Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair最新文献

{"title":"Multimodal Agility-Based Exercise Training for Persons With Multiple Sclerosis: A New Framework.","authors":"Florian Wolf,&nbsp;Mareike Eschweiler,&nbsp;Annette Rademacher,&nbsp;Philipp Zimmer","doi":"10.1177/15459683221131789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15459683221131789","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Multimodal agility-based exercise training (MAT) has been described as a framework for fall prevention in the elderly but might also be a valuable concept for exercise training in persons with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS).</p><p><strong>The problem: </strong>Current recommendations advise pwMS to perform a multitude of different exercise training activities, as each of these has its separate evidence. However, pwMS struggle even more than the general population to be physically active. Additionally, Multiple Sclerosis often leads to co-occurring mobility and cognitive dysfunctions, for which simultaneous, time-efficient, and engaging training approaches are still limited in clinical practice and healthcare.</p><p><strong>The solution: </strong>The MAT framework has been developed to integratively improve cardiovascular, neuromuscular, and cognitive function by combining aspects of perception and orientation, change of direction, as well as stop-and-go patterns (ie, agility), in a group-training format. For pwMS, the MAT framework is conceptualized to include 3 Components: standing balance, dynamic balance (including functional leg strength), and agility-based exercises. Within these Components sensory, cognitive, and cardiovascular challenges can be adapted to individual needs.</p><p><strong>Recommendations: </strong>We recommend investigating multimodal exercise interventions that go beyond easily standardized, unimodal types of exercise (eg, aerobic or resistance exercise), which could allow for time-efficient training, targeting multiple frequent symptoms of persons with mild disability at once. MAT should be compared to unimodal approaches, regarding sensor-based gait outcomes, fatigue-related outcomes, cognition, as well as neuroprotective, and (supportive) disease-modifying effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":56104,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair","volume":"36 12","pages":"777-787"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10789998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity is Related With Retinal Neuronal and Axonal Integrity in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis.","authors":"Jeongwoon Kim,&nbsp;Rachel E Bollaert,&nbsp;Jonathan Cerna,&nbsp;Brynn C Adamson,&nbsp;Connor M Robbs,&nbsp;Naiman A Khan,&nbsp;Robert W Motl","doi":"10.1177/15459683221131787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15459683221131787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) may confer benefits for axonal and/or neuronal integrity in adults with multiple sclerosis (MS).</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Examine the association between device-measured MVPA with optical coherence tomography (OCT) metrics of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and total macular volume (TMV) in persons with and without MS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adults with MS (N = 41), along with sex-matched healthy control (HC) participants (N = 79), underwent measurements of retinal morphology via OCT and wore an accelerometer for a period of 7 days as a measure of MVPA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Persons with MS had significantly lower MVPA, RNFL thickness, and TMV compared with HCs. MVPA was correlated with RNFL (<i>r</i> = .38, <i>P</i> < .01) thickness and TMV (<i>r</i> = .49, <i>P</i> < .01). Hierarchical linear regression analyses indicated that addition of MVPA attenuated the Group effect on RNFL and TMV. MVPA accounted for 8% and 3% of the variance in TMV (β = .343, <i>P</i> < .01) and RNFL thickness (β = .217, <i>P</i> = .03), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MVPA was positively associated with axonal and neuronal integrity assessed by OCT and partially explained group differences in those metrics. These results present possible future targets for MS management by increasing MVPA.</p>","PeriodicalId":56104,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair","volume":"36 12","pages":"810-815"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10422854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conducting Implementation Research in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Case Example and Considerations for Study Design.","authors":"Lisa A Juckett,&nbsp;Lauren R Wengerd,&nbsp;Meredith Banhos,&nbsp;Amy R Darragh","doi":"10.1177/15459683221138747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15459683221138747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As neurorehabilitation research continues to grow, the field must ensure its scientific discoveries are implemented into routine clinical care. Without targeted efforts to increase the implementation of evidence into practice, patients may never see the benefits of interventions, assessments, and technologies developed in the confines of empirical studies. This article serves as a response to Lynch et al's 2018 Point of View piece in <i>Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair</i> that underscored the urgent need for implementation studies to expedite the application of neurorehabilitation evidence in practice. To address this need, we provide the following 4 considerations investigators should contemplate when designing their own studies at the intersection of implementation and neurorehabilitation research: (a) consideration of guiding theories, models, and frameworks, (b) consideration of implementation strategies, (c) considerations of target outcomes, and (d) consideration of hybrid effectiveness-implementation designs. To conclude, we also provide a study exemplar to depict how these considerations can be integrated into the neurorehabilitation research field to narrow the evidence-to-practice gap.