Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection最新文献

{"title":"Discriminating ST3 and non-ST3 Staphylococcus lugdunensis using MALDI-TOF and machine learning analysis.","authors":"Yu-Hsiang Ou, Lee-Chung Lin, Hsin-Yao Wang, Jang-Jih Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2026.03.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2026.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147492272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition of mitochondrial ROS turns LC3-associated phagocytosis to autophagy upon resveratrol treatment for group A Streptococcus clearance in endothelial cells.","authors":"Yi-Lin Cheng, Marcia Shu-Wei Su, Chen-Chieh Liao, Ting-Wei Chang, Yi-Chun Hsieh, Shiou-Ling Lu, Hiroko Omori, Takeshi Noda, Ying-Ling Chu, Chia-Ling Chen, Yee-Shin Lin, Jiunn-Jong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2026.03.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2026.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Group A Streptococcus (GAS; Streptococcus pyogenes), which causes a broad spectrum of diseases, has been found to invade cells to avoid host immune clearance and antibiotic killing. Our previous findings have shown that the virulence factors of GAS-NAD-glycohydrolase depletes intracellular NAD⁺ to inhibit xenophagy, and streptolysin O increases the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) to promote ineffective LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP), thereby impairing GAS clearance in endothelial cells. However, how endothelial cells counteract these strategies for GAS clearance has yet to be comprehensively investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We therefore speculated that resveratrol (RSV), a potent antioxidant and NAD⁺-dependent deacetylase-sirtuin activator, could be a potential antibacterial drug upon GAS infection in endothelial cells. To investigate the effect and the underlying mechanism of RSV on GAS infection, RSV was supplemented to human microvascular endothelial cell line-1 (HMEC-1) upon GAS infection, followed by detection of bacterial growth and examination the cellular regulation to LAP and xenophagy pathway.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RSV significantly inhibited intracellular GAS multiplication in endothelial cells through increasing acidification and double-membrane formation of LC3-positive GAS-containing vacuoles. RSV upregulated the expression of autophagy-related proteins but downregulated the LAP-related proteins in GAS-infected endothelial cells. Knockdown of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) dismissed the effect of RSV on enhancement of autophagic clearance of GAS and suppression of mtROS, which may participate in regulation of acidification of LC3-positive GAS-containing vacuoles and LAP-related proteins expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RSV promotes intracellular GAS clearance in endothelial cells by shifting the ineffective LAP pathway to functional xenophagy through SIRT3-mediated inhibition of mtROS.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147534666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus during the COVID-19 era-a retrospective analysis with mechanistic investigation.","authors":"Chia-Tse Weng, Yu-Tung Hsieh, Wei-Chieh Lin, Yi-Ting Yen, Pin Ling, Hung-Wen Tsai, Chrong-Reen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2026.03.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2026.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Viral infection plays an important role in driving activity of autoimmune diseases. Preceding SARS-CoV-2 infection has been observed to trigger disease flares in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Besides cytomegalovirus, SARS-CoV-2 can induce pulmonary capillaritis to develop diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH), a respiratory emergency of SLE.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Owing to lack of comprehensive studies for SARS-CoV-2-triggered DAH in SLE, we conducted a monocentric analysis with mechanistic investigation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Hospitalized SLE patients were retrospectively analyzed for the DAH manifestation in the COVID-19 era since December 2019, focusing on those with preceding SARS-CoV-2 infection. Peripheral blood (PB) and lung tissues samples and immune/alveolus cell lines were used for mechanistic research.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-five DAH episodes were identified in 21 SLE patients (3% occurrence), all in disease flares with high activity scores. During the domestic omicron variant outbreak, 7 patients (33%) had preceding SARS-CoV-2 infection, 3 to 7 weeks earlier to the onset of DAH, while they had elevated IL-6, nitro-oxidative stress- and cell death-associated molecules levels in PB and lung tissues with enhanced apoptosis formation. IL-6-stimulated alveolus/immune cells exhibited a dose-dependent increase in nitro-oxidative stress- and cell death-associated molecules levels, up-regulated p38MAPK/NF-κB-p65 phosphorylation, raised ROS expression and enhanced apoptosis formation. These findings implicated cell death induced by IL-6-activated nitro-oxidative stress to generate circulating immune complexes with pulmonary deposition as the mechanism for DAH preceded by SARS-CoV-2 infection in SLE.