Pediatrics and Neonatology最新文献

{"title":"Outcome of HIV exposed infants towards prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) program and its associated factors in selected health facilities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020. Retrospective cross sectional study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pedneo.2023.07.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedneo.2023.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Globally, an estimated 36.9 million (31.1–43.9 million) people were living with HIV in 2017, of whom 17.8 million were women and 1.8 million (1.3–2.4 million) children under 15 years of age. Ethiopia has developed an HIV/AIDS prevention, care, and treatment strategic plan in an investment case approach that has been implemented from 2015 to 2020. The study aim was to assess the outcome and risk factors for HIV-exposed infants receiving Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) follow-up.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>A cross-sectional retrospective study was done. All HIV-exposed infants who were on follow-up in the ART and (PMTCT) clinics of St Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College, and Selam Health Center beginning from September 2016 to January 2019 were included. Data collection was done using a well-designed questionnaire and a review of mothers’ and infants’ medical record charts and HMIS log book. Descriptive and logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between dependent and independent variables. Differences are considered statistically significant at p &lt; 0.05, and their strength is presented using an odds ratio and 95% confidence interval.</p></div><div><h3>Result</h3><p>Among the 302 enrolled HIV-exposed infants, 27 (8.9%) were diagnosed as HIV positive. Maternal ART initiation during labor and delivery (AOR = 3.468, 95% CI: 1.22, 13.34, p = 0.04), frequent hospital admission of the infant (AOR = 17.49, 95% CI: 5.41, 56.2, p = 0.001), and mixed feeding option (AOR = 8.25, 95% CI: 2.212, 30.77, p = 0.02) were the major factors associated with positive HIV serostatus among HIV-exposed infants.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>and Recommendation: The level of HIV infection among infants born to HIV-positive mothers is high as compared to the national and WHO goals. Exclusive breastfeeding should be advocated for all HIV-exposed infants, especially in resource-limited settings like Ethiopia due to the increased prevalence of diarrheal illness.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56095,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics and Neonatology","volume":"65 5","pages":"Pages 457-463"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875957224000068/pdfft?md5=1155ab656c289c100143f90f50e2bec9&pid=1-s2.0-S1875957224000068-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139984721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significance of identifying diverse underlying etiologies in neonatal hypocalcemia","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pedneo.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedneo.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56095,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics and Neonatology","volume":"65 5","pages":"Pages 511-512"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187595722400086X/pdfft?md5=f1cf2b16606e6a07a18d75f83c45c905&pid=1-s2.0-S187595722400086X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141397005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transient megaesophagus in a 14-year-old adolescent with chest pain and dyspnea","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pedneo.2024.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedneo.2024.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56095,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics and Neonatology","volume":"65 5","pages":"Pages 515-516"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875957224000883/pdfft?md5=8f297ae0c9244cf5c9591a22a98c910d&pid=1-s2.0-S1875957224000883-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141406422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary artery sling concomitant with duodenal atresia: A case report","authors":"Asami Ohyama,&nbsp;Kei Tamai,&nbsp;Mayuko Hara,&nbsp;Misao Kageyama","doi":"10.1016/j.pedneo.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedneo.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56095,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics and Neonatology","volume":"65 5","pages":"Pages 521-522"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875957224001190/pdfft?md5=81fcc4ff13d05b6d12ac32fbdb3b8ead&pid=1-s2.0-S1875957224001190-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bidirectional approach of vascular access for balloon angioplasty in permcath-associated superior vena cava syndrome presenting with transudative chylothorax","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pedneo.2023.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedneo.2023.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56095,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics and Neonatology","volume":"65 5","pages":"Pages 506-508"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875957224000172/pdfft?md5=2c624a12f65737e7e388aa558ddfbb0c&pid=1-s2.0-S1875957224000172-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140023473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High galectin expression in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric mucosa in childhood.","authors":"Masumi Nagata, Tamaki Ikuse, Kaori Tokushima, Nobuyasu Arai, Keisuke Jimbo, Takahiro Kudo, Toshiaki Shimizu","doi":"10.1016/j.pedneo.2024.07.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedneo.2024.