</p>","PeriodicalId":56104,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair","volume":"36 12","pages":"770-776"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10483224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corticospinal Excitability Quantification During a Visually-Guided Precision Walking Task in Humans: Potential for Neurorehabilitation.","authors":"Charline Dambreville,&nbsp;Cécilia Neige,&nbsp;Catherine Mercier,&nbsp;Andreanne K Blanchette,&nbsp;Laurent J Bouyer","doi":"10.1177/15459683221124909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15459683221124909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The corticospinal tract has been shown to be involved in normal walking in humans. However, its contribution during more challenging locomotor tasks is still unclear. As the corticospinal tract can be a potential target to promote gait recovery after neurological injury, it is of primary importance to quantify its use during human walking. The aims of the current study were to: (1) quantify the effects of precision walking on corticospinal excitability as compared to normal walking; (2) assess if corticospinal modulation is related to task difficulty or participants' performance. Sixteen healthy participants walked on a treadmill during 2 tasks: regular walking (simple task) and stepping onto virtual targets (precision task). Virtual targets appeared randomly at 3 different step lengths: preferred, and ±20%. To assess corticospinal excitability, 25 motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from the tibialis anterior muscle in each task during walking. Performance for each participant (global success score; % of target hit) and task difficulty related to step length adjustments (success score for each step length) were also calculated. MEP size was larger during the precision task in all participants (mean increase of 93% ± 72%; <i>P</i> < .05) compared to the simple task. There was a correlation between MEP facilitation and individual performance (<i>r</i> = -.64; <i>P</i> < .05), but no difference in MEP size associated with task difficulty (<i>P</i> > .05). In conclusion, corticospinal excitability exhibits a large increase during the precision task. This effect needs to be confirmed in neurological populations to potentially provide a simple and non-invasive approach to increase corticospinal drive during gait rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":56104,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair","volume":"36 10-11","pages":"689-700"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10402645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Connectivity in Patients With Parkinson's Disease and Freezing of Gait Using Resting-State EEG and Graph Theory.","authors":"Taylor J Bosch,&nbsp;Arturo I Espinoza,&nbsp;Martina Mancini,&nbsp;Fay B Horak,&nbsp;Arun Singh","doi":"10.1177/15459683221129282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15459683221129282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although many studies have shown abnormalities in brain structure and function in people with Parkinson's disease (PD), we still have a poor understanding of how brain structure and function relates to freezing of gait (FOG). Graph theory analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) can explore the relationship between brain network structure and gait function in PD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Scalp EEG signals of 83 PD (42 PDFOG+ and 41 PDFOG-) and 42 healthy controls were recorded in an eyes-opened resting-state. The phase lag index was calculated for each electrode pair in different frequency bands, but we focused our analysis on the theta-band and performed global analyses along with nodal analyses over a midfrontal channel. The resulting connectivity matrices were converted to weighted graphs, whose structure was characterized using strength and clustering coefficient measurements, our main outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed increased global strength and increased global clustering coefficient in people with PD compared to healthy controls in the theta-band, though no differences were observed in midfrontal nodal strength and midfrontal clustering coefficient. Furthermore, no differences in global nor midfrontal nodal strength nor global clustering coefficients were observed between PDFOG+ and PDFOG- in the theta-band. However, PDFOG+ exhibited a significantly diminished midfrontal nodal clustering coefficient in the theta-band compared to PDFOG-. Furthermore, FOG scores were negatively correlated with midfrontal nodal clustering coefficient in the theta-band.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present findings support the involvement of midfrontal theta oscillations in FOG symptoms in PD and the sensitivity of graph metrics to characterize functional networks in PDFOG+.</p>","PeriodicalId":56104,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair","volume":" ","pages":"715-725"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33497887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upper-Limb Motor Intervention Elements That Drive Improvement in Biomarkers and Clinical Measures Post-Stroke: A Systematic Review in a Systems Paradigm.","authors":"Matthew Wingfield, Natalie A Fini, Amy Brodtmann, Gavin Williams, Leonid Churilov, Kathryn S Hayward","doi":"10.1177/15459683221129273","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15459683221129273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To use a systems paradigm to examine upper limb (UL) motor intervention elements driving biomarker and clinical measure improvement after stroke.