Science Progress最新文献

{"title":"Research on cooperative optimization of permanent magnet synchronous motor for ups flywheel energy storage under full operating conditions.","authors":"Xueting Li, Xiaodong Qi, Caiyong Ye, Kexin Yao, Dongrui Wang, Yunfeng Zhao","doi":"10.1177/00368504261501620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00368504261501620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flywheel energy storage systems (FESS) have attracted significant attention in the field of new energy due to their advantages of fast response and long cycle life. However, due to the specific structural and operating characteristics of flywheel energy storage motors, the design process faces challenges regarding multi-physics interactions, and unified design standards have yet to be established. This study optimizes the Halbach PM array arrangement to suppress standby iron losses and improve carbon fiber binding adaptability, facilitating stable high-speed operation. Building on this foundation, this research tackles the challenges of excessive optimization parameters and conventional multi-objective strategy limitations in high-dimensional design spaces, aiming to comprehensively enhance FESS performance across standby, charging, and discharging modes. Based on an analytical approach, system parameters are extracted to establish the optimization objective and variable framework. To address the challenge of ultra-high-dimensional parameter sets, a multi-level multi-objective optimization method is proposed, employing comprehensive sensitivity coefficients for cooperative optimization of multi-physics performance. Following optimization, the system demonstrates significant improvements in mechanical performance, standby efficiency, discharge power, and the stability of charge-discharge modes. The electromagnetic performance and multi-physics characteristics across all three modes are superior to the pre-optimization state. Prototype testing further validates the rationality of the analysis regarding electromagnetic performance, discharge capability, and temperature rise. The proposed method effectively enhances the comprehensive performance of the system, providing a feasible technical pathway for the design of flywheel energy storage motors.</p>","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"109 4","pages":"368504261501620"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149247687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resolving singularities in gravitational and electrostatic interactions through spatial quantization.","authors":"Ren-Hui Zheng","doi":"10.1177/00368504261489692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00368504261489692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Classical physics assumes continuous spacetime, leading to infinities in forces (e.g., Newtonian gravity, electrostatic force) at zero distance or relativistic energy for objects with non-zero mass at the speed of light. In quantum mechanics, energy is quantized, and the theory differs from classical determinism by replacing trajectories with probabilistic wavefunctions. We propose a foundational framework based on the premise that space itself is composed of indivisible fundamental units (\"cosmic elements\"), which eliminates infinities by discretizing physical interactions. Space quantization ensures finite gravitational and electrostatic forces at zero separation and predicts a non-zero photon rest mass below existing experimental limits. The quantization of space provides a fundamental explanation for energy discreteness and offers a potential framework to unify classical and quantum mechanics: Discrete space replaces continuity, eliminating singularities; the essence of forces lies in quantized particle exchanges, thereby avoiding infinite forces at zero distance; relativistic infinities are resolved by the minimal length of cosmic element; classical and quantum mechanics ultimately describe the same discrete reality at different scales.</p>","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"109 4","pages":"368504261489692"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149139634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An inertial block proximal linearized method with adaptive momentum for nonconvex and nonsmooth optimization.","authors":"Weifeng Yang","doi":"10.1177/00368504261455343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00368504261455343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper, we consider a class of multiblock nonconvex nonsmooth optimization problems, which covers many applications such as the analysis of pre-earthquake anomalies and machine learning. To solve this class of problems, we propose the inertial block proximal linearized method with two-phase adaptive momentum (IBPL⁺-TP). Compared to the current methods, our method possesses three main advantages: (1) it introduces a two-phase adaptive momentum strategy to effectively update the extrapolation parameters, (2) it allows using two different extrapolation points to accelerate the convergence, (3) it allows the extrapolation parameters of these two extrapolation points to be independent of and unconstrained by all other parameters. While maintaining the above advantages, we prove that our method ensures the monotonic convergence of the objective function of this class of problems, and we also prove that the sequence generated by our method globally converges to a critical point, as well as establish the convergence rate of our method. