151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emergency control scheme for high distributed energy penetrated systems considering elelectro-thermal coupling effect","authors":"Shunxiang Yu, Xiaoming Dong, Tianguang Lu, Yuejian Wu, Chengfu Wang, Yong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101885","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101885","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Meteorological externalities that affect power system generation, transmission, and distribution, with their impact magnified under extreme weather conditions. Traditional emergency control schemes are inadequate in considering the flexible adjustment of distributed energy resources (DERs) and ignore the errors caused by the electro-thermal coupling (ETC) of the overhead transmission line (OTL) influenced by ambient factors. Therefore, this study proposes an improved emergency control model, involving the formulations of the ETC power flow (ETC-PF) to incorporate variations in OTL resistance/temperature due to weather conditions. Then, Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) is employed to obtain a set of system operation scenarios based on the probability distribution of DERs and load power. Furthermore, an iterative linear programming (LP) based optimization model for emergency control including adjustments of DERs and load is established. The consideration of the maximum allowable line temperature as a security constraint allows the proposed model to generate an optimal control scheme under specific ambient conditions. Case studies conducted on IEEE 14-bus test systems demonstrate that ambient factors significantly impact emergency control costs through ETC effects, demonstrating the efficacy of the new formulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 101885"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144772117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weiqing Sun, Haofang Huang, Tingwei Chen, Haibing Wang
{"title":"A two-stage source-load interaction power supply and demand matching method based on the ultra-high share of renewable power system","authors":"Weiqing Sun, Haofang Huang, Tingwei Chen, Haibing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101887","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101887","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As renewable energy (RE) penetration in power systems continues to progress toward ultra-high levels, traditional supply-demand matching methods will struggle to meet the operational requirements of ultra-high share of renewable energy power systems (UHRPS). A two-stage source-load interaction method for matching power supply and demand is proposed, considering the security and economics of power system operation. In the first stage, a spatiotemporal power mismatch responsibility quantification model is developed by combining RE output and source-side flexibility capacity, generating an Ideal Load Incentive Curve (ILIC) to guide flexible load adjustments for minimizing mismatched power. In the second stage, a distributionally robust optimization (DRO) model is developed to address power imbalances that exceed the source-load flexibility capacity under wind-PV uncertainty, quantifying potential power imbalance risks through load curtailment and renewable energy (RE) curtailment. Finally, the validation is carried out by a modified IEEE 30-bus system. The case studies verify the proposed methodology's superior economic efficiency and risk mitigation under extreme power imbalance scenarios compared to the Customer Directrix Load (CDL). The comparisons analyze the impacts of varying factors on the imbalance risks, offering insights for system flexibility development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 101887"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144781150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptive ensemble learning for real-time detection of price manipulation attacks on smart meters","authors":"Mayank Arora , Gururaj Mirle Vishwanath , Ankush Sharma , Naveen Chilamkurti","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid deployment of smart meters in distribution networks has enabled fine-grained energy monitoring and dynamic pricing, but has also introduced cybersecurity vulnerabilities such as price manipulation attacks (PMAs). We propose an adaptive ensemble learning framework for real-time PMA detection that combines decision trees, support vector machines (SVMs), and ridge-regularized logistic regression into a dynamically weighted ensemble, allowing the model to adapt to evolving attack patterns without full retraining. On a synthetic dataset of 1000 and 5 000 samples, implemented in MATLAB R2024a on an Intel i7 CPU with 16 GB of RAM, our framework achieves 90.33 % accuracy and an F1-score of 0.71. These results demonstrate robust, scalable, and practical PMA detection suitable for edge-device deployment, offering utilities a reliable solution for preserving market integrity and prosumer trust.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 101881"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144781152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paolo Vitulli , Emanuele Principi , Stefano Squartini , Giulia Tanoni , Antonio Gagliano , Giuseppe Marco Tina
{"title":"Energetic, exergetic, economic and environmental analysis of a photovoltaic/thermal system equipped with thermoelectric generators","authors":"Paolo Vitulli , Emanuele Principi , Stefano Squartini , Giulia Tanoni , Antonio Gagliano , Giuseppe Marco Tina","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In photovoltaic panels, the solar energy not converted into electricity turns into thermal energy, raising the panel’s temperature and reducing efficiency. One potential solution to harness this thermal energy is to use a photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system equipped with thermoelectric generators (TEGs). In this study, we present a new Matlab/Simulink model of a PV/T-TEG system and evaluate its annual performance from energetic, exergetic, economic, and environmental perspectives. We compare the results across three locations (Macapá, Almería, and Wien) and various TEG configurations. Furthermore, the possibility of nighttime energy production by TEGs is investigated. The findings indicate that the annual electricity production of the PV/T-TEG system can increase by up to 6.6 % compared to the PV/T system, with an increase in exergy efficiency of up to 6.2 % if only electrical energy is considered. However, installing TEGs is economically disadvantageous and less efficient energetically and exergetically when considering the thermal energy of the PV/T system as a useful output. Lastly, the findings show that a small amount of electrical power can also be produced at night.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 101803"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144772118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}