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Databases were searched up to March 2022. Eligibility screening was completed by 2 authors. Studies using biomarkers and clinical measures pre- and post-upper limb intervention were included. Studies of adjunct interventions (eg, brain stimulation) were excluded. Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tools and Template for Intervention Description and Replication were used to rate studies. Studies were synthesized using a systems paradigm: intervention outcome was considered an emergent property of the systemic interactions of 4 intervention elements (demographics, type, quality, and dose) characterized by individual dimensions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-four studies (n = 1814 participants) containing 106 intervention groups (66 experimental; 40 control) were included. Combined biomarker and clinical outcomes defined 3 scenarios: restitution, mixed, and unchanged. The restitution scenario included more moderate-to-severely impaired participants in earlier recovery phases (&lt;6 months). Interventions with graded difficulty were more frequently used in the restitution scenario compared with the unchanged scenario. No difference in quality or amount of therapy was identified when examining scenarios that demonstrated restitution compared to those that did not (mixed and unchanged).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A systems paradigm may be one of many approaches to understand UL motor restitution. This review found no single element consistently delivered improvements in biomarkers and clinical measures in the examined intervention groups. Complex patterns formed by multiple interacting intervention elements were observed in participants with and without restitution.</p>","PeriodicalId":56104,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair","volume":" ","pages":"726-739"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33497888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rehabilitation to Improve Gaze and Postural Stability in People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Brian J Loyd,&nbsp;Annie Fangman,&nbsp;Daniel S Peterson,&nbsp;Eduard Gappmaier,&nbsp;Anne Thackeray,&nbsp;Michael C Schubert,&nbsp;Leland E Dibble","doi":"10.1177/15459683221124126","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15459683221124126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>People with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) frequently experience dizziness and imbalance that may be caused by central vestibular system dysfunction. Vestibular rehabilitation may offer an approach for improving dysfunction in these people.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To test the efficacy of a gaze and postural stability (GPS) retraining intervention compared to a strength and endurance (SAE) intervention in PwMS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>About 41 PwMS, with complaints of dizziness or history of falls, were randomized to either the GPS or SAE groups. Following randomization participants completed 6-weeks of 3×/week progressive training, delivered one-on-one by a provider. Following intervention, testing was performed at the primary (6-weeks) and secondary time point (10-weeks). A restricted maximum likelihood estimation mixed effects model was used to examine changes in the primary outcome of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) between the 2 groups at the primary and secondary time point. Similar models were used to explore secondary outcomes between groups at both timepoints.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-five people completed the study (17 GPS; 18 SAE). The change in the DHI at the primary time point was not statistically different between the GPS and SAE groups (mean difference = 2.33 [95% CI -9.18, 12.85]). However, both groups demonstrated significant improvement from baseline to 6-weeks (GPS -8.73; SAE -7.31). Similar results were observed for secondary outcomes and at the secondary timepoint.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this sample of PwMS with complaints of dizziness or imbalance, 6-weeks of GPS training did not result in significantly greater improvements in dizziness handicap or balance compared to 6-weeks of SAE training.</p>","PeriodicalId":56104,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair","volume":"36 10-11","pages":"678-688"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10518217/pdf/nihms-1927759.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10112600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reaching a Tipping Point for Neurorehabilitation Research: Obstacles and Opportunities in Trial Design, Description, and Pooled Analysis.","authors":"William M Savage,&nbsp;Noam Y Harel","doi":"10.1177/15459683221124112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15459683221124112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The record-breaking pace of COVID-19 vaccine development and implementation depended heavily on collaboration among academic, government, and commercial stakeholders, especially through data-sharing and robust multicenter trials. Collaborative efforts have not been as fruitful in fields such as neurorehabilitation, where non-pharmacological interventions play a much larger role. Barriers to translating scientific advancements into clinical practice in neurorehabilitation include pervasively small study sizes, exacerbated by limited funding for non-pharmacological multicenter clinical trials; difficulty standardizing-and adequately describing-non-pharmacological interventions; and a lack of incentives for individual patient-level data-sharing. These barriers prevent reliable meta-analysis of non-pharmacological clinical studies in neurorehabilitation. This point-of-view will highlight these challenges as well as suggest practical