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, we apply it to solve two nonconvex and nonsmooth machine learning problems, namely sparse nonnegative matrix factorization with <i>ℓ</i>₀-constraints and sparse nonnegative CP decomposition with <i>ℓ</i>₀-constraints. The numerical experimental results on solving these problems show that our method outperforms several state-of-the-art methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"109 4","pages":"368504261455343"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149170772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An improved FMEA model based on EDAS method within fermatean fuzzy linguistic environment.","authors":"Ran Liu, Tian-Yu Liu, Qiang Li, Chun-Liu Tao","doi":"10.1177/00368504261491168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00368504261491168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) is a systematic and proactive risk prevention and management tool used to identify and assess risks of potential or known failure modes within a system, product or service. However, the traditional FMEA has been criticized for a variety of drawbacks, which limit its efficiency and potential of applications. Although numerous approaches have been proposed to address these drawbacks, most of them fail to accommodate complex and uncertain decision-making environments, and neglect the conflicting criteria of failure modes. To address these issues, this study proposes an improved FMEA model that integrates Fermatean fuzzy linguistic sets (FFLSs) with the evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS) method to assess and rank the risk of failure modes. First, the FFLSs are employed to represent the complex and uncertain risk assessments from experts. Then, a modified EDAS method is adopted to derive the risk ranking of failure modes. Additionally, the entropy weight method is improved to determine the weights of risk factors. Finally, a practical case is presented to illustrate the feasibility and reliability of the proposed FMEA model. The findings show that the proposed FMEA model can not only addresses most of the limitations in the traditional FMEA, but also yield reliable risk ranking of failure modes.</p>","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"109 4","pages":"368504261491168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149167501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apparent interfacial shear strength of thermosetting resins reinforced with fique fibres using microbond test.","authors":"Johnattan Vargas, Julio Cuellar Posada, Cesar A Isaza M, Juan Manuel Meza","doi":"10.1177/00368504261497802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00368504261497802","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of natural fibres as reinforcement in composite materials has gained increasing interest due to their low cost, renewability, and environmental advantages. However, effective fibre-matrix adhesion remains a key challenge due to the inherent incompatibility between hydrophilic natural fibres and hydrophobic polymeric matrices. To address this issue, surface treatments are frequently applied. This study evaluates the apparent interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of fique fibres embedded in polyester, vinylester, and epoxy matrices using the microbond test, while also assessing the effect of a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coating as a surface treatment. Furthermore, a perimeter-based calculation method was adopted to minimize the geometric estimation errors that are inherent to the non-circular cross-section of natural fibres. Results indicated that epoxy resin exhibits the highest IFSS for bare fique fibres. Conversely, PVA-coated fibres show a significant decrease in IFSS when embedded in epoxy, suggesting poor chemical compatibility under the tested conditions. In contrast, PVA-coated fibres in polyester resin achieved IFSS values comparable to those of vinylester and epoxy matrices, highlighting this combination as a promising, cost-effective alternative. Critical length calculations further confirmed that PVA-coated fibres in epoxy require greater lengths to act as effective reinforcement. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the interfacial performance of natural fibre-reinforced composites through low-cost surface modifications and accurate micromechanical characterization.</p>","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"109 4","pages":"368504261497802"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149186495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnancy outcomes after amniocentesis in ART-Conceived versus spontaneously conceived twin pregnancies: A single-center retrospective study.","authors":"Weixia Weng, Yan Lu, Chunyan Wang, Yan Ji","doi":"10.1177/00368504261499296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00368504261499296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveTo compare the pregnancy outcomes following amniocentesis in twin pregnancies conceived with assisted reproduction technology (ART) versus spontaneously conceived twins.MethodsIn this retrospective study, the 40case records of twin pregnancies in which amniocentesis was performed at HuizhouCentral People's Hospital between 2021 and 2024 were reviewed. Pregnancy outcomes and neonatal outcomes of twin pregnancies were compared between the ART group (n = 25)and spontaneous twin pregnancy group(n = 15).ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in pregnancy loss rate between the groups(4.00% vs. 6.67%, <i>P</i> = 1.000). The pregnancy loss rate before 24 weeks of gestation in the two groups were 4.00% and 6.67%, respectively (<i>P</i> = 1.000). No pregnancy loss occurred within 4 weeks after the amniocentesis in bothgroup. The preterm birthrate before 37weeks of gestation in the two groups were 76.00% and 46.67%, respectively, and showed no significant difference (<i>P</i> =0.089).There were significant differences between-group in birth weight and Apgar score at 10 min (both <i>P</i>< 0.05), while there were no significant differences in low birth weight (<2500 g), Apgar score at 1 min, Apgar score at 5 min, and neonatal/pediatric department transfer (all <i>P</i>> 0.05).ConclusionNo statistically significant increase in the risk of pregnancy loss after amniocentesis was observed among ART-conceived twin pregnancies compared with spontaneously conceived twin pregnancies.However, they should not be interpreted as evidence of equivalence or absence of a clinically meaningful difference.Given the limited sample size, these findings should be confirmed in larger, multicenter studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"109 4","pages":"368504261499296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149247750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cauchy distribution optimizer with neighborhood search for PV parameter estimation and numerical optimization.","authors":"Jun Yan, Da Fang, Quan Zhou","doi":"10.1177/00368504261497811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00368504261497811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper proposes an enhanced version of the Cauchy Distribution Optimizer (CDO) integrated with a Neighborhood Search (NS) mechanism for solving numerical optimization problems and extracting parameters of photovoltaic (PV) models. The original CDO, inspired by the Cauchy probability distribution, demonstrates competitive performance in balancing exploration and exploitation. However, like many metaheuristic algorithms, it may suffer from premature convergence and insufficient local search capability when handling complex multimodal problems. To address these limitations, we introduce a Neighborhood Search strategy that performs refined local exploration around promising solutions, thereby improving solution accuracy and convergence reliability. The proposed CDO-NS algorithm is validated using three PV models (Single Diode Model, Double Diode Model, and Photovoltaic Module Model). Experimental results demonstrate that CDO-NS outperforms the original CDO and other state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of solution quality, convergence speed, and statistical significance. The source code of CDO-NS(referred to as NSCDO throughout the paper) is made publicly available for further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"109 4","pages":"368504261497811"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149167856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tryptophan metabolism-derived prognostic signature: A potential biomarker for risk stratification and exploratory immunotherapy relevance analysis in prostate cancer.","authors":"Anding Gao, Yicheng Xu, Tingting Wang, Lijian Chen, Qun Wang, Shirui Zhang, Chen Fang, Pengxiang Zheng","doi":"10.1177/00368504261494032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00368504261494032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveProstate cancer (PCa) lacks reliable biomarkers to distinguish indolent from aggressive tumors. Tryptophan metabolism (TM) participates in regulating tumor immunity and malignant progression, yet its prognostic relevance in PCa remains poorly characterized.MethodsTranscriptomic and clinical data of TCGA-PRAD cohort (499 PCa samples and 52 normal prostate tissues) and independent external cohort GSE116918 were collected. Differentially expressed tryptophan metabolism-related genes (TMGs) were screened. Univariate Cox regression and LASSO penalized regression were performed to construct a prognostic signature based on disease-free survival (DFS), which served as the primary modeling endpoint. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and time-dependent ROC analyses were applied to verify its prognostic performance. Hub genes were screened via PPI network, and the biological function of core hub gene CCN5 was further validated through in vitro cell experiments.ResultsA total of 82 differentially expressed TMGs were screened. Three candidate genes (MAOB, ELOVL2, THRSP) were integrated to establish the risk signature, which effectively stratified patients into low- and high-risk subgroups; high-risk patients exhibited significantly inferior DFS (P<0.05). The signature was identified as an independent prognostic predictor for PCa, with a 1-year DFS AUC of 0.997 (95% CI: 0.972-0.999). Bioinformatic prediction preliminarily indicated correlations between the risk model and M0 macrophage infiltration as well as chemotherapeutic sensitivity, while no real clinical chemotherapy response data were available to support these associations. Hub gene CCN5 was significantly downregulated in advanced PCa; cellular functional assays confirmed that CCN5 overexpression suppressed proliferation and migration of PCa cells.ConclusionsThis tryptophan metabolism-related signature independently predicts DFS outcomes of PCa patients and is preliminarily associated with tumor microenvironment features based on computational analysis. CCN5 acts as a tumor-suppressive gene in PCa. The present study provides exploratory bioinformatic evidence for future research on individualized prognostic stratification, rather than direct clinical medication guidance.