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mild Th1 and Th17 immune responses in childhood against Helicobacter pylori are presumed to be responsible for H. pylori colonization and mucosal atrophy reduction. However, the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the childhood-specific immune responses observed after H. pylori infection by analyzing galectin expression in the gastric mucosa. We focused on galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-9 (Gal-9), which function to suppress Th1 and Th17 immune responses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed changes in the expression of Gal-1 and Gal-9 in the gastric mucosa of pediatric patients with H. pylori infection. Ten pediatric patients with and ten patients without H. pylori infection who underwent biopsy to assess the cause of chronic abdominal symptoms using esophagogastroduodenoscopy were evaluated. Gal-1 and Gal-9 expression in the biopsy tissues of the gastric antrum and corpus was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Gal-1 expression was significantly increased in the stromal cells of the corpus owing to H. pylori infection. No alterations in Gal-1 expression due to H. pylori infection were observed in the antral tissue. Helicobacter pylori infection considerably increased Gal-9 expression in all tissues. According to previous reports, the increased expression of Gal-9 associated with H. pylori infection is not observed in adults. Therefore, the increased expression of Gal-9 associated with H. pylori infection is specific to pediatric patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The increased expression of Gal-1 and Gal-9 may suppress Th1 and Th17 immune responses against H. pylori infection during childhood, promote H. pylori colonization, and reduce inflammation in the gastric mucosa of pediatric patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":56095,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics and Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142146997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CDKL5 deficiency disorder in an infant presenting as drug-refractory epilepsy after TdaP-Hib-IPV vaccination: A case report.","authors":"Hong-Yu Chen, Li-Ping Tsai, Shi-Bing Wong","doi":"10.1016/j.pedneo.2024.06.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedneo.2024.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56095,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics and Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142146995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MiR-629-5p May serve as a biomarker for pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome and can regulate the inflammatory response","authors":"Cuicui Zhang, Yanan Ji, Qin Wang, Lianying Ruan","doi":"10.1016/j.pedneo.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedneo.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndromes (PARDS). This study analyzed the clinical significance and potential mechanism of microRNA (miR)-629-5p in PARDS.","PeriodicalId":56095,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics and Neonatology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of and risk factors associated with third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli carriage in children: A comparison between regions in Taiwan.","authors":"Wan-Ling Chiang, Hsin Chi, Jia Lu Cheng, Ming-Fang Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.pedneo.2024.07.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedneo.2024.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) in the community is a global public health challenge. This study investigated the prevalence of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GCR) E. coli fecal carriage in children, identified associated risk factors, and determined antimicrobial resistance patterns of E. coli across three regions of Taiwan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Stool samples from children aged 0-18 years were collected in southern, northern, and eastern Taiwan from community or outpatient clinics between July 2022 and May 2023. E. coli colonies were selected and examined for antimicrobial susceptibility and multilocus sequence typing. Participant demographic data and potential risk factors for carrying resistant E. coli were surveyed using a questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 246 children surveyed, 59.3% carried multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli, and 37.4% carried 3GCR E. coli. The prevalence of 3GCR E. coli carriage was highest in southern Taiwan (42.7%), followed by northern Taiwan (35.5%) and eastern Taiwan (28.4%). The study identified several risk factors which may be associated with the fecal carriage of 3GCR E. coli, such as having lower paternal education levels, being overweight or obese, having a nonvegetarian diet, and consuming eggs, with variations observed across regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study documented elevated fecal carriage rates of 3GCR and MDR E. coli across regions of Taiwan. The study also identified numerous demographic and environmental factors that require implementing comprehensive strategies to address this public health challenge.</p>","PeriodicalId":56095,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics and Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142309205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ureterocele eversion with lower pole vesicoureteral reflux in a duplex renal collecting system.","authors":"Cheng-Yen Ho, Jin-Cherng Sheu, Tung-Yao Chang, Chun-Chen Lin, Jeng-Daw Tsai","doi":"10.1016/j.pedneo.2024.06.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedneo.2024.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56095,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics and Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142481823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}