Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection最新文献

{"title":"Emergence of terbinafine-resistant Trichophyton indotineae dermatophytosis in a familial cluster in Taiwan: Successful management with prolonged oral itraconazole","authors":"Han-Tang Wang , Meng-Ling Li , Wan-Lin Wu , Chi-Jung Wu , Wei-Ting Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 136-137"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144661122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and genomic insights into Acinetobacter parvus: A rare pathogen with low antibiotic resistance and potential clinical implications","authors":"Qin Tang ,&nbsp;Daili Zhou ,&nbsp;Fei Yan ,&nbsp;Lu Lin ,&nbsp;Juan Fang ,&nbsp;Xingchen Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.07.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Research background</h3><div>Traditionally seen as an environmental bacterium, <em>Acinetobacter parvus</em> has rarely been studied in clinical settings. Its role in human infections remains unclear, particularly in vulnerable populations. This study explores its biological traits, antibiotic resistance, and genomic features through the first systematic analysis of strain ZDL0830, isolated from an immunocompromised patient with an abscess.</div></div><div><h3>Research methods</h3><div>The strain was identified using MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA sequencing. Its growth characteristics, Gram staining, and biochemical properties were analyzed with API 20NE and VITEK 2. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested across multiple drug classes using disk diffusion, Etest, and AutoMic i600. Whole-genome sequencing provided insights into its genetic makeup, with resistance and virulence genes identified through the CARD and VFDB databases. Phylogenetic relationships were assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing and ANI/DDH analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Key findings</h3><div>The strain exhibited slow growth (visible colonies after 72 h) and limited metabolic activity but shared core pathways with other Acinetobacter species. It was susceptible to β-lactams (e.g., cefoperazone/sulbactam, meropenem) and aminoglycosides (amikacin), but resistant to ciprofloxacin and intermediately resistant to levofloxacin. Genomic analysis revealed only one resistance gene (APH_3-VIa) and virulence factors associated with biofilm formation (lpxC, bfmR) and motility (pilT, gspE1).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study sheds light on the clinical potential of <em>Acinetobacter parvus</em>, particularly in immunocompromised patients. While its low resistance profile allows for effective treatment, its ability to cause infections warrants further attention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 98-106"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First documented case of primary cutaneous coccidioidomycosis in Taiwan","authors":"Chih-Wei Liang ,&nbsp;Kun-Mu Lee ,&nbsp;Ming-Tzu Wu ,&nbsp;Ya-Ting Chang ,&nbsp;Yi-Ting Tseng ,&nbsp;Shang-Yi Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.07.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 138-139"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144692579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Levofloxacin is as effective as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the treatment of pertussis: A prospective observational study","authors":"Chuning Wang ,&nbsp;Jingjing Li ,&nbsp;Hailing Chang ,&nbsp;He Tian ,&nbsp;Jiehao Cai ,&nbsp;Mingliang Chen ,&nbsp;Zhongqiu Wei ,&nbsp;Mei Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.08.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.08.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral levofloxacin verse trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) for the treatment of macrolides-resistant pertussis in pediatric outpatients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A prospective observational study was conducted at a pediatric pertussis outpatient clinic during the pertussis outbreak in 2024. For eligible children with PCR-confirmed pertussis, administration of either levofloxacin (8–10 mg/kg/dose, once or twice daily) or TMP-SMX (4–20 mg/kg/dose, twice daily) depended on parents’ preference. Effectiveness and safety were evaluated for the 5–14 days duration of levofloxacin and TMP-SMX treatment in terms of alleviation of cough symptoms, bacteriologic clearance of <em>Bordetella pertussis</em> and adverse effects.