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The DAH manifestation preceded by SARS-CoV-2 infection is observed in SLE with disease flares, requiring careful monitor and management of COVID-19 in such patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147492306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global perspectives on pertussis epidemiology, macrolide resistance, and management in the post-COVID-19 era (2020-2024).","authors":"Quying Yang, Yijun Yang, Bingjie Liu, Lina Xu, Yu Ma, Jing Zhou, Yuqing Wang, Chuangli Hao, Wujun Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2026.03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2026.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pertussis, caused by Bordetella pertussis, remains a substantial public health threat despite long-standing vaccination programs. Widespread non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) during COVID-19 were accompanied by marked declines in reported pertussis activity in many settings. However, relaxation of containment measures has been followed by resurgence, characterized by atypical outbreak patterns and shifts in case distribution, bacterial genotypes, and affected populations. Emerging evidence suggests that these changes are multifactorial, including altered contact patterns and immunity gap, disruptions and recovery in routine immunization and surveillance, waning or suboptimal vaccine-induced protection, pathogen adaptation, and improved case detection through expanded diagnostic capabilities. Addressing these challenges will require coordinated strategies to restore and optimize immunization delivery, strengthen surveillance and laboratory capacity (including resistance monitoring), and update clinical management guidance in the context of macrolide-resistant B. pertussis. Continued research is needed to define setting-specific drivers and to inform next-generation vaccines and integrated control strategies in the post-pandemic era.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147444753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hha toxin regulates diverse phenotypes of uropathogenic Proteus mirabilis including virulence","authors":"Yueh-Jung Chao ,&nbsp;Yuan-Ju Lee ,&nbsp;Hsuan- Hsuan Chen ,&nbsp;Cheng-Yen Kao ,&nbsp;Shwu-Jen Liaw","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.08.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.08.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>To disclose <em>Proteus mirabilis</em> copper detoxification mechanisms, we performed Tn5-mutagenesis and an <em>hha</em> gene<em>-</em>disrupted mutant was isolated, exhibiting increased copper sensitivity. We investigated the role of Hha in <em>P. mirabilis</em>, focusing on the virulence aspects.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Assays of copper susceptibility, swarming/swimming, biofilm formation, persister cell formation, killing by macrophages, adhesion, invasion, urothelial cell cytokine expression, wax moth virulence, were performed. The invertible element assay, TEM, EMSA and SDM were used to examine MR/P fimbria expression, flagellar production, Hha-<em>flhDC</em> promoter binding and the importance of Hha 13th amino acid cysteine (Hha C13), respectively. RT-PCR was conducted to demonstrate the <em>tomB-hha</em> operon. Hha-related gene expression and regulation were elucidated by RT-qPCR and transcriptional reporter assay.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We showed <em>P. mirabilis hha and tomB</em> form an operon and TomB antagonized Hha toxicity. The Hha was involved in copper susceptibility, swimming/swarming, biofilm formation and persister cell formation. The <em>hha</em> mutant had lower adhesion/invasion abilities, triggered higher cytokine expression of urothelial cells and was more sensitive to macrophage killing and attenuated in wax moth. <em>P. mirabilis</em> Hha C13 is crucial in toxicity and Hha-TomB interaction. Deletion of <em>hha</em> reduced <em>relA</em>/<em>rpoS</em> expression. CpxR controlled <em>hha</em> promoter activity. Finally, copper was the signal to induce <em>cpxR</em>/<em>hha</em> expression.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We disclosed that <em>P. mirabilis</em> Hha of the toxin-antitoxin system (TA) participates in virulence and its regulation by copper-sensing CpxR. This work provides Hha as a potential drug target for combating <em>P. mirabilis</em> urinary tract infections and opens new perspectives for studying TA aiming at controlling bacterial virulence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 124-135"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of ten-day bismuth quadruple therapy for first-line anti-Helicobacter pylori infection in the elderly- A multicenter real-world report","authors":"Kuo-Hsuan Huang ,&nbsp;Wei-Chen Tai ,&nbsp;Feng-Woey Tsay ,&nbsp;Pin-I Hsu ,&nbsp;Deng-Chyang Wu ,&nbsp;Song-Seng Loke ,&nbsp;Chih-Chien Yao ,&nbsp;Seng-Kee Chuah ,&nbsp;Chih-Ming Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.06.