</p>","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"109 4","pages":"368504261494032"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149139573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint associations of estimated glucose disposal rate and the Albumin-Bilirubin score with coronary heart disease prevalence: A cross-sectional analysis based on NHANES.","authors":"Yanbin Lei, Guang Li, Qiuyue Huang, Bin You, Zhao Yang, Wei Chen","doi":"10.1177/00368504261492777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00368504261492777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveCoronary heart disease (CHD) constitutes a primary cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) serves as a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, whereas the albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score reflects liver-related systemic status. However, their joint associations with CHD have not been well characterized.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to March 2020. Survey-weighted logistic regression models were used to evaluate the individual and joint associations of eGDR and ALBI with CHD prevalence. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were applied to assess nonlinear associations. Subgroup, complete-case, covariate-exclusion, and age-stratified sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate robustness of the findings.ResultsA total of 18,712 participants, involving 725 with CHD, were included. In the fully adjusted model, higher eGDR was associated with lower odds of CHD (odds ratio [OR] 0.740, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.687-0.797; P < 0.001), whereas higher ALBI was associated with greater odds of CHD (OR 1.779, 95% CI 1.231-2.570; P = 0.002). RCS analysis showed a nonlinear inverse association for eGDR and an approximately linear positive association for ALBI. The high-ALBI/low-eGDR group had the highest odds of CHD compared with the low-ALBI/high-eGDR group (OR 4.307, 95% CI 2.530-7.332; P < 0.001). The principal findings remained consistent across all sensitivity analyses.ConclusionLower eGDR and higher ALBI were each associated with higher CHD prevalence. Their joint assessment may provide complementary information for population-level cardiometabolic risk evaluation, although longitudinal validation is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"109 4","pages":"368504261492777"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149129443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"α-Boswellic acid alleviates atopic dermatitis via MME-mediated restoration of IL-18 BP/IL-18 axis homeostasis.","authors":"Jianli Pan, Luhao Wang, Rongrong Jing, Zhichao Chen, Yinling Zhou, Lusheng Wang","doi":"10.1177/00368504261495214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00368504261495214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveAtopic dermatitis (AD) involves complex immune dysregulation, with the IL-18 BP/IL-18 axis emerging as a critical yet underexplored regulator of pathological inflammation. While α-boswellic acid (α-BA) has shown therapeutic promise in AD, its role in regulating the IL-18 BP/IL-18 axis under the inflammatory microenvironment is unclear. This study aimed to elucidate whether α-BA could restore IL-18 BP/IL-18 homeostasis and thus suppress inflammation while preserving immune defense.MethodsA two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using summary-level genome-wide association data was conducted to evaluate the potential causal contribution of circulating IL-18 levels to AD susceptibility. DNFB-induced AD mouse model and TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells were used to evaluate α-BA's effects on barrier function, cytokine profiles, and IL-18 BP/IL-18 axis modulation. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was employed to identify the critical mediator of α-BA.ResultsMR analysis showed a statistically significant but modest association between genetically predicted circulating IL-18 levels and AD risk (OR=1.003, <i>P</i><0.05). α-BA restored epidermal barrier integrity in AD mice and normalized serum IgE and IL-13 levels. In HaCaT cells, α-BA treatment rebalanced the IL-18 BP/IL-18 axis and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, α-BA inhibited MyD88/NF-κB signaling, whereas blocking the IL-18 BP/IL-18 axis abolished this effect. RNA-seq identified metalloendopeptidase (MME) as a candidate molecule associated with α-BA treatment, and pharmacological inhibition of MME attenuated the effects of α-BA on the IL-18 BP/IL-18 axis.Conclusionsα-BA may alleviate AD by modulating the IL-18 BP/IL-18 axis and downstream MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathways. MME may contribute to α-BA-mediated regulation of the IL-18 BP/IL-18 axis.</p>","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"109 4","pages":"368504261495214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149129527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}