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 193 enrolled pertussis cases, eighty-four (43.53 %) received levofloxacin and 109 (56.48 %) received TMP-SMX. After completing treatment, paroxysmal cough resolved or improved in 96.43 % of levofloxacin group and 94.50 % (103/109) of TMP-SMX group (<em>p</em> = 0.554). Nocturnal cough resolved or improved in 98.81 % of levofloxacin group and in 98.17 % of TMP-SMX group (<em>p</em> = 0.057). There was no significant difference in bacteriologic clearance rate between levofloxacin group and TMP-SMX group determined by PCR (92.00 % vs 87.06 %, <em>p</em> = 0.378) and culture (100 % vs 100 %, <em>p &gt;</em> 0.378). Symptom resolution rate did not differ significantly among patients treated for 5 or 7 days with either levofloxacin or TMP-SMX. Adverse events were reported in 9.2 % of TMP-SMX-treated patients and 2.4 % of levofloxacin-treated patients (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Drug rash was reported in nine (8.26 %) TMP-SMX-treated patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Oral levofloxacin showed a comparable clinical effectiveness and a favorable safety profile to TMP-SMX for the treatment of non-severe pertussis with a 5–7 days course in children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 117-123"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalized serum proteome profiles of COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome in response to mesenchymal stem cell therapy","authors":"Denise Utami Putri ,&nbsp;Mei-Chuan Chen ,&nbsp;Chih-Ming Weng ,&nbsp;Han-Pin Kuo ,&nbsp;Chih-Hsin Lee ,&nbsp;Chia-Li Han","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is one of the therapeutic options for COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, not all patients benefit equally and the mechanism of action of the treatment remains unknown. Herein, we aimed to elucidate the molecular response to MSC treatment in COVID-19-related ARDS, and proposed protein signature to advocate for patient selection to maximize the benefit.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Five COVID-19-related ARDS patients who consented to compassionate placenta-derived (pc)-MSC treatment were followed for clinical response and disease progression. Serum samples were collected before and after pc-MSC infusion for quantitative proteomics analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Following treatment, lung injury was significantly improved. Patients with invasive mechanical ventilation exhibited activation of inflammation, coagulation, and glucose metabolism, while it was inhibited in patients with high-flow oxygenation maintenance. Upregulations of complement system and HIF1α signaling may suggest a correlation to lung fibrosis. We proposed CD44, MMP2, MMP9, and CRP as a distinction panel to advise the response to pc-MSC treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We exploited molecular regulations in response to pc-MSC treatment for COVID-19-related ARDS and proposed protein signatures to assist treatment decisions. Large cohort study to observe the long-term impact should be implemented in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 35-44"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144676674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taiwan guideline for the diagnosis and management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Consensus statement of the Taiwan Academy of Pediatric Allergy, Asthma and Immunology","authors":"Hai-Lun Sun ,&nbsp;Yu-Hsuan Kao ,&nbsp;Hsin-Hui Yu ,&nbsp;Li-Chieh Wang ,&nbsp;Chao-Yi Wu ,&nbsp;Tsung-Chieh Yao ,&nbsp;for the Committee of the Taiwan Academy of Pediatric Allergy, Asthma and Immunology","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.05.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.05.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is one of the most common types of arthritis to affect children, with onset occurring under the age of 16. Primarily characterized by chronic inflammation of the synovium, JIA is actually a heterogenous disease, comprising several subtypes. It is therefore important to accurately identify the disease subtype, and subsequently prescribe treatments that can target the corresponding disease mechanisms. Regular monitoring during and after treatment is also necessary to mitigate related risks and adverse effects. In Taiwan, epidemiological research has shown that enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) is the predominant JIA subtype (38.6% of all cases), which differs from the epidemiological features in other countries. The Taiwan Academy of Pediatric Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (TAPAAI) therefore developed this guideline with these epidemiological characteristics in mind, and further draws upon the latest clinical evidence regarding JIA diagnosis, monitoring, and newly approved treatments, as well as recently published JIA guidelines from the United States and Germany. It is hoped that this guideline can serve as a practical and up-to-date reference for healthcare professionals, and support daily clinical practice for the enhancement of patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma calprotectin as a severity biomarker in pediatric invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infections: insights from a multicenter immune profiling study during an outbreak","authors":"José Avendaño-Ortiz ,&nbsp;David Aguilera-Alonso ,&nbsp;Concepción M. Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Jesús Oteo-Iglesias ,&nbsp;Roberto Lozano-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Eduardo López-Collazo ,&nbsp;Andrea López-Suárez ,&nbsp;Victoria Rello-Saltor ,&nbsp;Ana Belén Jimenez ,&nbsp;Beatriz Jiménez ,&nbsp;Rosa del Campo ,&nbsp;Rafael Cantón ,&nbsp;Cristina Calvo ,&nbsp;Jesús Saavedra-Lozano","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To characterize the immune signature of pediatric invasive <em>Streptococcus pyogenes</em> infections (iGAS) and identify host biomarkers associated with disease severity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Plasma samples (n = 32) were collected during an iGAS outbreak from a multicentric Spanish pediatric cohort, including patients with iGAS (n = 19), <em>S. pyogenes</em> acute tonsillitis (n = 3), and healthy children/controls (n = 10). Patients were monitored and stratified based on the need of pediatric intensive-care unit (PICU). A panel of 56 soluble markers –including cytokines, chemokines, immune-checkpoints, antimicrobial peptides, growth factors, and vascular inflammation, myeloid and thrombosis markers— were quantified in plasma.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Regardless of disease severity, children with <em>S. pyogenes</em> infection exhibited a systemic inflammatory profile characterized by an upregulation of vascular inflammation markers. Patients with iGAS requiring PICU admission were mostly infected by <em>emm1 S. pyogenes</em> harboring <em>speA</em> and <em>speJ</em> genes and exhibited an immune profile characterized by alterations in CXCL10, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, sCD14, sCD40L, calprotectin, angiopoietin 2 and HGF. Area under the ROC curve analysis revealed that calprotectin and IL-6 exhibited the best classificatory performance for PICU admission (p &lt; 0.01; AUC = 0.90 and AUC = 0.91, respectively), with an optimal Youden cut-off for calprotectin of 2753 ng/mL. A logistic regression model integrating both biomarkers and routine clinical parameters revealed an independent association between calprotectin levels and PICU admission.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Pediatric iGAS is characterized by a complex immune landscape involving a combination of vascular and immune response mediators. Plasma calprotectin levels emerge as a promising severity biomarker, potentially aiding in the early identification of high-risk patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 62-70"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144692580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maraviroc treatment for hospitalized participants with non-severe COVID-19 at risk of progression: a randomized, proof-of-concept clinical trial","authors":"Carmen Gasca-Capote ,&nbsp;José Manuel Lomas-Cabezas ,&nbsp;Abraham Saborido-Alconchel ,&nbsp;Cristina Moral-Turón ,&nbsp;María Dolores Navarro ,&nbsp;Antonio Ramos ,&nbsp;Manuel Poyato-Borrego ,&nbsp;Angela María Villalba ,&nbsp;Inmaculada Rivas-Jeremías ,&nbsp;Monserrat Domínguez ,&nbsp;Julia Praena ,&nbsp;José Miguel Cisneros ,&nbsp;Luis F. López-Cortés ,&nbsp;Ezequiel Ruiz-Mateos","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Therapeutic options for hospitalized people with COVID-19 remain limited, especially for people with non-severe COVID-19 at risk of progression. The anti-inflammatory role of maraviroc, a CCR5 antagonists, makes it a good candidate for therapeutic strategies for COVID-19.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a proof-of-concept, phase II, parallel, open label clinical trial, to evaluate the safety and efficacy of maraviroc (300 mg, bid), CCR5 antagonist, combined with standard of care (SoC) treatment compared to SoC alone during 14 days, in hospitalized people with mild COVID-19 with pneumonia and ambient air oxygen saturation &gt;94 %. Demographical, clinical, and analytical data were assayed at day 0, 7, 14 and 28.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-three participants were included, 17 in the control and 16 in the maraviroc group. The proportion of participants who experienced COVID-19 progression was 2.8 times higher in the control group than in the maraviroc group, with three participants admitted in intensive care unit versus none in the maraviroc group. The only variable associated with the time to severe COVID-19 progression was maraviroc treatment. The median time on oxygen therapy was 11 days in the control group, while the two participants in the maraviroc group had oxygen therapy for one and four days. Grade 3–4 events were only present in the control group. Maraviroc treatment was associated with a better neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and lactate dehydrogenase, IL-6 and TNF-α levels at day 7.