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.06.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Aging may influence the effectiveness of <em>Helicobacter pylori</em> (<em>H. pylori</em>) eradication. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 10-day bismuth quadruple therapy as a first-line treatment for <em>H. pylori</em> infection in elderly individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from September 2018 to December 2021 in southern Taiwan. All patients received 10-day quadruple therapy consisting of rabeprazole 20 mg twice daily, bismuth subcitrate 120 mg four times daily, metronidazole 500 mg three times daily, and tetracycline 500 mg four times daily. Patients were categorized into two groups: an elderly group (aged ≥65) and a control group (aged &lt;65).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study included 231 naive patients receiving 10-day quadruple therapy. The eradication rates in the elderly and control groups were 80.3 % (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 68.1 %–89.4 %) and 85.3 % (95 % CI: 79.1 %–90.3 %) (P = 0.364), respectively, in the intention-to-treat analysis. In the per-protocol analysis, eradication rates were 89.1 % (95 % CI: 77.8 %–95.9 %) for the elderly group and 94.8 % (95 % CI: 90.0 %–97.7 %) for the control group (P = 0.149). Adverse event rates were 34.5 % in the elderly group and 27.5 % in the control group (P = 0.322). Compliance was slightly lower in the elderly group than the control group (89.1 % vs. 95.4 %, P = 0.096).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The efficacy of 10-day bismuth quadruple therapy as a first-line treatment for <em>H. pylori</em> was comparable between elderly and non-elderly cohorts, with similar levels of adverse effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 91-97"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NADPH Oxidase 4 Deficiency Enhances Dendritic Cell-mediated IL-12 Production and Th1 Responses in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection","authors":"Seunghyun Lee ,&nbsp;Hongmin Kim ,&nbsp;Yura Ha ,&nbsp;Hong-Hee Choi ,&nbsp;Lee-Han Kim ,&nbsp;Sangwon Choi ,&nbsp;Kyungmin Kim ,&nbsp;Ji-Hwan Ryu ,&nbsp;Sung Jae Shin ,&nbsp;Ju Mi Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> (Mtb) infection triggers oxidative stress, necessitating host mechanisms to maintain redox balance. The NADPH oxidase (NOX) family, which produces reactive oxygen species, plays an integral part in this process. While the protective role of NOX2 in Mtb infection is well-studied, the function of NOX4 remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To investigate the impact of NOX4, we infected C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and NOX4-deficient (<em>Nox4</em>^{<em>−/−</em>}) mice with the Mtb K strain, assessing bacterial burdens, lung pathology, and immune responses. Then, we analyzed cytokine production and signaling pathways to explore the interaction between dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><em>Nox4</em>^{<em>−/−</em>} mice exhibited reduced bacterial burden and milder lung pathology compared to WT mice, accompanied by increased DC infiltration and a higher frequency of CD4⁺ T cells of the Th1 subset that secrete interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in the lungs<em>.</em> Interestingly, <em>ex vivo</em> experiments showed no significant difference in IFN-γ production by T cells from WT and <em>Nox4</em>^{<em>−/−</em>} mice when activated using antibody-coated beads. However, Mtb-infected bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) from <em>Nox4</em>^{<em>−/−</em>} mice markedly enhanced IFN-γ production in WT T cells. Further investigation into the role of NOX4 in DCs revealed that BMDCs from <em>Nox4</em>^{<em>−/−</em>} mice infected with Mtb produced significantly higher levels of IL-12. This elevation was attributed to enhanced activation of IRF1, mediated by the AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>NOX4 negatively regulates IL-12 production in Mtb-infected DCs, suppressing Th1-mediated immunity. Its absence enhances Th1 responses, improves immune control of Mtb. Targeting NOX4 may improve tuberculosis outcomes by strengthening host immunity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 107-116"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144857131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The novel pyridine-fused quinolinone PQ-L5 exhibits antibacterial effects and enhances β-lactam activity by targeting PBP2a in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"Wei Feng ,&nbsp;Qian Yuan ,&nbsp;Xiaowen Wang ,&nbsp;Qianmei Wang ,&nbsp;Ye Wei ,&nbsp;Fengjun Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Infections caused by methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA) are becoming increasingly difficult to treat because of the resistance of this pathogen to multiple drugs and its ability to form biofilms. Therefore, the development of new antimicrobial agents to combat MRSA infections is urgently needed.