steps that may be taken to improve the neurorehabilitation pipeline between evidence and implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":56104,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair","volume":" ","pages":"659-665"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40364722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcranial-Direct-Current-Stimulation Accelerates Motor Recovery After Cortical Infarction in Mice: The Interplay of Structural Cellular Responses and Functional Recovery.","authors":"Helene Luise Walter,&nbsp;Anton Pikhovych,&nbsp;Heike Endepols,&nbsp;Steffen Rotthues,&nbsp;Johannes Bärmann,&nbsp;Heiko Backes,&nbsp;Mathias Hoehn,&nbsp;Dirk Wiedermann,&nbsp;Bernd Neumaier,&nbsp;Gereon Rudolf Fink,&nbsp;Maria Adele Rueger,&nbsp;Michael Schroeter","doi":"10.1177/15459683221124116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15459683221124116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) promotes recovery after stroke in humans. The underlying mechanisms, however, remain to be elucidated. Animal models suggest tDCS effects on neuroinflammation, stem cell proliferation, neurogenesis, and neural plasticity.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In a longitudinal study, we employed tDCS in the subacute and chronic phase after experimental focal cerebral ischemia in mice to explore the relationship between functional recovery and cellular processes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mice received photothrombosis in the right motor cortex, verified by Magnetic Resonance Imaging. A composite neuroscore quantified subsequent functional deficits. Mice received tDCS daily: either 5 sessions from day 5 to 9, or 10 sessions with days 12 to 16 in addition. TDCS with anodal or cathodal polarity was compared to sham stimulation. Further imaging to assess proliferation and neuroinflammation was performed by immunohistochemistry at different time points and Positron Emission Tomography at the end of the observation time of 3 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cathodal tDCS at 198 kC/m² (220 A/m²) between days 5 and 9 accelerated functional recovery, increased neurogenesis, decreased microglial activation, and mitigated CD16/32-expression associated with M1-phenotype. Anodal tDCS exerted similar effects on neurogenesis and microglial polarization but not on recovery of function or microglial activation. TDCS on days 12 to 16 after stroke did not induce any further effects, suggesting that the therapeutic time window was closed by then.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, data suggest that non-invasive neuromodulation by tDCS impacts neurogenesis and microglial activation as critical cellular processes influencing functional recovery during the early phase of regeneration from focal cerebral ischemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":56104,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair","volume":"36 10-11","pages":"701-714"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10402644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Reaching Phase of Feeding and Self-Care Actions Optimizes Action Observation Effects in Chronic Stroke Subjects.","authors":"Marco Franceschini,&nbsp;Marco Ottaviani,&nbsp;Paola Romano,&nbsp;Michela Goffredo,&nbsp;Sanaz Pournajaf,&nbsp;Margherita Lofrumento,&nbsp;Stefania Proietti,&nbsp;Irma Sterpi,&nbsp;Enrica Tricomi,&nbsp;Peppino Tropea,&nbsp;Massimo Corbo,&nbsp;Luciano Fadiga,&nbsp;Francesco Infarinato","doi":"10.1177/15459683221110884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15459683221110884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Action Observation Therapy (AOT) is a well-established post-stroke rehabilitation treatment based on the theoretical framework of the Mirror Neuron System (MNS) activation. However, AOT protocols are still heterogeneous in terms of video contents of observed actions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to analyze electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings in stroke patients during the observation of different videos of task-specific upper limb movements, and to define which category of actions can elicit a stronger cortical activation in the observer's brain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Signals were analyzed from 19 chronic stroke subjects observing customized videos that represented 3 different categories of upper limb actions: Finalized Actions, Non-Finalized Actions, and Control Videos. The Event-Related Desynchronization in the µ and β bands was chosen to identify the involvement of the cerebral cortex: the area of the normalized power spectral density was calculated for each category and, deepening, for the reaching and completion sub-phases of Finalized Actions. For descriptive purposes, the time course of averaged signal power was described. The Kruskal-Wallis test (<i>P</i> < .05) was applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis showed a greater desynchronization when subjects observed Finalized Actions with respect to Non-Finalized in all recorded areas; Control videos provoked a synchronization in the same areas and frequency bands. The reaching phase of feeding and self-care actions evoked a greater suppression both in µ and β bands.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The observation of finalized arm movements seems to elicit the strongest activation of the MNS in chronic stroke patients. This finding may help the clinicians to design future AOT-based stroke rehabilitation protocols.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>Clinical Trial Registration-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT04047134.</p>","PeriodicalId":56104,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair","volume":" ","pages":"574-586"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40415075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}