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We observed a beneficial role of maraviroc in hospitalized participants with mild COVID-19 at risk of progression at admission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 54-61"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144762377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of antimicrobial stewardship interventions improves outcomes in adults with bloodstream infection caused by multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae","authors":"Bo-Ming Huang ,&nbsp;Ching-Lung Lo ,&nbsp;Wen-Liang Lin ,&nbsp;Ming-Chi Li ,&nbsp;Tzu-Ping Weng ,&nbsp;Hao-En Jan ,&nbsp;Po-Hsuan Tseng ,&nbsp;Sheng-Jie Yeh ,&nbsp;Wen-Chien Ko ,&nbsp;Nan-Yao Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.08.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> (MDRE) presents a significant challenge in clinical settings. We aimed to evaluate the impact of antimicrobial stewardship interventions (ASIs) on clinical outcomes in patients with MDRE bloodstream infections (BSI).</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A single-center, pre-post quasi-experimental study was conducted on patients with BSIs caused by MDRE from March 1, 2014 to February 29, 2016. Infectious disease specialists actively reviewed all positive blood culture notifications and provided evidence-based recommendations for antibiotic therapy. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and time to appropriate antibiotics. Secondary outcomes included the hospital length of stay (LOS) after BSIs and duration of antibiotic therapy among survivors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Total 193 patients were included: 73 patients in the pre-intervention period and 120 patients in the intervention period. The 30-day mortality was lower in the intervention group (12.5% <em>vs.</em> 28.8%, <em>P</em> = 0.007). Species identification of BSI pathogens was more rapidly completed (median 70 h <em>vs.</em> 76 h, <em>P</em> = 0.001), and the time to appropriate antibiotics (median 9 h <em>vs.</em> 33 h, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and duration of antibiotic therapy (10 days <em>vs.</em> 12.5 days, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) were shorter in the intervention group. Cox regression analysis revealed that ASIs were associated with a better prognosis among adults with MDRE BSIs (hazard ratio: 0.40; 95 % CI: 0.20–0.77; <em>P</em> = 0.006).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>ASIs can reduce the time to appropriate antimicrobial therapy, shorten antibiotic therapy duration, and improve clinical outcomes in patients with BSIs caused by MDRE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 85-90"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144979966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Javanicin inhibits the secretion of hepatitis B virus particles thorough the proteasome-dependent degradation of core protein","authors":"Nayeon Park ,&nbsp;Gwang-Hoon Ko ,&nbsp;Yun Seo Park ,&nbsp;Jung-Ah Kang ,&nbsp;Sang Hee Shim ,&nbsp;Sung-Gyoo Park","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the primary cause of liver disease. Nucleot(s)ide analogues such as Entecavir are commonly used to treat HBV infection; however, although these drugs attenuate the virus, they are not a cure. Therefore, it is important to find a novel anti-HBV compounds that enable complete remission of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We screened 190 natural product libraries using the HepG2.2.15 cell line. Additionally, anti-HBV activities were assessed across genotypes C and D. The mechanism underlying the inhibition of HBV replication by the identified compound was elucidated through cell-based assays.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We identified a hit compound called Javanicin, which is derived from the endophytic fungus JS169. The IC₅₀ of Javanicin is &lt; 500 nM, and the selectivity index (SI = CC₅₀/IC₅₀) is &gt; 10. Javanicin induced proteasome-mediated degradation of the HBV core protein, and reduced the amount of HBV capsid protein. Javanicin and Entecavir acted synergistically, and were more effective than either drug alone. Additionally, structural analysis showed that Javanicin carries several modifiable moieties, which may lead to development of derivatives.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Javanicin is a novel class of HBV capsid assembly inhibitors, functioning by inducing proteasome-mediated degradation. Furthermore, when paired with Entecavir, Javanicin holds potential as a curative treatment for CHB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 12-20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}