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We designed and synthesized a series of structurally novel pyridine-fused quinolinones via a one-pot method, and compound PQ-L5 which exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria, especially MRSA strains was selected for further study. The bactericidal activity, synergistic antibacterial effect and antibiofilm activity of PQ-L5 were investigated, and then its <em>in vitro</em> cytotoxicity and <em>in vivo</em> anti-MRSA efficacy were evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>PQ-L5 displayed rapid bactericidal activity without inducing resistance even after continuous passage. The mechanistic study revealed that PQ-L5 inhibited peptidoglycan biosynthesis by binding to PBP2a, disrupting the bacterial cell wall and ultimately resulting in bacterial death. Furthermore, PQ-L5 restored the susceptibility of MRSA to β-lactam antibiotics and could inhibit the biofilm formation of different MRSA strains at sub-MIC concentrations both alone and in combination with oxacillin. In addition, PQ-L5 had low hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity <em>in vitro</em>, and in a mouse skin tissue infection model, PQ-L5 alone or in combination with oxacillin at a low dose reduced the MRSA load in wounds and enhanced the process of wound healing.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>PQ-L5 might be a promising antimicrobial agent against MRSA infections and that the synergistic effect of PQ-L5 combined with β-lactams reduces the required dosages of these drugs and thus minimizes potential toxic side effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 71-84"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144644165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced humoral and cellular immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in people living with HIV: A real-world analysis","authors":"Tzu-Ping Weng ,&nbsp;Ming-Chi Li ,&nbsp;Po-Lin Chen ,&nbsp;Ching-Lung Lo ,&nbsp;Jia-Ling Wu ,&nbsp;Wen-Chien Ko ,&nbsp;Nan-Yao Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.06.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.06.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Immunogenicity between mRNA and protein subunit coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in people living with HIV (PLWH) remained limited. We aimed to investigate the immunogenicity after different types of COVID-19 vaccines in PLWH and non-HIV individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>The prospective observational study encompassed PLWH and non-HIV adults after primary-booster vaccinations. Humoral immunogenicity was evaluated by serum anti-spike-protein antibody (S-Ab) titer and neutralizing antibody (Nu-Ab) activity by surrogate virus neutralization assay, while cellular immunogenicity of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) reactivity by Covi-FERON ELISA assay. The linear mixed-effects model was used for controlling confounding variables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall 188 PLWH and 192 non-HIV participants were enrolled. The S-Ab titers were significantly lower in PLWH than non-HIV participants after controlling for confounders (P = 0.01). In PLWH, booster with an mRNA vaccine elicited higher S-Ab titers (8,709 U/mL vs. 3,690 U/mL, P = 0.049) and a greater likelihood of Nu-Ab activity (57 % vs. 32 %, P = 0.03) than a protein subunit vaccine. Homologous mRNA/mRNA/mRNA strategy produced higher S-Ab titers (15,490 U/mL vs. 7,415 U/mL, P &lt; 0.01) and positive Nu-Ab activity (71 % vs. 49 %, P = 0.02) than heterologous ChAdO × 1-ChAdO × 1-mRNA regimens. Cellular immunity was comparable between PLWH and non-HIV individuals, though PLWH with CD4 counts ≥200 cells/μL were more likely to exhibit reactive IFN-γ responses (99 % vs. 83 %, P = 0.04).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Primary-booster mRNA vaccination elicited stronger humoral responses than heterologous regimens in PLWH. However, additional booster vaccines may be necessary for PLWH with low CD4 counts and diminished cellular immunity despite vaccination. These findings highlight the importance of tailored vaccination strategies for the immunocompromised population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 28-34"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144746148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence of terbinafine-resistant Trichophyton indotineae dermatophytosis in a familial cluster in Taiwan: Successful management with prolonged oral itraconazole","authors":"Han-Tang Wang ,&nbsp;Meng-Ling Li ,&nbsp;Wan-Lin Wu ,&nbsp;Chi-Jung Wu ,&nbsp;Wei-Ting Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 136-137"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144661122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}